Voices of the U.S. Latino Experience Three Volumes

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Documents by Group......Page 24
Introduction......Page 42
Timeline of U.S. Latino History......Page 58
1. Excerpts from J. Eric S. Thompson, ed.,......Page 70
2. The Secret Treaty of San Ildefonso, October 1, 1800......Page 71
3. Excerpts from the Louisiana Purchase, April 30, 1803......Page 73
4. Excerpts from the Proclamation of Haiti’s Independence by the General in Chief, Jean Jacques Dessalines, to the Haitian People in Gonaives, January 1, 1804......Page 75
5. Letter from John Sibley to General Henry Dearborn, October 12, 1808......Page 77
7. El Grito de Dolores, September 16, 1810......Page 79
8. Jos e Mar ia Morelos Decree, October 13, 1811......Page 80
9. Excerpts from a Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Alexander von Humboldt, December 6, 1813......Page 82
10. Excerpts from the Adams-On is Treaty of 1819......Page 83
11. Plan of Iguala, February 24, 1821......Page 85
12. Treaty of Córdova, August 24, 1821......Page 87
14. Excerpt from Simón Bolívar’s Speech before the Congress of Angostura, February 15, 1819......Page 90
15. Excerpts from the Letter from Stephen Austin to Edward Lovelace or Josiah Bell, November 22, 1822......Page 94
16. The Monroe Doctrine, December 2, 1823......Page 96
17. Petition Concerning Slavery, June 10, 1824......Page 98
19. Decree No. 16: The Colonization of the State of Coahuila and Texas, 1825......Page 99
20. Decree of Mexican President Vicente Guerrero Abolishing Slavery, September 15, 1829......Page 106
21. Excerpts from Gen. Manuel de Mier y Terán’s Diaries, 1789–1832......Page 107
22. Letter from Gen. Manuel de Mier y Terán to Lucás Alamán, ‘‘¿En qu e parar a Texas? En lo que Dios quiera.’’ (‘‘What is to become of Texas? Whatever God wills.’’), July 2, 1832......Page 109
23. José Antonio Navarro’s Letter to the Editor of the San Antonio Ledger, October 30, 1853......Page 110
24. Excerpts from Lorenzo de Zavala, Journey to the, Early 1830s......Page 117
25. Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836......Page 120
26. Excerpts from the Address of the Honorable S. F. Austin, Louisville, Kentucky, March 7, 1836......Page 122
27. Excerpt from José María Salomé Rodríguez, The Memoirs of Early Texas, 1913......Page 125
28. Excerpt from the Memoirs of Antonio Menchaca......Page 131
29. Excerpts from José Juan Sánchez Navarro, A Mexican View of the War in Texas, 1830s......Page 134
30. Excerpt from the Diary Entry of José Enrique de la Peña, 1836......Page 136
31. Excerpt from the Treaty of Velasco, May 14, 1836......Page 137
32. Letter from Vicente Córdova to Manuel Flores, July 19, 1838......Page 139
33. Excerpts from John L. O’Sullivan’s Column on ‘‘Manifest Destiny,’’ 1839......Page 140
34. Excerpt from Juan Seguín’s Address to the Texas Senate, February 1840......Page 142
35. Letter from Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar to the People of Santa Fé, April 14, 1840......Page 143
36. Excerpts from Juan Nepomuceno Seguín, Personal Memoirs of Juan N. Seguín......Page 144
37. Excerpts from the Treaty of Annexation between the United States and the Republic of Texas, April 12, 1844......Page 150
38. José Joaquín de Herrera, ‘‘A Proclamation Denouncing the United States’ Intention to Annex Texas,’’ June 4, 1845......Page 151
39. Letter from Abraham Lincoln to Williamson Durley, October 3, 1845......Page 152
40. Excerpts from President James Polk’s State of the Union Address, December 2, 1845......Page 154
42. Abraham Lincoln’s ‘‘Spot Resolutions,’’ December 22, 1847......Page 157
43. John C. Calhoun, ‘‘The Conquest of Mexico,’’ 1848......Page 158
44. Excerpts from Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass, 1855......Page 163
45. Abraham Lincoln’s Speech to Congress against Seizing Mexican Territory, January 12, 1848......Page 164
46. Excerpts from the Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant, 1885......Page 169
47. Excerpt from Abiel Abbott Livermore, The War with Mexico Reviewed, 1850......Page 170
48. Excerpts from The Other Side: Or Notes for the History of the War between Mexico and the United States Written in Mexico, 1846–1847......Page 171
49. Excerpts from George B. McClellan, ‘‘On Volunteers in the Mexican War’’......Page 174
50. Excerpts from Samuel E. Chamberlain, My Confessions......Page 175
51. Excerpts from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848......Page 176
52. Deleted Article X from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848......Page 180
53. President James K. Polk (1795–1849) on Article X of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 22, 1848......Page 181
54. The Querétaro Protocol, May 26, 1848......Page 182
55. Excerpt from Manuel Crescion Rejón on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848......Page 183
56. Henry Clay’s Resolutions on the Compromise of 1850, January 29, 1850......Page 184
57. Excerpt from Governor William Carr Lane’s Manifesto Regarding the Drawing of the Boundary between Mexico and the United States, 1853......Page 186
