Visualizing Environmental Science, 5th edition

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Instructor’s Support......Page 10
Contents......Page 15
1 The Environmental Challenges We Face......Page 20
Human Impacts on the Environment......Page 22
EnviroDiscovery 1.1: Green Roofs......Page 26
Sustainability and the Environment......Page 30
Environmental Science......Page 34
How We Handle Environmental Problems......Page 38
EnviroDiscovery 1.2: Getting Past NIMBY......Page 40
Case Study 1.1: The New Orleans Disaster......Page 41
2 Sustainability and Human Values......Page 44
Human Use of the Earth......Page 46
Human Values and Environmental Problems......Page 49
Environmental Justice......Page 53
An Overall Plan for Sustainable Living......Page 54
Case Study 2.1: The Loess Plateau in China......Page 62
3 Environmental History, Politics, and Economics......Page 66
Conservation and Preservation of Resources......Page 68
Environmental History......Page 69
EnviroDiscovery 3.1: Environmental Literacy......Page 76
Environmental Legislation......Page 77
Environmental Economics......Page 80
Case Study 3.1: Tradable Permits and Acid Rain......Page 86
4 Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards......Page 90
A Perspective on Risks......Page 92
Environmental Health Hazards......Page 95
Movement and Fate of Toxicants......Page 99
Determining Health Effects of Pollutants......Page 103
EnviroDiscovery 4.1: Smoking: A Significant Risk......Page 106
The Precautionary Principle......Page 108
Case Study 4.1: Endocrine Disrupters......Page 110
5 How Ecosystems Work......Page 114
What Is Ecology?......Page 116
The Flow of Energy Through Ecosystems......Page 118
The Cycling of Matter in Ecosystems......Page 124
Ecological Niches......Page 131
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 5.1: Resource Partitioning......Page 133
Interactions Among Organisms......Page 134
EnviroDiscovery 5.1: Bee Colonies Under Threat......Page 136
Case Study 5.1: Global Climate Change: How Does It Affect the Carbon Cycle?......Page 140
6 Ecosystems and Evolution......Page 144
Factors That Shape Biomes......Page 146
Describing Earth’s Major Biomes......Page 150
EnviroDiscovery 6.1: Using Goats to Fight Fires......Page 156
Aquatic Ecosystems......Page 160
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 6.1: Zonation in a Large Lake......Page 161
Population Responses to Changing Conditions over Time: Evolution......Page 165
Community Responses to Changing Conditions over Time: Succession......Page 169
Case Study 6.1: Wildfires......Page 172
7 Human Population Change and the Environment......Page 176
Population Ecology......Page 178
Human Population Patterns......Page 183
Demographics of Countries......Page 186
Stabilizing World Population......Page 191
EnviroDiscovery 7.1: Microcredit Programs......Page 194
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 7.1: Education and Fertility......Page 195
Population and Urbanization......Page 196
Case Study 7.1: Urban Planning in Curitiba, Brazil......Page 202
8 Air and Air Pollution......Page 206
The Atmosphere......Page 208
Types and Sources of Air Pollution......Page 212
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 8.1: Air Pollution from Volcanoes......Page 215
Effects of Air Pollution......Page 217
EnviroDiscovery 8.1: Air Pollution May Affect Precipitation......Page 219
Controlling Air Pollutants......Page 222
Indoor Air Pollution......Page 225
Case Study 8.1: Curbing Air Pollution in Chattanooga......Page 228
9 Global Atmospheric Changes......Page 232
The Atmosphere and Climate......Page 234
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 9.1: Rain Shadow......Page 237
Global Climate Change......Page 238
Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere......Page 247
EnviroDiscovery 9.1: Links Between Climate and Atmospheric Change......Page 249
Acid Deposition......Page 250
Case Study 9.1: International Implications of Global Climate Change......Page 254
10 Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution......Page 258
The Importance of Water......Page 260
Water Resource Problems......Page 263
Water Management......Page 270
Water Pollution......Page 274
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 10.1: Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Lakes......Page 276
Improving Water Quality......Page 280
Case Study 10.1: China’s Three Gorges Dam......Page 285
11 The Ocean and Fisheries......Page 288
The Global Ocean......Page 290
Major Ocean Life Zones......Page 294
EnviroDiscovery 11.1: Otters in Trouble......Page 298
Human Impacts on the Ocean......Page 300
What a Scientist Sees 11.1: Modern Commercial Fishing Methods......Page 302
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 11.2: Ocean Warming and Coral Bleaching......Page 305
Addressing Ocean Problems......Page 307
Case study 11.1: The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico......Page 309
12 Mineral and Soil Resources......Page 312
Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle......Page 314
Economic Geology: Useful Minerals......Page 318
Environmental Implications of Mineral Use......Page 322
EnviroDiscovery 12.1: Not-So-Precious Gold......Page 323
Soil Properties and Processes......Page 325
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 12.1: Soil Profile......Page 326
Soil Problems and Conservation......Page 328
Case study 12.1: Coping with “Conflict Minerals”......Page 333
13 Land Resources......Page 336
Land Use in the United States......Page 338
Forests and Forest Management......Page 340
EnviroDiscovery 13.1: Ecologically Certified Wood......Page 342
What a Scientist Sees 13.1: Harvesting Trees......Page 344
Deforestation......Page 345
Rangelands......Page 349
National Parks and Wilderness Areas......Page 352
Conservation of Land Resources......Page 357
Case Study 13.1: The Tongass Debate over Clear-Cutting......Page 360
14 Agriculture and Food Resources......Page 364
World Food Problems......Page 366
The Principal Types of Agriculture......Page 369
Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock......Page 371
Solutions to Agricultural Problems......Page 376
Controlling Agricultural Pests......Page 380
What a Scientist Sees 14.1: Pesticide Use and New Pest Species......Page 382
Case Study 14.1: Organic Agriculture......Page 384
15 Biodiversity and Conservation......Page 388
Species Richness and Biological Diversity......Page 390
Endangered and Extinct Species......Page 394
EnviroDiscovery 15.1: Is Your Coffee Bird Friendly®?......Page 396
What a Scientist Sees 15.1: Where Is Declining Biological Diversity the Most Serious?......Page 397
Conservation Biology......Page 402
Conservation Policies and Laws......Page 406
Case Study 15.1: The Challenges of Protecting Rare Species......Page 409
16 Solid and Hazardous Waste......Page 412
Solid Waste......Page 414
What a Scientist Sees 16.1: Sanitary Landfills......Page 417
Reducing Solid Waste......Page 420
Hazardous Waste......Page 425
EnviroDiscovery 16.2: Handling Nanotechnology Safely......Page 426
Managing Hazardous Waste......Page 428
Case Study 16.1: High-Tech Waste......Page 431
17 Nonrenewable Energy Resources......Page 434
Energy Consumption......Page 436
Coal......Page 437
Oil and Natural Gas......Page 439
Nuclear Energy......Page 446
EnviroDiscovery 17.1: A Nuclear Waste Nightmare......Page 453
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 17.1: Yucca Mountain......Page 454
Case Study 17.1: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge......Page 455
18 Renewable Energy Resources......Page 458
Direct Solar Energy......Page 460
WHAT A SCIENTIST SEES 18.1: Photovoltaic Cells......Page 462
Indirect Solar Energy......Page 466
Other Renewable Energy Sources......Page 472
EnviroDiscovery 18.1: Deep Energy Retrofits......Page 474
Case Study 18.1: Green Architecture......Page 479
Graphing Appendix......Page 482
Glossary......Page 491
Index......Page 496
EULA......Page 510