Veterinary Surgical Oncology

Veterinary SurgicalOncology......Page 1
Veterinary SurgicalOncology......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
List of Contributors......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
Signalment......Page 11
Fine-needle aspirate......Page 12
Incisional wedge biopsy......Page 14
Lymph node biopsy......Page 15
Surgical considerations forcurative-intent surgery......Page 16
Defining and evaluating surgical margins......Page 17
Wound healing......Page 18
References......Page 19
2. Multimodal therapy......Page 22
References......Page 32
Modalities......Page 41
Access needles......Page 42
Guidewires......Page 43
Catheters......Page 44
Vascular closure devices......Page 45
Liquids......Page 46
Stents......Page 47
Natural orifices......Page 48
Bladder, urethral, and prostatic neoplasia......Page 49
Colorectal neoplasia......Page 50
Other drainages......Page 51
Tumor ablation......Page 52
Intraarterial chemotherapy......Page 53
Transarterial embolization and chemoembolization......Page 54
References......Page 55
Prevalence......Page 61
Preoperative assessment......Page 62
Biopsy......Page 63
Principles of surgical excision......Page 64
Reconstructive procedures......Page 66
Diagnosis of MCTs......Page 67
Clinical staging......Page 68
Grade......Page 70
Anatomical location......Page 71
Perioperative management......Page 72
Postoperative recommendations......Page 73
Deionized or hypotonic water......Page 74
Soft tissue sarcomas......Page 75
Diagnostic strategies and preoperative planning......Page 76
Surgical aspects......Page 77
Reconstructive surgery......Page 78
Radiotherapy......Page 79
Immunotherapy......Page 80
Hemangiopericytoma......Page 81
Hemangiosarcoma......Page 82
Lymphangiosarcoma......Page 83
Melanoma......Page 84
Feline injection-site-associated sarcoma FISAS......Page 85
References......Page 86
Nasal Planum Tumors......Page 92
History and clinical signs......Page 93
Surgical technique......Page 94
Adjunctive management......Page 95
Photodynamic therapy......Page 96
Pinnectomy......Page 97
Adjunctive treatment......Page 98
Tumors of the External Ear Cana......Page 99
Diagnosis......Page 100
Treatment......Page 101
Complications......Page 103
Adjunctive treatment......Page 104
Tumors of the Middle Ear......Page 105
Ventral bulla osteotomy......Page 106
Complications......Page 107
Salivary Gland Tumors......Page 108
Diagnosis......Page 110
Treatment......Page 111
Tumors of the Lip......Page 112
Treatment......Page 113
Prognosis......Page 117
References......Page 119
Diagnosis......Page 123
Clinical staging?local tumor imaging......Page 124
General Surgical Considerations......Page 125
Analgesia......Page 126
Surgical considerations......Page 127
Anatomy......Page 128
Rostral mandibulectomy?unilateral......Page 129
Subtotal and total hemimandibulectomy......Page 131
Analgesia......Page 135
Caudal vertical ramus mandibulectomy......Page 133
Eating difficulties......Page 137
Incisional swelling......Page 138
Wound dehiscence......Page 139
Miscellaneous complications......Page 140
Rostral maxillectomy?unilateral......Page 141
Rostral maxillectomy?bilateral......Page 143
Rostral maxillectomy?bilateral combined with nasal planum resection......Page 146
Radical maxillectomy......Page 148
Caudal maxillectomy?intraoral approach......Page 150
Caudal maxillectomy?combined approach......Page 152
Surgical approach to tumors of the maxilla in cats......Page 154
Analgesia......Page 155
Miscellaneous......Page 156
Cosmetic appearance......Page 157
Wound dehiscence and oronasal fistula......Page 158
Ulcer formation secondary to trauma by teeth......Page 159
Mandibular and Maxillary Tumors in Dogs......Page 160
Fibrosarcoma......Page 162
Peripheral odontogenic fibroma......Page 163
Odontogenic tumors......Page 164
Eosinophilic granuloma......Page 165
Hard palate resection......Page 166
Anatomy......Page 167
Postoperative management......Page 168
Complications......Page 169
Radiation therapy......Page 170
Immunotherapy......Page 171
Malignant melanoma......Page 172
Canine oral SCC......Page 174
Fibrosarcoma......Page 175
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma......Page 176
Tongue......Page 177
References......Page 178
Surgical anatomy and potential procedures......Page 182
Radiography......Page 183
Esophagoscopy......Page 184
Esophageal neoplasia......Page 185
Techniques......Page 186
Adjuvant therapies and outcome......Page 188
Diagnostic workup and biopsy techniques......Page 189
Anatomy......Page 190
Partial gastrectomy......Page 191
Billroth I pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy......Page 193
Gastric lymph node dissection......Page 194
Aftercare......Page 195
Potential complications......Page 196
Common tumors for which this procedure is performed......Page 197
Diagnostic workup and biopsy techniques......Page 198
Incisional biopsy and partial lobectomy......Page 201