58. Excerpt from Commissioner James Bartlett’s Reply to William Carr Lane, 1853......Page 187
59. A Letter from John Disturnell to the New York Daily Times on the Drawing of the New-Mexican Boundary, May 6, 1853......Page 189
60. Excerpts from the Gadsden Purchase Treaty, December 30, 1853......Page 190
62. Excerpt from ‘‘From the Rio Grande,’’ March 7, 1855......Page 192
63. Excerpt from ‘‘The French in Sonora and Dominica—The Monroe Declaration,’’ December 16, 1852......Page 193
64. Letter from John Forsyth to Hon. Lewis Cass on the Execution of Colonel Henry Crabb and Associates, Message from the President of the United States of America, February 16, 1858......Page 196
66. Excerpts from the New York Daily Times, ‘‘New Mexico—Its Social Condition,’’ 1852 (author unknown)......Page 197
67. Excerpt from O. Henry, ‘‘Tamales,’’ 1912......Page 198
68. Excerpt from William D. Carrigan and Clive Webb, ‘‘The Lynching of Persons of Mexican Origin or Descent in the United States, 1848 to 1928’’......Page 201
69. José María Loaiza’s Claim for the Lynching of His Wife Josefa and His Banishment by a Mob in Downieville, California, July 4, 1852......Page 202
70. Letter from ‘‘Dame Shirley’’ Concerning San Francisco Vigilante Committee Activities against Chileans, 1852......Page 203
71. Excerpts from Jay Monaghan, Chile, Peru, and the California Gold Rush of 1849, 1973......Page 204
72. Excerpts from Jill L. Cossley-Batt, ‘‘The Capture of Joaquín Murieta,’’ 1928......Page 207
73. Excerpts from David Bacon, ‘‘Interview with Antonio Rivera Murrieta’’ [descendant of Joaquín Murrieta], December 15, 2001......Page 208
74. Excerpts from Horace Bell, Reminiscences of a Ranger; or, Early Times in Southern California, 1881......Page 212
75. Excerpt from a Statement by Tiburcio Vásquez, 1874......Page 215
76. Excerpts from Robert Greenwood, The California Outlaw: Tiburcio Vásquez, 1960......Page 217
77. Judge José Tomás Canales on Juan Cortina, 1949......Page 218
78. Excerpts from Report of Major Samuel P. Heintzelman to Colonel Robert E. Lee, March 1, 1860......Page 220
79. Excerpts from Report of the Mexican Commission on the Northern Frontier Question, 1875......Page 231
80. Excerpt from ‘‘A Little War on the Border,’’ 1877......Page 234
81. Excerpt from W. M. Dunn’s Report to War Department, Bureau of Military Justice, April 19, 1878......Page 237
82. Excerpt from ‘‘El Paso Troubles in Texas,’’ Letter from Colonel John H. King, Secretary of War, House of Representatives, to to the Bureau of Military Justice, April 19, 1878......Page 238
83. Excerpts from the Testimony of Eulalia Pérez Regarding Her Life in Mexican California, 1877......Page 242
85. Francisco Ramírez, ‘‘Let There Be Justice,’’ 1856......Page 248
86. Manuel Retes, ‘‘Emigration to Sonora,’’ 1858......Page 249
87. Excerpts from María Amparo Ruiz de Burton,Who Would Have Thought It?, 1872......Page 250
88. Excerpts from María Amparo Ruiz de Burton,The Squatter and the Don, 1885......Page 252
89. Excerpts from Sostenes Betancourt, ‘‘The Wife of Joaquín Murieta and el Ferrocarril del Sur,’’ 1885......Page 255
90. Excerpts from Miguel Antonio Otero II, My Life on the Frontier 1864–1882......Page 259
91. Excerpt from ‘‘The Concept of Common Lands Defines Community Land Grants,’’ 2007......Page 262
92. Excerpts from Herbert O. Brayer, William Blackmore: The Spanish Mexican Land Grants of New Mexico and Colorado, 1863–1878......Page 264
93. Petition of Antonio María Pico et al. to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1859......Page 266
94. Excerpts from de Arguello v. United States, 1855......Page 269
95. Excerpts from W. W. Robinson, The Story of Mission Lands, Ranchos, Squatters, Mining Claims, Railroad Grants, Land Scrip, Homesteads, 1948......Page 273
96. Excerpts from Gonzales v. Ross, 1887......Page 274
97. Excerpt from Las Gorras Blancas (The White Caps) Manifesto, 1890......Page 282
98. Author Unknown, Excerpts from ‘‘Cuba,’’ 1849......Page 284
99. Excerpts from a Letter from U.S. Secretary of State James Buchanan to R. M. Saunders, June 17, 1848......Page 286
100. Excerpts from the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850......Page 287
101. Excerpts from President Millard Fillmore’s State of the Union Address, December 2, 1851......Page 289
102. Excerpts from Martin R. Delany, ‘‘A Glance at Ourselves, Conclusion,’’ 1852......Page 294
103. Excerpts from Pierre Soul e, ‘‘The Cuban Question: Defence of the L opez Expedition,’’ January 25, 1853......Page 295
104. Ostend Manifesto, October 18, 1854......Page 304
105. ‘‘Designs upon Cuba,’’ 1856......Page 309
106. Excerpt from Speech Given by William Walker in New Orleans, May 30, 1857......Page 311
107. ‘‘Gen. Walker’s Letter,’’ September 21, 1857......Page 315
108. Excerpts from The United States Democratic Review, ‘‘The Nicaraguan Question,’’ 1858......Page 318
109. ‘‘The Cuban Scheme,’’ January 10, 1859......Page 319
110. Democratic Party Platform, June 18, 1860......Page 322
112. Excerpt from Correspondent Quasimodo, ‘‘Cuba,’’ 1868......Page 323
