Waste Management in the Fashion and Textile Industries

Front-Matter_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Textile-Industries
	Front Matter
Copyright_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Textile-Industries
	Copyright
Contributors_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Textile-Industries
	Contributors
1---Fashion-waste-management-problem-and-sus_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fa
	Fashion waste management problem and sustainability: A developing country perspective
		Introduction
		Waste management
			3R approach
			Exchange and renting
			Upcycling concept
			Controlling waste by lean concepts
				Minimizing process waste
				Minimizing material waste
			Effluent treatment
			Fashion consumption and consumer attitude
			Product life cycle assessment
			Recyclability
		Recycling of plastics (polyester and nylon)
		Survey findings
		Conclusions and future directions
		Acknowledgment
		References
2---Hazards-of-fashion-and-textile-waste--A_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fas
	Hazards of fashion and textile waste: Approaches for effective waste management
		Introduction
		Problems and hazards associated with raw material types
		Hazards of wasteful utilization of toxic chemicals-Land, water, and air pollution
			Problems and hazards associated with toxic chemicals
			Problems and hazards associated with water and air pollution
			Problems and hazards associated with soil infertility and degradation
		Problems and hazards caused by textile and fashion waste
			Textile waste and associated hazards
			Hazards and waste from fashion industry
			Hazards of overproduction in fashion industry
			Deleterious impacts of fast fashion on environment
			Hazards due to transport and shipment of fashion merchandise
			Hazards due to improper buying and usage behavior of consumers
			Hazards due to problematic recycling
			Hazards associated with fashion waste
		Waste management strategies to combat textile and fashion hazards
			Role of designers in waste management
			Waste management at the raw material procurement stage
			Role of manufacturers in waste management
			Waste management by minimal and effective utilization of chemicals and water
			Waste management by effective utilization of water
			Wastewater recycling and treatment
				Wastewater treatment
			Waste elimination at source and waste minimization
				Product changes as means of waste minimization
				Process changes as means of waste minimization
			Waste management by recycling and regeneration
				Recycling and regeneration techniques
			Innovative approaches by fashion industry for waste management
				Emergence of smart fashion
				Introducing the concept of slow fashion
				Principle of sharing economy
				Extended producer responsibility (EPR) and in-store collection
				Endorsing closed loop system
				Raising consumer awareness
			Role of brands in waste management
			Role of consumers in waste management
			Disposal ecology for waste management
		Conclusions
		Further reading
3---Management-of-spinning-and-w_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Te
	Management of spinning and weaving wastes
		Introduction
		Classification of waste
		Waste in spinning
			Blow room
			Carding
			Draw frame
			Combing
			Simplex
			Ring frame
			Winding
		Waste in weaving
			Warping
			Sizing
			Knotting
			Gaiting/tying-in wastage
			Selvedge
			Chindi
			Beam residual wastage
		Recycling of spinning and weaving waste
		Machine for waste management
			Willow machine
			Marzoli trash analyzer
			Marzoli recycling waste reopener (RWR)
			Roving stripping and opening machine
			Thread extractor (Bhatia, 2017)
			Garnetting machine
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgment
		References
4---Management-of-wastes-in-garmen_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-
	Management of wastes in garment manufacturing
		Introduction
		The importance of marker planning and fabric waste management
		Recycling fiber, yarn, and fabric wastes and recent trends
		Bangladesh using cotton waste as a source of biogas
		Solid waste from the Ethiopian leather sector
		The control measures in waste management
			What can be done to minimize wastes?
