Viewpoint Relativism: A New Approach to Epistemological Relativism based on the Concept of Points of View (Synthese Library, 419)

Preface to the English Edition
Preface to the Finnish Edition
Introduction
Contents
Chapter 1: The Historical Background of Relativism
	1.1 A Look into the History of Relativism
	1.2 Kant on Constructing Knowledge
	1.3 Leibniz’s Perspectivism
	1.4 Nietzsche’s Perspectivism
	1.5 Myers’ Systematic Pluralism
	1.6 Goodman’s Worldmaking
Chapter 2: Conditions of a Philosophical Discussion
	2.1 Core Rationality in Philosophy
		2.1.1 Philosophical Relativity
		2.1.2 Principles of Argumentation and Core Rationality
	2.2 C-Theory: The Common Conditions of Discussion
		2.2.1 Common Language
		2.2.2 Intuitive Conception of Truth
		2.2.3 Shared Reality
Chapter 3: Points of View and Relativism
	3.1 The Concept of Points of View
	3.2 Subjective Points of View and Mental Worlds
	3.3 Points of View Produce Maps of the World
	3.4 The Changing and Objectification of Points of View
	3.5 The Comparison of Points of View
	3.6 Cases of Viewpoint Analysis
		3.6.1 Human-Centric Cosmology
		3.6.2 Dialectical Contradictions as Complementary Oppositions
	3.7 Viewpoint Relativism as a Philosophical Hypothesis
	3.8 Defending Relativism
Chapter 4: The Relativity of Truth
	4.1 Scepticism and the Possibility of Knowledge
	4.2 Theories of Truth
	4.3 The Contextuality of Truth
	4.4 Viewpoint-Relative Truth
	4.5 New Relativism
	4.6 Truth Relativism
Chapter 5: The Relativity of Knowledge
	5.1 The Standard Definition of Knowledge and Its Problems
	5.2 The Possibility of Objective Knowledge
		5.2.1 Objectivity as Correspondence
		5.2.2 Objectivity as a Consensus
	5.3 The Relativity of Justification
		5.3.1 Epistemic Viewpoint Relativism
		5.3.2 Dispute About the Heliocentric System as a Case
	5.4 Incommensurability of Conceptual Frameworks
	5.5 Epistemic Relativism by Wittgenstein
Chapter 6: The Relativity of Reality
	6.1 Conceptual Relativism
	6.2 Natural Kinds and Social Constructionism
	6.3 Internal and External Realisms
	6.4 Conceptual Spaces and Conceptual Relativism
Chapter 7: Relativism and Realism in the Philosophy of Science
	7.1 Problems with Scientific Realism
		7.1.1 Miracle Argument and Scientific Realism
		7.1.2 Semantic Theory of Truth and Scientific Realism
	7.2 Viewpoint Relativism and Perspectivism in the Philosophy of Science
	7.3 Strong Objectivity and Standpoint-Methodology
Chapter 8: Critical Relativism and Disagreement
	8.1 Critical Relativism
		8.1.1 A Post-truth Era?
		8.1.2 Networking Expertise
		8.1.3 The Debate on the Social Meaning of Truth
		8.1.4 Points of View Meet in Dialogue
	8.2 Epistemic Disagreements
		8.2.1 Disagreement Based on Points of View
		8.2.2 Changing Points of View in Disagreements
Conclusions
Background and Acknowledgements
References
Index