113. Excerpts from the Address of Manuel de Quesada of Cuba to the United States, December 4, 1873......Page 325
114. Excerpt from a U.S. Senate Debate Regarding Whether the United States Should Annex Santo Domingo, 1870......Page 337
115. Excerpt from María Eugenia Echenique, ‘‘The Emancipation of Women,’’ 1876......Page 342
116. Letter from José Martí to the Editor of the New York Evening Post, March 25, 1889......Page 344
117. ‘‘My Race,’’ by José Martí, April 16, 1893......Page 348
118. ‘‘To Cuba!’’ José Martí, January 27, 1894......Page 350
119. Letter from José Martí to Manuel Mercado, May 18, 1895......Page 356
120. Excerpt from ‘‘The Labor Strikes,’’ 1875......Page 358
121. ‘‘The Strike of the Cigar Men,’’ 1883......Page 359
122. ‘‘Cigarmakers Protesting,’’ 1884......Page 360
123. Letter from Maximo Gómez to U.S. President Grover Cleveland, February 9, 1897......Page 363
124. U.S. Resolution on the ‘‘Recognition of the Independence of Cuba’’ and the Teller Amendment, 1898......Page 365
125. ‘‘Interment of José Martí,’’ 1895......Page 366
126. ‘‘Porto Rico in Rebellion,’’ 1895......Page 367
127. Letter from Col. Charles Gordon to the U.S. Consul to Cuba on the Death of Cuba’s Gen. Antonio Maceo, January 1, 1897......Page 369
128. George Reno, ‘‘History of the Brilliant Career of Gen. Mario Menocal,’’ 1899......Page 371
129.Excerpts from the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Spain,1898......Page 376
130. Excerpts from the Diary of General Máximo Gómez, January 8, 1899......Page 379
131. Campaign Speech Given by Albert Beveridge, September 16, 1898......Page 380
132. Excerpts from ‘‘The Field Laborer,’’ Testimony of Severo Tulier, 1899......Page 385
133. Excerpts from ‘‘La Miseria: A Los Negros Puertorrique~nos,’’ a Letter from Ram on Romero Rosa to Black Puerto Ricans, March 27, 1901......Page 386
134. Excerpts from a Petition from Puerto Rican Workers at the Plantation Paauilo to the Governor of Puerto Rico, 1902......Page 388
135. Rudyard Kipling, ‘‘The White Man’s Burden,’’ 1899......Page 389
136. ‘‘Revolution in Colombia,’’ 1902......Page 390
137. ‘‘By Treaty or by War,’’ 1902......Page 392
138. Excerpts from Theodore Roosevelt’s Annual Message to Congress, December 6, 1904......Page 394
139. The Platt Amendment, 1903......Page 397
140. Rubén Darío, ‘‘To Roosevelt’’ (Poem to President Theodore Roosevelt), 1904......Page 398
142. ‘‘Porto Rican Labor for Panama Canal,’’ Letter to the Editor of the New York Times, 1904......Page 400
143. ‘‘Taft to Porto Ricans,’’ 1907......Page 401
144. Letter on Women’s Roles from Luisa Capetillo to Dr. Paul Vigne, 1910......Page 402
145. Letter on Socialism from Luisa Capetillo to Manuel Ugarte, 1911......Page 404
PART XI - Push and Pull......Page 406
146. Excerpts from In re Ricardo Rodríguez, 1897......Page 407
147. ‘‘Opening Up Mexico,’’ 1881......Page 412
148. ‘‘Progress of the Revolt,’’ 1892......Page 414
149. ‘‘To Mexico for Revenge,’’ 1895......Page 417
150. Maud Mason Austin, ‘‘Teresa Urrea,’’ 1896......Page 419
151. Excerpts from the Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882......Page 422
152. Excerpts from the Memoirs of Federico José María Ronstadt......Page 424
153. Excerpts from Joseph Park, ‘‘The 1903 ‘Mexican Affair’ at Clifton,’’ 1903......Page 429
154. ‘‘Fearing Arizona Mob, Sisters Start East,’’ 1904......Page 434
155. Mariano Martínez, ‘‘Arizona Americans,’’ Letter to the Editor of the New York Times, 1904......Page 435
156. ‘‘Big Man Hunt in Texas,’’ 1901......Page 436
157. Anonymous, ‘‘El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,’’ ca. 1901......Page 437
158. Excerpts from Victor S. Clark, ‘‘Mexican Labor in the United States,’’ 1908......Page 438
159. Excerpts from John Kenneth Turner, Barbarous Mexico, 1910......Page 446
160. Excerpt from Nellie Campobello, Cartucho......Page 452
161. Letter from Ricardo Flores Magón to Harry Weinberger, May 9, 1921......Page 453
162. ‘‘Mexicans Burn American Flag,’’ 1910......Page 458
163. Rev. Pedro Grado’s Farewell Address, 1911......Page 459
164. Excerpts from the Plan of San Luis Potosi, November 20, 1910......Page 461
165. Excerpts from the New Mexico Constitution, 1912......Page 463
166. Excerpts from Samuel Bryan, ‘‘Mexican Immigrants in the United States,’’ 1912......Page 464
167. Excerpts from Henry ‘‘Hank’’ L opez, ‘‘Papa and Pancho Villa,’’ 1970......Page 467
168. ‘‘Race War in Arizona; Death List Is Sixteen,’’ 1914......Page 476
169. Excerpts from Francisco García Calderón, ‘‘Imperialism of Decadence,’’ 1913......Page 477
170. Excerpts from the Plan de San Diego, 1915......Page 478
171. Excerpts from ‘‘Immigration Bill Enacted over Veto,’’ 1917......Page 480
172. ‘‘Press Move for Loyalty,’’ 1917......Page 481
173. Excerpt from the 1918 Amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917......Page 482
174. Excerpt from Gilberto Hinojosa, ‘‘WWI Veteran also Crusader for Rights,’’ 2003......Page 484
175. Excerpt from Lon C. Hill’s Testimony before Albert B. Fall Committee, 1920......Page 485
177. ‘‘Mexicans Given Baths,’’ 1917......Page 487
178. ‘‘‘Viva Villa’ Shouted in Riots at Juarez,’’ 1917......Page 488