				Garneting
				Web preparation
				3D weaving
				Composite manufacturing
				Compression molding
				Seamless garments
		Conclusions and future directions
		References
5---Technologies-for-the-management-of-was_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fash
	Technologies for the management of wastewater generated in wet processing
		Introduction
		Control of effluent quality
			Equalization
			Recovery of by-products
			Process modification
			Loss of chemicals
			Segregation
		Effluent treatment methods
			Coagulation, flocculation, and precipitation
			Adsorption methods
			Synthetic ion exchangers
				Fiber-based synthetic bioabsorbents
			Biological treatments
			Oxidation techniques
			Membrane separation
				Microfiltration (MF)
				Ultrafiltration (UF)
				Nanofiltration (NF)
				Hyperfiltration (HF)/reverse osmosis (RO)
			Electrochemical processes
				Electrodialysis
		Effluent treatment plant
		Conclusions
		References
6---Management-of-air-qua_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Textile-I
	Management of air quality
		Introduction
		Effluent gas
			CO2 removal
				Amine scrubbing
				CO2 storage
			SOx removal
			NOx removal
			Mercury removal
		Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
		Activated carbon fibers
		Alternative technologies
		Conclusions
		Funding
		References
7---Packaging-waste-and-their-manag_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and
	Packaging waste and their management technologies
		Introduction
		Packaging defined
		Functions of packaging
		Materials used for packaging
		Consumer attitudes
		Managing package waste
			Recycle
			Waste prevention or material minimization
			Reuse
			Compostable
			Energy recovery
		Conclusions and future directions
		References
8---End-of-life-clothes-and-thei_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Te
	End of life clothes and their management
		Introduction
		Collection of used clothing
		Reuse of secondhand clothing
		Redesign and remanufacturing
		Recycling
			Mechanical recycling
			Thermal recycling
			Chemical recycling
		Energy recovery
		Disposal to landfill
		Conclusions
		References
9---Organizations-and-standards-related-to-tex_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-
	Organizations and standards related to textile and fashion waste management and sustainability
		Introduction
			Waste management and sustainability
				Green manufacturing and recycling in fashion
					Organic cotton
					Organic cotton production across the globe
					The opportunities and setting standards for organic cotton
				Green distribution
				Green retailing
		Organizations for waste management and sustainability
			Fashion brands
				HandM
				Marks and Spencer
				Patagonia
				Nike
			Few other fashion brands
		Standards for waste management and sustainability
			Global organic textile standards (GOTS)
			Sustainable textile production (STeP) by OEKO-TEX
			Eco-label certification such as STANDARD 100 by OEKO-TEX
			Bluesign
			Cradle to cradle
			International standards organization
			Higg index and sustainable apparel coalition
		Other organizations and events
			Zero discharge of hazardous chemicals (ZDHC)
			UNGC code of conduct for the fashion and textile industry
			Copenhagen fashion summit
			Dow Jones sustainability world index
			Fashion transparency index
			Youth fashion summit
			Specific codes of conduct in Australia
			Specific codes of conduct in Germany
		Extended producer responsibility (EPR) for textiles
			EPR program for postconsumer textiles and clothing recovery
		Challenges and opportunities in waste management with Indian paradigms
			Upasana studio, Auroville, India
				Tsunamika
				Small steps
			Fabric Monde, Bengaluru
			Pratibha Syntex, Indore
			Stylumia, Bengaluru
		Conclusions and future directions
			Significant findings
			Future directions
		References
10---Automotive-waste-management_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Te
	Automotive waste management technologies
		Introduction
		Automotive waste
			Recycling and energy recovery
			Mechanical recycling
			Argon process
			Thermal treatment process
				Pyrolysis process
				Sequential gasification and combustion
			Injecting molding with automobile shredder residue
		Recycling automotive composites and components
		End of life (EOL)
		Other applications
		Conclusions
		Funding
		References
11---Waste-management-in-coated-and_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and
	Waste management in coated and laminated textiles
		Introduction
		Coated and laminated textiles
			Coated textiles
			Nanomaterial incorporated coated textiles
			Laminated textiles
		Waste in coated and laminated textiles
			Waste at production stage