Complete lobectomy......Page 202
Aftercare......Page 205
Hepatocellular......Page 206
Bile duct......Page 207
Mesenchymal......Page 209
Pancreatic vasculature......Page 210
Fine-needle aspiration......Page 211
Aftercare......Page 212
Imaging of endocrine pancreatic tumors Insulinoma......Page 213
Gastrinoma......Page 214
Insulinoma......Page 215
Potential complications of surgery for insulinoma......Page 216
Gastrinoma......Page 217
Surgery for exocrine tumors......Page 218
Diagnostic workup and biopsy techniques......Page 219
Anatomy......Page 220
Simple interrupted intestinal anastomosis......Page 221
Aftercare......Page 223
Dehiscence......Page 224
Common tumors for which this procedure is performed......Page 225
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 226
Ultrasound......Page 228
Typhlectomy......Page 230
Colectomy......Page 232
Potential complications......Page 233
Colorectal resection variable portions of both descending colon and rectum......Page 235
Dorsal inverted dorsal perineal approach......Page 236
Transanal pull-through procedure......Page 237
Caudal abdominal approach with either sagittal pubic symphyseal separation or osteotomy......Page 238
The so-called Swenson’s pull-through and modifications......Page 240
Surgical palliation......Page 241
Additional technical details for colorectal anastomosis......Page 242
Potential complications......Page 243
Dogs......Page 245
Cats......Page 247
Clinical workup and biopsy procedures......Page 248
Imaging techniques......Page 250
Surgical techniques and procedures......Page 251
En bloc excision with or without anoplasty......Page 252
Anal sac removal......Page 253
Resection of metastases......Page 254
Potential complications......Page 256
Common perianal tumors and prognosis......Page 260
Anal sac adenocarcinoma......Page 261
Adjuvant therapies......Page 263
References......Page 265
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 275
Imaging techniques......Page 276
Dorsal rhinotomy......Page 278
Ventral rhinotomy......Page 279
Temporary carotid artery occlusion......Page 280
Common nasal tumors......Page 282
Biopsy principles......Page 283
Vocal cordectomy laryngectomy......Page 284
Epiglottectomy......Page 285
Total laryngectomy......Page 286
Aftercare......Page 287
Thoracotomy......Page 288
Intercostal thoracotomy......Page 289
Median sternotomy......Page 293
Aftercare......Page 294
Imaging......Page 295
Resection and anastomosis......Page 296
Surgical approaches......Page 298
Tension-relieving techniques......Page 299
Aftercare......Page 300
Common tumor types......Page 301
Surgical anatomy......Page 302
Biopsy procedures......Page 303
Imaging tests......Page 304
Lung lobectomy......Page 305
Partial lobectomy......Page 306
Complete lobectomy......Page 307
Pneumonectomy......Page 309
Thoracoscopy......Page 311
Types of lung tumors......Page 312
Adjuvant therapy......Page 314
Prognosis......Page 315
Metastasectomy for Sarcomas......Page 316
Imaging tests......Page 317
Rib tumors......Page 318
Reconstruction after thoracic wall resection......Page 320
Sternectomy......Page 322
Cosmetic and functional outcome......Page 324
References......Page 326
Biopsy techniques......Page 331
Diagnostic tests and imaging modalities......Page 332
Surgical techniques......Page 333
Common tumor types and prognosis......Page 335
Surgical techniques......Page 336
Diagnostic tests and imaging modalities......Page 337
Diagnostic tests and imaging modalities......Page 338
Surgical techniques......Page 339
References......Page 340
Ovarian tumors......Page 342
Histologic tumor types and prognosis......Page 343
Histologic tumor types......Page 344
Regional mastectomy......Page 346
Histologic types and prognosis......Page 348
Surgery......Page 350
Diagnostic imaging......Page 351
Histologic types......Page 352
Prognosis......Page 353
Subcapsular partial prostatectomy......Page 354
Tube cystostomy......Page 356
Urethral stenting......Page 357
Transurethral resection......Page 358
Histologic tumor types and prognosis......Page 359
Penile amputation......Page 360
References......Page 361
Kidney......Page 365
Cystoscopic biopsy......Page 366
Ultrasonography......Page 367
Nuclear scintigraphy......Page 368
Partial nephrectomy......Page 369
Histologic tumor types and prognosis......Page 370
Functional outcome and potential complications......Page 371
Partial cystectomy......Page 372
Total cystectomy......Page 374
Functional outcome and potential complications......Page 375
Adjuvant therapy......Page 376
Urethral resection with vagino-urethroplasty......Page 377
Urethral stenting......Page 378
Transurethral resection......Page 379
Radiation......Page 380
References......Page 381
Clinical Workup and Biopsy Principles......Page 383
Surgical resection......Page 384
Advancement flap......Page 385
Semicircular flap......Page 386
Bucket handle or bridge fap......Page 387
Cryosurgery......Page 388