PART XII - The Gateway to the Americas......Page 490
179. Excerpt from ‘‘Overcrowded Porto Rico,’’ 1916......Page 491
180. Excerpt from the Deposition of Rafael F. March an, October 24, 1918......Page 492
181. ‘‘Units of Old Guard Now All Recruited,’’ 1922......Page 495
182. ‘‘Porto Ricans and America,’’ Letter from Rafael George Gatell to the Editor of the New York Times, 1921......Page 496
183. James Weldon Johnson, ‘‘Self-Determining Haiti: IV. The Haitian People,’’ 1920......Page 497
184. Ernest H. Gruening, ‘‘Haiti and Santo Domingo Today,’’ 1922......Page 501
185. Excerpts from Salomón de la Selva, ‘‘On the Proposed Union of Central America,’’ 1920......Page 506
186. Excerpts from Cayetano Coll y Cuchi, ‘‘American Rule in Porto Rico,’’ 1922......Page 508
188. ‘‘Calvin Coolidge: Intervention in Nicaragua,’’ 1927......Page 512
189. Excerpt from Jesús Colón, ‘‘Stowaway,’’ ca. 1917......Page 516
190. Excerpts from the Memoirs of Bernardo Vega......Page 520
191. Memo from Ramón Lebrón to the Department of Agriculture and Labor, 1921......Page 523
192. Excerpts from Margaret Hill Benedict, ‘‘Why My Children Speak Spanish,’’ 1920......Page 524
193. Correspondence from the Puerto Rican Club of San Francisco and the Puerto Rican League of California, 1925......Page 526
194. Excerpts from Luis Muñoz Marín, ‘‘The Sad Case of Porto Rico,’’ February 1929......Page 528
195. Excerpts from ‘‘Porto Rico: A Colonial Responsibility, ’’The New Republic’s Response to President Calvin Coolidge’s Presidential Address, February 6, 1929......Page 530
196. ‘‘Cubans vs. Porto Ricans,’’ Letter to the Editor of the New Republic Responding to ‘‘Porto Rico: A Colonial Responsibility,’’ 1929......Page 533
PART XIII - Americanization of Latino Immigrants......Page 536
197. Theodore Roosevelt on ‘‘True Americanism,’’ 1894......Page 537
198. Ernestine M. Alvarado, ‘‘A Plea for Mutual Understanding between Mexican Immigrants and Native Americans,’’ 1920......Page 545
199. Excerpts from Merton E. Hill, The Development of an Americanization Program, 1928......Page 546
200. ‘‘Flood of Mexican Aliens a Problem,’’ 1919......Page 547
201. Excerpt from ‘‘Naturalization Bill Alters Women’s Status,’’ 1921......Page 548
202. Excerpts from the Immigration Act, 1921......Page 549
203. Excerpts from Adolfo Romo v. Tempe School District, 1925......Page 552
204. ‘‘Mexican Laborers Drifting over Line,’’ 1921......Page 553
205. Excerpt from Bylaws of La Liga Protectora Latina, 1920......Page 555
206. Excerpts from Sen. David A. Reed, ‘‘America of the Melting Pot Comes to End,’’ 1924......Page 556
207. The National Origins Immigration Act of 1924......Page 557
208. Excerpts from Paul S. Taylor, ‘‘The Municipio of Arandas,’’ 1933......Page 562
209. Excerpts from Lina E. Bresette, ‘‘Mexicans in the United States: A Report of a Brief Survey,’’ 1929......Page 565
210. Excerpt from R. N. McLean and Charles A. Thompson, ‘‘Spanish and Mexican in Colorado,’’ 1924......Page 567
211. Excerpt from ‘‘Autos Increase Ranch Troubles,’’ 1924......Page 569
212. Circular from Imperial Valley Workers Union, ca. 1930......Page 570
213. Excerpts from Devra Anne Weber, ‘‘The Organizing of Mexicano Agricultural Workers: Imperial Valley and Los Angeles 1928–34,......Page 571
214. Excerpts from Ernesto Galarza, ‘‘Life in the United States for Mexican People: Out of the Experience of a Mexican,’’ 1929......Page 573
215. Excerpts from Emory S. Bogardus, ‘‘The Mexican Immigrant and Segregation,’’ 1930......Page 574
216. Excerpts from ‘‘Life, Trial, and Death of Aurelio Pompa,’’ 1928......Page 576
218. The Constitution of the League of United Latin American Citizens, 1929......Page 578
219. Excerpts from Robert C. Jones and Louis R. Wilson, ‘‘The Mexican in Chicago,’’ 1931......Page 580
PART XIV - Latinos and the Great Depression......Page 584
220. Excerpt from Paul J. Dosal, The Building of El Círculo Cubano,......Page 585
221. Excerpts from Oral History Interview of Fermín Souto, ca. 1939......Page 587
222. Excerpts from F. Valdéz, ‘‘Life History of Mr. Pedro Barrios,’’ ca. 1939......Page 591
223. Excerpts from Victor S. Clark, Porto Rico and Its Problems, 1930......Page 593
224. Excerpts from Herschel T. Manuel, ‘‘Results of a Half-Century Experiment in Teaching a Second Language,’’ 1952......Page 596
225. Excerpts from a José M. Gallardo Speech, 1947......Page 597
226. ‘‘Factory Employment in the Needle Trades,’’ 1933......Page 600
227. Excerpts from the Memoirs of Bernardo Vega, 1929–1939......Page 601
228. Excerpts from an FBI Document on Pedro Albizu Campos, February 19, 1936......Page 604
229. Accíon Feminista Domincana’s Statement of Priniciples, ca. 1931......Page 606
230. Excerpts from the Annual Report by Puerto Rican Gov. James R. Beverley to the Secretary of War, July 1, 1933......Page 607
231. Eleanor Roosevelt, ‘‘Our Island Possessions,’’ 1934......Page 611
232. Excerpts from Caroline Manning, ‘‘Employment of Women in Puerto Rico,’’ 1934......Page 614
233. Letter from Pastor Alberto Báez to President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Administration, October 11, 1935......Page 615