			Waste during the use
			Disposal of coated and laminated textile wastes
		Waste management strategy
			Raw material selection
			Process control
			Recycling
		Concluding remarks and future prospects
		References
12---Management-of-protective-cl_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Te
	Management of protective clothing waste
		Introduction
		Principles of waste management of textiles in general
			Overview
			Pre-consumer and post-consumer types of wastes
			Waste prevention and reuse
			Recycling
				Size reduction and fibre recovery
				Fibre grinding
				Melt processing
				Polymer depolymerization and repolymerization
			Incineration and landfill
		Protective clothing: Types and approaches for waste management
			Overview
			Flame-retardant protective clothing
			High temperature textiles
			Thermal insulation (protection from cold) textiles
			Chemical protective clothing
			Mechanical and ballistic protective clothing
			Radiation protection
			Electrical protective clothing
			High visibility textiles
		Conclusions
		References
13---Management-of-textile-lea_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Text
	Management of textile leather waste
		Introduction
		Leather waste
			Production of leather
		Impact of leather waste
		Treatment of leather waste
		Circular economy
		Uses of leather waste
			Challenges related to the recycling of mixed products
		Conclusions
		References
14---Redesigning-of-fashion-su_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Text
	Redesigning of fashion supply chain
		Introduction
		The sustainable roadmap approach
		Why focus on supply chain design?
		How do organizations know when its time to redesign their supply chain?
		What is the most common mistake organizations make in a supply chain redesign?
		How much should a redesigned focus on the current technologies in planning?
		What is that one thing a redesign plan for supply chain must have to succeed?
		Redesign of supply chain and circular economy (CE)
		Market and competition
		Technology
		Conclusions
		Limitations and future research directions
		References
15---Waste-management-strategies-in-fashion-and-te_2021_Waste-Management-in-
	Waste management strategies in fashion and textiles industry: Challenges are in governance, materials culture ...
		Introduction
			Definition of fashion
			The systemic problem associated with the business of fashion and textile industry
		Textile waste management definition
			Waste management issues in fashion and textiles industry
			Waste management methods
			Landfill
			Incineration/combustion
			Recovery and recycling
			Plasma gasification
			Composting
			Waste to energy (recover energy)
			Avoidance/waste minimization
		Problems of traditional landfill and incineration approaches
		The 3R approach to fashion and textile waste
			Donations to charity
			Upcycling
			Rent the runway
		Historical precedence of triple bottom line to sustainable development goals and circular economy
		The way forward
		Conclusions
		References
16---Fashion-brands-approach-toward_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and
	Fashion brands approach toward waste management
		Introduction
			Sustainability in garment sector
			What is garment waste?
		High-end fashion brands
			Phillip Ayler
			Von Holzhausen
			Zoë Chicco
			Christy Dawn
			Micheal Stars
		Fashion brands adopting to waste management
			Evrnu
			Circular systems
			Fabscrap
			Mango Materials
			Wearable Collections
			Reroll by Zero Waste Daniel
			The Renewal Workshop
			Tonlé
			Ecotec
			TrmTab
			Mima-te
			Hennes and Mauritz (HandM)
				HandM sustainable operation practices
			Nigerian Garment Industry
		Conclusions
		References
17---Recycling-of-plastics-and-composites-materi_2021_Waste-Management-in-th
	Recycling of plastics and composites materials and degradation technologies for bioplastics and biocomposites
		Global plastic production and its application
		Plastic waste issues and waste management strategies
		Sustainable biobased plastics from renewable resources
			Polylactic acid (PLA)
			Starch-based polymer
			Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
		Sustainable biocomposite materials from renewable resource
		Biodegradable and compostable polymers
			Definition
			Factors affecting the biodegradability of biobased polymers and biocomposite materials
			Biodegradation mechanism of biobased polymers and biocomposite materials
				Analytical techniques
		Biobased products via standard, certification, and labeling
		Future perspective of bioplastics and biocomposite materials
		Conclusions
		References
Index_2021_Waste-Management-in-the-Fashion-and-Textile-Industries
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