Water and Sanitation in the World's Cities: Local Action for Global Goals

Foreword......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes......Page 12
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 15
Introduction......Page 16
Notes and references......Page 24
Introduction......Page 25
Judging who has adequate provision......Page 26
Setting standards......Page 28
Provision for water and sanitation in each of the world’s regions......Page 32
The regions where provision needs the greatest improvements......Page 36
The special problems of smaller cities and towns in low-income countries......Page 63
Rural versus urban areas......Page 72
Notes and references......Page 74
The health impacts of inadequate provision for water and sanitation......Page 81
Reinforcing inequality, poverty and destitution......Page 85
Impacts on infants and children......Page 97
Vulnerability and susceptibility......Page 106
Women......Page 108
Restricting economic development......Page 115
Notes and references......Page 117
Introduction......Page 125
Proximate causes......Page 128
Contributory causes......Page 131
Underlying causes......Page 141
Notes and references......Page 149
Global trends and increasing water stress......Page 153
Regional water stress and its consequences for urban water and sanitation provision and health......Page 158
Urban development and its contribution to water stress......Page 163
Disasters and water and sanitation......Page 170
Notes and references......Page 178
Introduction......Page 182
Evolving international perspectives on water and sanitation......Page 183
The increasing role of the private sector in water and sanitation utilities......Page 186
The role of small-scale providers......Page 205
The role of CSOs......Page 208
Notes and references......Page 213
Introduction......Page 217
IWRM......Page 218
Urban demand-side water management as part of IWRM......Page 220
Combining demand-side strategies and serving the urban poor......Page 242
Notes and references......Page 246
The role of city governments......Page 248
From improved government performance to good governance......Page 253
Towards more effective approaches......Page 255
Governance for small urban centres......Page 264
Better governance and mechanisms for extending provision to unserved or inadequately served households......Page 265
Better governance and the performance of water and sanitation utilities......Page 273
Better governance and integrated water resource management......Page 274
Developing strong local information systems......Page 275
International support for better local governance for water and sanitation......Page 278
Water and sanitation and the Millennium Development Goals......Page 282
Notes and references......Page 285
Index......Page 288