235. Excerpt from ‘‘Harlem Relief Is Poor; Misery Caused Race War,’’ 1935......Page 616
236. Thyra Edwards, ‘‘Social Worker Visits Spanish Loyalist Men,’’ 1938......Page 617
237. Arthur Garfield Hays, ‘‘Defending Justice in Puerto Rico,’’ 1937......Page 618
238. Excerpts from the Testimony of Florentino Irizarry before the Tolan Committee on Internal Migration, 1940......Page 620
239. Excerpts from the Testimony of Antonia Arana before the Tolan Committee on Internal Migration, 1940......Page 623
240. Excerpts from Congressman Vito Marcantonio, ‘‘Five Years of Tyranny,’’ 1939......Page 625
PART XV - Mexican Americans and the Great Depression......Page 632
241. Excerpts from David Washburn, ‘‘Oral History Interview with Ned Durán,’’ November 5, 2002......Page 633
242. Excerpts from an Interview with José Flores, 1940–1941......Page 637
243. ‘‘Another Case of Racial Prejudice,’’ 1936......Page 638
244. Robert N. McLean, ‘‘The Mexican Return,’’ 1932......Page 639
245. ‘‘Deportations Continue,’’ 1931......Page 643
246. Excerpts from Independent School Dist. et al. v. Salvatierra et al., 1930......Page 644
247. ‘‘What Was the Lemon Grove School Desegregation Case All About?,’’ 1931......Page 652
248. Excerpt from Norman Humphrey, ‘‘The Migration and Settlement of Detroit Mexicans,’’ 1943......Page 654
249. Edna Ewing Kelley, ‘‘The Mexicans Go Home,’’ 1932......Page 655
251. Miriam Allen Deford, ‘‘Blood-Stained Cotton in California,’’ 1933......Page 660
252. Excerpts from Ella Winter, And Not to Yield: An Autobiography, 1963......Page 663
253. Excerpt from Oral History Interview of Eduvigen Navarette Hernández about Mexican American Life in Morenci, Arizona, ca. 1996......Page 664
254. Excerpt from Oral History Interview with Valent in S. Herrera about Mexican American Life in Morenci, Arizona, ca. 1996......Page 665
255. Excerpt from Oral History Interview of María Mannelli Ponce about Mexican American Life in Morenci, Arizona, ca. 1996......Page 668
256. Excerpts from Bruce Johansen and Roberto Maestas,......Page 669
257. Excerpt from Ted Le Berthon, ‘‘Why It’s Hard for Mexicans to Become Americans,’’ 1932......Page 672
258. Allan Turner, ‘‘A Night That Changed San Antonio: Woman Recalls Leading Labor Riot in 1939,’’ 1986......Page 673
259. Philip Stevenson, ‘‘Deporting Jesús,’’ 1936......Page 679
260. Excerpts from Audrey Granneberg, ‘‘Maverick’s San Antonio,’’ 1939......Page 684
261. William S. Taylor, ‘‘Some Observations of Marginal Man in the United States,’’ 1940......Page 686
262. Excerpt from Luisa Moreno, ‘‘Non-Citizen Americans of the Southwest: Caravan of Sorrow,’’ March 3, 1940......Page 688
263. Excerpts from Testimonies of Max Guzm an and Lupe Marshall about Violence during Steelworker Strike, 1937......Page 689
PART XVI - Latinos, World War II, and the Aftermath......Page 700
264. Excerpt from Anne Quach, ‘‘From the ‘Bulge’ to the Halls of Academia,’’ 2004......Page 701
265. Excerpt from Juan de la Cruz, ‘‘Combat Engineer Fernando Pagan Went from Normandy to Belgium and Germany, Where a Sniper Nearly Killed Him,’’ 2003......Page 703
266. J. Brooks Deton, Jr., ‘‘Negro Fate in U.S. Tied to Puerto Rico Freedom,’’ 1943......Page 705
267. Excerpts from Elena Padilla, Up from Puerto Rico, 1958......Page 707
269. Excerpt from Jesús Colon, How to Know the Puerto Ricans......Page 709
270. Excerpts from ‘‘Puerto Ricans Fought for Independence in WWII,’’ 2005......Page 711
272. Excerpts from Edwin Maldonado, ‘‘Contact Labor and the Origins of Puerto Rican Communities in the United States,’’ 1979......Page 713
273. Lucius C. Harper, ‘‘The Puerto Rican in Our Midst,’’ 1951......Page 716
274. Excerpt from B. L. Donaldson, ‘‘Trouble in Paradise: The Miami Hotel Strike,’’ 1955......Page 717
275. Langston Hughes, ‘‘Simple Says Puerto Ricans Must Have Poro in Their Blood,’’ 1953......Page 718
276. Citations for Valor: Fernando Luis García, Pablo Ram irez, and Pedro Rodríguez, ca. 1951–1952......Page 719
277. Central Intelligence Agency Document on Guatemala, 1954......Page 721
278. Excerpt from ‘‘Woman Terrorist Freed of ‘Intent,’’’ 1954......Page 724
279. Dan Wakefield, ‘‘Puerto Rico: Rebels Find a Welcome,’’ 1957......Page 725
280. Excerpts from Fidel Castro, ‘‘The Revolution Begins Now,’’ January 3, 1959......Page 729
PART XVII - Mexican Americans, World War II, and the Aftermath......Page 732
281. Excerpt from Franklin D. Roosevelt, Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941......Page 733
282. Felipe Valdés Le al, ‘‘El Soldado Raso,’’ 1943......Page 734
283. Katie Gibson, ‘‘Guardsman Credits Japanese Prisoner of War with Saving His Life,’’ September 11, 2001......Page 735
284. Excerpts from Richard Santillan, ‘‘Saving Private José: Midwestern Mexican American Men during World War II,’’ 2001......Page 738
285. Excerpt from Leigh E. Smith, Jr., ‘‘El Paso’s Company E Survivors Remember Rapido River Assaults,’’ 1995......Page 740
286. Excerpt from Leigh E. Smith, Jr., ‘‘Company E Survivor Recalls Days as Prisoner of War,’’ 1995......Page 742
