Vitamin K in Health and Disease (Oxidative Stress and Disease)

3392_fm.pdf......Page 2
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 7
Author......Page 9
Table of Contents......Page 0
3392_ch01.pdf......Page 10
References......Page 18
3392_ch02.pdf......Page 22
2.2 Active Forms of Vitamin K......Page 23
2.3.1 Coumarin Derivatives......Page 29
2.3.2 1,3-Indandiones......Page 32
2.3.4 Other Antagonists......Page 33
2.3.5 Inactive Forms of Vitamin K as Inhibitors......Page 34
2.4 Use of Vitamin K to Supplement Diets and Rations......Page 36
2.5.1 Biosynthesis......Page 37
2.5.2 Chemistry......Page 39
2.6 Physical and Chemical Properties of Vitamin K......Page 40
References......Page 42
3392_ch03.pdf......Page 47
3.2.1 Phylloquinone Content of Foods......Page 49
3.2.2 Dietary Intake of Phylloquinone......Page 52
3.2.3 Vitamin K in Milk......Page 54
3.2.4 Dihydrophylloquinone in Foods......Page 55
3.2.5 Menaquinones in Foods......Page 57
3.3.1 Plasma Phylloquinone......Page 58
3.3.2 Plasma Concentrations of Other K Vitamers......Page 61
3.4 Current Status of Research Efforts......Page 62
References......Page 63
3392_ch04.pdf......Page 71
4.1.2 Demonstration of the Vitamin K-Dependent γ-Glutamyl......Page 73
4.1.3 General Properties of the Carboxylase System......Page 75
4.1.4 Purification, Cloning, and Distribution of the Carboxylase......Page 80
4.1.5 Enzymatic Action and Processivity......Page 81
4.1.6 Topology and Physiological Control of the Carboxylase......Page 83
4.2.1 Demonstration of the Epoxide Reductase......Page 86
4.2.2 Purification and Properties of the Enzyme......Page 87
4.2.3 Topology and Mechanism of Action of the Enzyme......Page 88
4.3 Current Status of Research Efforts......Page 90
References......Page 91
3392_ch05.pdf......Page 100
5.2.2 Pathway of Prothrombin Activation......Page 103
5.2.3 Structure of Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors......Page 105
5.2.4 Assays for Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors......Page 110
5.2.5 Genetic Variants of Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors......Page 111
5.2.6 Abnormal (des-γ-Carboxy) Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors......Page 113
5.3.1 Osteocalcin......Page 114
5.3.2 Matrix Gla Protein......Page 117
5.4.1 Conus Snail Venoms......Page 118
5.4.2 Snake Venoms......Page 120
5.5.1 Gas6......Page 121
5.5.3 Periostin......Page 122
5.5.7 Other Gla-Containing Proteins......Page 123
5.6 Current Status of Research Efforts......Page 124
References......Page 125
3392_ch06.pdf......Page 140
6.1.2 Bioavailability of Vitamin K from Foods......Page 141
6.1.3 Plasma Transport and Cellular Uptake of Vitamin K......Page 143
6.2 Utilization of Menaquinones from the Gut......Page 146
6.3 Vitamin K in Various Organs and Tissues......Page 148
6.4.1 Synthesis of Menaquinone-4 from Phylloquinone......Page 152
6.4.2 Degradation and Excretion of Vitamin K......Page 155
6.5 Current Status of Research Efforts......Page 159
References......Page 160
3392_ch07.pdf......Page 167
7.1.2 Adult Human Deficiencies......Page 170
7.2 Control of Anticoagulant Therapy......Page 171
7.3.1 Relationship to Markers of Vitamin K Status......Page 175
7.3.3 Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin K and Bone Health......Page 177
7.4.1 Relationship of Ectopic Calcification to Matrix Gla Protein......Page 180
7.4.2 Genetic Diseases......Page 181
7.4.4 Other Possible Interactions Involving MGP......Page 182
7.5 Current Status of Research Efforts......Page 183
References......Page 185
3392_ch08.pdf......Page 200
8.1.2 Establishment of the Current DRI for Vitamin K......Page 203
8.2 Vitamin K Requirement of Domestic and Companion Animals......Page 205
8.3 Dietary and Physiological Factors Influencing Vitamin K Status......Page 209
8.4 Hazards of the Ingestion of Large Amounts of Vitamin K......Page 211
8.5 Additional Reports of Biological Effects of Vitamin K......Page 212
References......Page 214
084933392X.pdf......Page 1