Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 17
1.1 Introduction......Page 21
1.2 The Concept of Social Orders: Violence, Institutions, and Organizations......Page 33
1.3 The Logic of the Natural State......Page 38
1.4 The Logic of the Open Access Order......Page 41
1.5 The Logic of the Transition from Natural States to Open Access Orders......Page 45
1.6 A Note on Beliefs......Page 47
1.7 The Plan......Page 49
2.1 Introduction......Page 50
2.2.1 Persons, Personality, Impersonality, Identity, Patronage, and Interest......Page 52
2.2.2 Size, Boundaries, Trade, and Specialization......Page 59
2.3 Differences: A Typology of Natural States......Page 61
2.4 Privileges, Rights, and Elite Dynamics......Page 69
2.5 Origins: The Problem Scale and Violence......Page 71
2.6 Natural State Dynamics: Fragile to Basic Natural States......Page 75
2.7 Moving to Mature Natural States: Disorder, Organization, and the Medieval Church......Page 82
2.8 Mature Natural States: France and England in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries......Page 89
2.9 Natural States......Page 92
APPENDIX: SKELETAL EVIDENCE AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS......Page 95
3.1 Introduction......Page 97
3.2 Chronology......Page 99
3.3 The Courts, Legal Concepts, and the Law of Property......Page 107
3.4 Bastard Feudalism......Page 111
3.5 Bastard Feudalism and the Impersonalization of Property......Page 118
3.6 The Typology of Natural States......Page 124
A Glossary of Technical Terms involving Land Use......Page 126
Estimating Landownership Concentration in Medieval England......Page 127
4.1 Introduction......Page 130
4.2 Commonalities: Characteristics of an Open Access Order......Page 132
4.2.1 Schumpeter\'s Insight......Page 135
4.3 Institutions, Beliefs, and Incentives Supporting Open Access......Page 137
4.4 Incorporation: The Extension of Citizenship......Page 138
4.5 Control of Violence in Open Access Orders......Page 141
4.6 Growth of Government......Page 142
4.7.1 Elections, Party Competition, and the Civil Society......Page 145
4.7.2 Market Competition......Page 149
4.8 Forces of Long-Run Stability: Adaptive Efficiency......Page 153
4.8.1 Sources of Change in Open Access Orders......Page 156
4.9 Why InstitutionsWork Differently under Open Access than Limited Access......Page 157
4.10 A New \"Logic of Collective Action\" and Theory of Rent-Seeking......Page 160
4.11 Democracy and Redistribution......Page 162
4.12 Adaptive Efficiency and the Seeming Independence of Economics and Politics in Open Access Orders......Page 164
5.1 Introduction......Page 168
5.2 Personality and Impersonality: The Doorstep Conditions......Page 170
5.3 Doorstep Condition #1: Rule of Law for Elites......Page 174
5.4 Doorstep Condition #2: Perpetually Lived Organizations in the Public and Private Spheres......Page 178
5.4.1 Moving toward the Doorstep in Europe and the United States: Impersonality in Public and Private Organizations......Page 186
5.5 Doorstep Condition #3: Consolidated Control of the Military......Page 189
5.6 The British Navy and the British State......Page 201
5.7 Time, Order, and Institutional Forms......Page 207
6.1 Institutionalizing Open Access......Page 210
6.2 Fear of Faction......Page 214
6.3 Events......Page 223
6.4 Parties and Corporations......Page 230
6.5 The Transition to Open Access in Britain......Page 233
6.6 The Transition to Open Access in France......Page 239
6.7 The Transition to Open Access in the United States......Page 248
6.8 Institutionalizing Open Access: Why the West?......Page 260
6.8.1 Creating the Doorstep Conditions and the West’s Dominance of the World......Page 261
6.8.2 The Transition Proper......Page 263
7.1 The Framing Problems......Page 271
7.2 The Conceptual Framework......Page 274
7.3 A New Approach to the Social Sciences: Violence, Institutions, Organizations, and Beliefs......Page 277
7.4 A New Approach to the Social Sciences: Development and Democracy......Page 283
7.5 Toward a Theory of the State......Page 288
7.6 Violence and Social Orders: The Way Ahead......Page 291
References......Page 293
Index......Page 315