287. Ruchika Joshi, ‘‘Mr. Guy Louis Gabaldón: The Pied Piper of Saipan,’’ 2000......Page 744
288. Rachna Sheth and Sandra Taylor, ‘‘God’s on My Side; I Wonder Why,’’ Interviewed at His Home in El Paso by Robert Rivas on July 7–10, 2003......Page 747
289. Elizabeth Wilder, ‘‘Liberty and Fraternity for Europe, Then Back to Racist Kansas,’’ 2003......Page 749
290. Excerpts from Beverly Beyette, ‘‘Ralph Lazo Remembers Manzanar,’’ 1981......Page 751
291. Excerpt from the Citizens’ Committee for the Defense of Mexican-American Youth, ‘‘The Sleepy Lagoon Case,’’ 1942......Page 752
292. Excerpts from Anthony Quinn, The Original Sin: A Self-Portrait, 1972......Page 753
293. Excerpts from Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude: Life and Thought in Mexico, 1961......Page 758
294. Excerpts from Senate Journal of April 16, 1945, Containing Report Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in California......Page 762
295. Excerpts from People v. Zammora, The People, Respondent v. Gus Zammora et al., Appellants, October 4, 1944......Page 767
296. Excerpts from Westminster School Dist. of Orange County et al. v. M
endez et al., 1947......Page 770
297. Telegram from U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson to Hector García, 1948......Page 772
298. Testimony of José de la Luz Sáenz, ‘‘Racial Discrimination: A Number One Problem of Texas Schools,’’ 1948......Page 773
299. Excerpts from Fair Employment Practices Act Hearings, March 1945......Page 775
300. Testimony of Frank Paz before the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC), 1945......Page 780
301. ‘‘Discrimination Here Shocks Visiting Valley Teacher,’’ Letter from Ava I. Humphreys to the Editor of the Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, Texas, July 1947......Page 782
302. Excerpt from Interview with Hector P. García, Founder, American G.I. Forum, 1992......Page 783
303. ‘‘Election of Roybal—Democracy at Work,’’ from Remarks of Rep. Chet Holifield in the House of Representatives, 1949......Page 786
304. Excerpt from ‘‘Texans Combat Red Propaganda,’’ 1950......Page 789
305. Los Braceros, ‘‘Testimony from a ‘Bracero,’’’ 1951......Page 790
306. Excerpts from Isabel González, ‘‘Step-Children of a Nation: The Status of Mexican-Americans,’’ 1947......Page 791
307. Excerpts from Rudy M. Lucero, ‘‘E Company Marines Remembered’’......Page 793
308. Carey McWilliams, ‘‘Nervous Los Angeles,’’ 1950......Page 794
309. Excerpt from Gloria L opez-Stafford, A Place in El Paso: A Mexican-American Childhood, 1996......Page 796
310. Excerpt from Beatrice Griffith, American Me, 1954......Page 798
311. Excerpts from Hernández v. Texas, 1954......Page 802
312. Catherine Lavender, ‘‘Salt of the Earth (1953),’’ 1998......Page 804
313. Excerpts from Lyle Saunders and Olen E. Leonard, The Wetback in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, 1951......Page 806
314. Excerpts from Patricio Morgan, Shame of a Nation: A Documented Story of Police-State Terror against Mexican-Americans in the U.S.A., 1954......Page 809
315. Excerpts from the Testimony of Albert B aez, Greenbrae, California......Page 815
PART XVIII - Latinos in the 1960s......Page 818
316. Excerpts from Frances Negrón-Muntaner, ‘‘Feeling Pretty: West Side Story and Puerto Rican Identity Discourses,’’ 2000......Page 819
317. Al Burt, ‘‘Miami: The Cuban Flavor,’’ 1971......Page 821
318. ‘‘Confidential Cabinet Meeting Decisions,’’ October 6, 1960......Page 825
319. Excerpt from Harriet B. Presser, ‘‘Puerto Rico: The Role of Sterilization in Controlling Fertility,’’ 1969......Page 827
320. Excerpts from Jorge Duany, ‘‘Caribbean Migration to Puerto Rico: A Comparison of Cubans and Dominicans,’’ 1992......Page 828
321. Classified U.S. State Department Documents on the Overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende, 1973......Page 829
322. Excerpts from Antonia Pantoja, Memoir of a Visionary: Antonia Pantoja, 2002......Page 832
324. Excerpt from ‘‘Badillo Scores Young Lords for Attack on Puerto Rican,’’ 1970......Page 843
326. Excerpt from Linda Ocasio, ‘‘Portrait of an Organizer: Edgar deJesus,’’ 1996......Page 844
327. Young Lords, ‘‘Young Lords Party: 13 Point Program and Platform,’’ 1969......Page 847
328. Excerpts from Young Lords, ‘‘The Ideology of the Young Lords Party,’’ 1969......Page 849
329. Young Lords, ‘‘Position on Women’s Liberation,’’ May 1971......Page 852
330. Excerpt from Peter Kihss, ‘‘‘La Guardia School’ Taking Hispanic Radical’s Name,’’ 1976......Page 854
332. Excerpt from Felix Cortés, Angel Falcón, and Juan Flores, ‘‘The Cultural Expression of Puerto Ricans in New York: A Theoretical Perspective and Critical Review,’’ 1976......Page 855
333. Excerpt from Wayne King, ‘‘4 Nationalists Are Welcomed as Heroes in Puerto Rico,’’ 1979......Page 856
334. Excerpt from ‘‘Socialism’’ from ‘‘Pastoral Letter of the Nicaraguan Episcopate,’’ November 17, 1979......Page 857
335. Excerpts from ‘‘U.S. Formally Recognizes New Nicaragua Regime,’’ 1979......Page 858
PART XIX - Chicanos, the 1960s, and Heritage......Page 860