Histologic tumor types and prognosis......Page 389
Surgical techniques......Page 390
Presenting signs and differential diagnosis......Page 391
Exenteration......Page 392
Primary anterior uveal neoplasia......Page 395
Orbitectomy......Page 396
Total orbitectomy with removal of the eye......Page 397
Superior orbitectomy......Page 399
Postoperative care......Page 400
Cosmetic and functional outcome, potential complications......Page 401
References......Page 403
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 405
Surgical techniques......Page 406
Transphenoidal hypophysectomy when CT has been performed......Page 407
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy when sinus venography has been performed......Page 408
Postoperative care......Page 409
Histologic tumor types......Page 410
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 411
Imaging techniques......Page 412
Preoperative management......Page 413
Ventral midline approach......Page 414
Flank approach......Page 416
Postoperative care......Page 417
Cosmetic and functional outcome, potential complications......Page 418
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 419
Surgical techniques......Page 420
Cosmetic and functional outcome, potential complications......Page 422
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 424
Surgical techniques......Page 425
Postoperative care......Page 426
Histologic tumor types......Page 427
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 428
Surgical techniques......Page 429
Cosmetic and functional outcome, potential complications......Page 431
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 433
Preoperative management......Page 434
Surgical technique......Page 435
Postoperative care......Page 436
Histologic tumor types......Page 437
References......Page 438
Biopsy technique......Page 442
Surgical anatomy......Page 443
Total splenectomy......Page 444
Potential complications associated with splenectomy......Page 446
Prognosis and adjuvant therapy......Page 447
Imaging techniques......Page 448
Paraneoplastic syndromes......Page 449
Surgical technique......Page 451
Adjuvant treatments......Page 452
Techniques......Page 453
Imaging techniques......Page 454
Lymphangioma and lymphangiosarcoma......Page 459
References......Page 461
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 464
Preoperative care and anesthesia......Page 465
Approaches to brain and calvarium General issues and considerations......Page 466
Modified bilateral transfrontal sinus craniotomy......Page 469
Rostrotentorial and caudotentorial craniotomy......Page 470
Endoscopic-assisted brain tumor removal......Page 472
Histologic tumor types and prognosis......Page 473
Adjuvant therapy......Page 474
Clinical workup and biopsy principles......Page 475
General considerations......Page 477
Approaches to spinal tumors......Page 478
Dorsal laminectomy......Page 479
Vertebrectomy spondylectomy......Page 480
Complications......Page 481
Histologic types and prognosis......Page 482
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors......Page 484
Lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy......Page 485
References......Page 486
Biopsy techniques......Page 490
Tissue processing and pathology interpretation......Page 491
Magnetic resonance imaging......Page 493
Nuclear scintigraphy......Page 494
Positron emission tomography and single photonemission computed tomography......Page 495
Analgesia......Page 496
Forequarter amputation......Page 497
Functional outcome......Page 502
Applicable tumors and patient selection......Page 507
Surgical technique......Page 508
Cosmetic and functional outcome and postoperative care......Page 510
Prognosis......Page 511
Surgical technique......Page 512
Endoprosthesis......Page 516
Potential complications......Page 518
Alternative limb-sparing techniques......Page 520
Applicable tumors......Page 524
Surgical technique......Page 525
Postoperative care......Page 528
Incidence and risk factors......Page 529
Pathology and natural behavior......Page 531
History and clinical signs......Page 532
Prognostic factors......Page 533
Chondrosarcoma......Page 534
Fibrosarcoma......Page 535
Metastatic tumors of bone......Page 536
Benign tumors of bone......Page 537
Osteosarcoma......Page 538
Patient selection......Page 539
Surgical technique......Page 541
Prognosis......Page 542
Imaging techniques......Page 544
Biopsy principles......Page 545
Surgical technique......Page 546
Patient selection......Page 548
Prognosis......Page 550
Infiltrative lipoma......Page 551
Hemangiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and infiltrative lipoma......Page 552
Intermuscular lipoma......Page 553
Rhabdomyosarcoma......Page 554
Osteosarcoma and chemotherapy......Page 555
Osteosarcoma and radiation therapy......Page 556
Stereotactic radiosurgery......Page 557
Chondrosarcoma......Page 558
References......Page 559
Index......Page 568