336. Excerpts from José Angel Gutiérrez, ‘‘Oral History Interview with Albert Peña, Jr.,’’ July 2, 1996......Page 862
338. Excerpts from the Voting Rights Act, 1965......Page 865
339. Marcos de León, ‘‘Statements of Philosophy and Policy as They Pertain to the Acculturation and Education of the Mexican-American,’’ 1964......Page 876
340. Excerpts from National Education Association, Invisible Minority: Report of the NEA-Tucson Survey on the Teaching of Spanish to the Spanish Speaking, 1966......Page 878
341. Ernesto Galarza, ‘‘La Mula No Nacio Arisca,’’ 1966......Page 882
342. Excerpts from Previously Classified, Sanitized U.S. Department of State Telegram on the Tlatelolco Massacre, Mexico City, 1968......Page 887
343. Excerpts from Eugene Nelson, Jr., ‘‘Huelga: New Goals for Labor,’’ 1967......Page 889
344. Excerpts from Rubén Salazar, ‘‘State Calls for Probe of Judge in Latin Slurs,’’ 1969......Page 890
345. Remarks of Hon. James G. O’Hara of Michigan about the Proclamation of the Delano Grape Workers for International Boycott Day, House of Representatives, May 10, 1969......Page 891
346. Excerpts from Salvador B. Castro et al., Petitioners v. the Superior Court of Los Angeles County......Page 893
347. Excerpts from Rodolfo ‘‘Corky’’ Gonzales, ‘‘I Am Joaquín,’’ 1967......Page 896
348. Excerpts from El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán, 1969......Page 899
349. Excerpts from Chicano Coordinating Council on Higher Education, El Plan de Santa Barbara: A Chicano Plan for Higher Education, 1969......Page 902
350. Excerpts from Jos e Angel Guti errez, ‘‘Mexicanos Need to Control Their Own Destinies,’’ 1970......Page 911
352. Excerpts from Herman Baca, ‘‘The Day the Police Rioted! Remembering 32 Years Ago,’’ August 15, 2002......Page 917
353. Excerpts from Congressman Henry B. González’s Congressional Speech of April 22, 1969......Page 919
354. Excerpts from MAYO document on Student Walkouts, Crystal City, Texas, 1973......Page 921
355. José Angel Gutiérrez, ‘‘Oral History Interview with Viviana Santiago Cavada,’’ 1998......Page 923
356. Excerpts from H. Joaquín Jackson and David Marion Wilkinson, One Ranger: A Memoir, 2005......Page 924
357. Excerpts from Reies López Tijerina, ‘‘A Letter from the Santa Fe Jail,’’ 1969......Page 934
358. Excerpts from Carlos Montez [sic] et al., Petitioners v. the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Respondent; The People, August 7, 1970......Page 937
359. Enrique Hank López, ‘‘Overkill at the Silver Dollar,’’ 1970......Page 940
360. Excerpt from a Statement by Elma Barrera, 1970......Page 945
361. Excerpts from Marjorie Heins, Strictly Ghetto Property: The Story of Los Siete de La Raza, 1972......Page 948
362. Excerpts from Robert Kistler, ‘‘Women ‘Pushed’ into Sterilization, Doctor Charges,’’ 1974......Page 952
363. Excerpts from the Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, c. 1971......Page 953
364. Excerpts from Lau v. Nichols, 1974......Page 956
365. Excerpt from Manuel A. Machado, Jr., Listen Chicano!, 1978......Page 959
366. Excerpt from the University of California Regents v. Bakke, 1978......Page 962
367. Excerpts from Celeste Durant, ‘‘California Bar Exam—Pain and Trauma Twice a Year,’’ 1978......Page 972
368. Excerpts from an Interview with Ernie Cortés, Jr., 2002......Page 973
369. Interview with Antonio González on Willie Velásquez, Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, 2004......Page 983
370. Excerpt from Enriqueta Vásquez and the Chicano Movement, 2006......Page 988
371. Excerpts from Elizabeth Martínez, ‘‘A View from New Mexico: Recollections of the Movimiento Left,’’ 2002......Page 989
PART XX - Latinos, 1980–Present......Page 996
372. Excerpts from Bjorn Kumm, ‘‘The Loyola Opposition: El Salvador’s Rebel Priests,’’ 1978......Page 997
373. Excerpts from Maura I. Toro-Morn, ‘‘Yo Era Muy Arriesgada: A Historical Overview of the Work Experiences of Puerto Rican Women in Chicago,’’ 2001......Page 1000
374. Excerpts from Silvia M. Unzueta, ‘‘The Mariel Exodus: A Year in Retrospect,’’ 1981......Page 1003
375. Excerpts from Chip Berlet, The Hunt for Red Menace: How Government ... Networks That Target Dissidents as Outlaws, 1987......Page 1007
376. Testimony of Peter Kornbluh, ‘‘Congressional Inquiry into Alleged Central Intelligence Agency Involvement in the South Central Los Angeles Crack Cocaine Drug Trade,’’ October 19, 1996......Page 1012
377. Excerpts from Brittmarie Janson Pérez, ‘‘Political Facets of Salsa,’’ 1987......Page 1017
378. Excerpt from ‘‘Joint Resolution, Deploring the Actions of President Clinton Regarding Granting Clemency to FALN Terrorists,’’ 1999......Page 1024
379. Excerpts from Ramona Hern andez and Francisco L. Rivera-Batiz, ‘‘Dominicans in the United States: A Socioeconomic Profile,’’ 2003......Page 1026
380. Excerpt from Roberto Suro and Audrey Singer, ‘‘Latino Growth in Metropolitan America: Changing Patterns, New Locations,’’ 2002......Page 1029
381. Letter from Dámaso Serrano López, Mayor-Elect of the Municipality of Vieques to President William J. Clinton, November 10, 2000......Page 1030
382. Excerpts from Regina Arag on, Jennifer Kates, and Liberty Greene, Latinos’ Views of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic at 20 Years: Findings from a National Survey, 2001......Page 1032
384. Attorney General Janet Reno’s Statement Regarding the Removal of Elián González, April 22, 2000......Page 1034
385. Excerpts from Roberto Suro, ‘‘Counting the ‘Other Hispanics’: How Many Colombians, Dominicans, Ecuadorians, Guatemalans, and Salvadorans Are There in the United States?’’ May 9, 2002......Page 1036
386. Mireya Navarro, ‘‘Puerto Rican Presence Wanes in New York,’’ 2000......Page 1038
387. Consuelo López Springfield and Elizabeth Hernández, ‘‘Women and Writing in Puerto Rico: An Interview with Ana Lydia Vega,’’ 1994......Page 1039
388. Excerpts from John R. Logan, ‘‘The New Latinos: Who They Are, Where They Are,’’ 2001......Page 1050
389. Excerpts from Roberto Suro and Jeffrey S. Passel, ‘‘The Rise of the Second Generation,’’ 2003......Page 1057
390. Excerpts from John R. Logan, ‘‘Choosing Segregation: Racial Imbalance in American Public Schools, 1990–2000,’’ 2002......Page 1058
391. Excerpts from John Ross, ‘‘Mexicanizing the Mara,’’ 2004......Page 1061
392. Excerpts from Stacey Chapman, ‘‘Yo Soy Boricua, Pa’ que Tu Lo Sepas! (I’m Boricua, Just So You Know!): An Interview with Rosie Pérez,’’ June 12, 2006......Page 1064
393. Rodolfo F. Acuña, ‘‘The Inquiring Mind and Miguel Estrada,’’ 2002......Page 1066
394. Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA), ‘‘Guatemala’s Cursed Armed Forces: Washington’s Old Friend Is Back in Town,’’ March 16, 2006......Page 1069
PART XXI - Chicanas/os and Mexican Americans in Contemporary Society......Page 1072
395. Excerpts from David Reyes, ‘‘GI Forum Address,’’ 1980......Page 1074
396. Excerpts from Judy Aulette and Trudy Mills, ‘‘Something Old, Something New: Auxiliary Work in the 1983–1986 Copper Strike,’......Page 1075
397. Memo from John Tanton to WITAN IV Attendees, October 10, 1986......Page 1076
398. Excerpt from a Summary of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), 1986......Page 1081
399. ‘‘In Memory: Remembering César Chávez,’’ c. 1990......Page 1089
400. Jorge R. Mancillas, ‘‘At UCLA, the Power of the Individual— Chicano Studies: The Hunger Strike Was a Morally Justifiable, Politically Reasonable Use of the Tactic,’’ 1993......Page 1090
401. ‘‘Declaration of War,’’ December 31, 1993......Page 1092
402. California Proposition 187: Illegal Aliens. Ineligibility for Public Services, 1994......Page 1094
403. Glynn Custred and Tom Wood, ‘‘California’s Proposition 209,’’ 1996......Page 1096
404. Ron K. Unz and Gloria Matta Tuchman, ‘‘Initiative Statute: English Language Education for Children in Public Schools,’’ 1998......Page 1097
405.Patrisia Gonzales and Roberto Rodríguez, ‘‘Aztlán Draws Ire of Anti-Immigrants,’’ 1998......Page 1101
406. Excerpts from Rakesh Kochhar, Roberto Suro, and Sonya Tafoya, ‘‘Report: The New Latino South: The Context and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth,’’ 2005......Page 1102
407. Excerpts from Stuart Silverstein, ‘‘Racial Issues Lose Urgency, Study Finds; UCLA Survey Shows That a Record ... Is No Longer a Major Problem in the U.S.,’’ 2005......Page 1105
408. Testimony of Mar ia Elena Durazo before the Subcommittee on Employer–Employee Relations, Committee on Education and the Wor......Page 1106
409. Linda Lutton, ‘‘Old-Time Chicago Politics Aren’t Dead Yet— Just Ask ‘Chuy’ García,’’ 1998......Page 1108
410. Rodolfo F. Acuña, ‘‘Latino Leaders Take a Holiday,’’ 1999......Page 1113
411. David Bacon, ‘‘Crossing L.A.’s Racial Divide: City Could Elect Its First Latino Mayor in More Than a Century,’’ 2001......Page 1116
412. Dane Schiller, ‘‘Castro Upholds Family’s Involvement Tradition,’’ 2001......Page 1118
413. Rodolfo F. Acuña, ‘‘Lessons from Vietnam,’’ 2003......Page 1119
414. David Bacon, ‘‘Los Angeles Turns Out for Amnesty,’’ 2000......Page 1121
415. Testimony of Commissioner Richard M. Estrada, U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform, ‘‘Agricultural Guest Worker Programs,’......Page 1126
416. Enrique C. Ochoa and Gilda L. Ochoa, ‘‘Governor’s Comments Reveal the Depth of Sexism and Racism,’’ 2006......Page 1127
417. Excerpts from Roberto Suro, Sergio Bendixen, and Dulce C. Benavides, ‘‘Billions in Motion: Latino Immigrants, Remittances, and Banking,’’ 2002......Page 1129
418. ‘‘An Interview with Sub-Comandante Marcos of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation,’’ 1995......Page 1131
419. Suzanne López, ‘‘The Dense, Impenetrable Adobe Ceiling,’’ 2003......Page 1134
420. Chip Jacobs, ‘‘Return of the Native,’’ 2005......Page 1138
421. Excerpts from Erica Frankenberg, Chungmei Lee, and Gary Or.eld, ‘‘A Multiracial Society with Segregated Schools: Are We Losing the Dream?’’......Page 1146
422. Pew Hispanic Center, ‘‘Fact Sheet: Latinos and the War in Iraq,’’ January 4, 2007......Page 1148
423. Jorge Mariscal, ‘‘They Died Trying to Become Students—The Future for Latinos in an Era of War and Occupation,’’ 2003......Page 1152
Index......Page 1156
About the Editors......Page 1198