Veterinary Parasitology

VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 17
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
Natural Infections......Page 19
Transmission by an Intermediate Host......Page 20
Direct Transmission......Page 21
Experimentally-Induced Infections......Page 23
General External Symptoms......Page 24
Histomonosis in Turkeys......Page 25
Histomonosis in Chickens......Page 27
Effect on Serum and Tissue Molecules......Page 28
H. Meleagridis in the Host......Page 29
Histomonas Meleagridis in Heterakis......Page 31
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION......Page 32
CULTURING HISTOMONAS MELEAGRIDIS......Page 33
Nitroimidazoles......Page 36
Nitrofurans......Page 37
Nitrothiazoles and Related Compounds......Page 38
Arsenical Compounds......Page 39
Benzimidazoles......Page 40
Phytoproducts......Page 41
IMMUNITY AGAINST H. MELEAGRIDIS......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 44
Nigeria’s Livestock Resources......Page 65
Constraints of Livestock Production in Nigeria......Page 67
PARASITE RESISTANCE IN NIGERIA AND OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES......Page 68
PARASITE VACCINES VERSUS DRUG RESISTANCE......Page 69
BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF PARASITE RESISTANCE......Page 73
MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MECHANISMS  OF PARASITE RESISTANCE......Page 83
THE ROLE OF EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES  IN PARASITE CONTROL......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 87
ABSTRACT......Page 103
Diagnostic Examinations......Page 104
ECTOPARASITES......Page 105
Knemidokoptes......Page 106
Trichomonas......Page 107
Giardia......Page 108
Caryospora......Page 109
Trematoda (Flukes)......Page 110
Cestoda (Tapeworms)......Page 111
Capillaria......Page 112
Serratospiculum......Page 113
Blood Parasites......Page 115
Plasmodium......Page 116
Haemoproteus......Page 117
Microsporidiosis Caused by Enterocytozoon Bieneusi......Page 118
Cryptosporidia......Page 120
West-Nile Virus......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 122
ABSTRACT......Page 127
EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 128
INITIAL IMMUNE RESPONSE......Page 130
Skin......Page 131
From Skin to other Organs......Page 132
Blood Compartment......Page 134
CONCLUSION......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 137
ABSTRACT......Page 145
LIFE CYCLE AND TRANSMISSION OF THE PARASITE......Page 146
POSSIBILITY OF SYLVATIC CYCLE IN SPAIN......Page 147
2. Serology......Page 148
3. Analysis of Aborted Fetuses......Page 149
ENDOGENOUS VERTICAL TRANSMISSION IS THE MAIN TRANSMISSION OF N. CANINUM IN DAIRY HERDS IN NORTH-EASTERN SPAIN......Page 150
NEOSPORA CANINUM  INFECTION IN ANIMALS CHRONICALLY-INFECTED PRIOR TO PREGNANCY EXERT A SIGNIFICANT ABORTIFACIENT EFFECT AFTER 90 DAYS OF GESTATION BUT NOT BEFORE......Page 151
ANNUAL SEROLOGICAL SCREENING FOR N. CANINUM CAN BE AN EFFECTIVE AND RAPID METHOD OF DETECTING N. CANINUM INFECTION AND RELATED RISK OF ABORTION......Page 153
REPEATED ABORTION RATES IN  N. CANINUM-INFECTED COWS......Page 154
ANTIBODY DYNAMICS IN DAIRY CATTLE CHRONICALLY-INFECTED WITH N. CANINUM......Page 155
NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION DOES NOT AFFECT THE FERTILITY OF HIGH-PRODUCING DAIRY COWS......Page 157
IN COWS WITH HIGH N. CANINUM ANTIBODY TITRES, SUPPLEMENTARY PROGESTERONE AT MID-GESTATION INCREASES ABORTION......Page 158
NEOSPORA CANINUM DOES NOT SEEM TO AFFECT PLACENTAL FUNCTION IN THOSE ANIMALS SEROPOSITIVE THAT DO NOT ABORT......Page 159
ROLE OF INTERFERON-GAMMA (IFN-Γ) IN PROTECTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN NATURALLY- INFECTED N. CANINUM COWS......Page 161
CONTROL AND PREVENTION: THE USE OF BEEF BULL SEMEN REDUCES THE RISK OF ABORTION IN N. CANINUM SEROPOSITIVE DAIRY CATTLE......Page 162
REFERENCES......Page 165
ABSTRACT......Page 173
INTRODUCTION......Page 174
ALTERATIONS IN CYTOKINE PROFILES DURING INFECTION......Page 177
CELL ADHESION MOLECULES......Page 181
MUCINS AND MUCIN BIOSYNTHESIS......Page 183
PERTURBATION IN PATHWAYS AND REGULATORY NETWORKS......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 188
ABSTRACT......Page 195
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 196
2.1. Morphology of L. douglassii and L. dentatus......Page 197
2.2. Life Cycle......Page 199
3. DISTRIBUTION AND PREVALENCE......Page 201
4. PATHOLOGY......Page 202
5.2.1. Feces examination: Eggs and Infective Larvae Observations......Page 203
6. METHODS OF CONTROL......Page 204
6.1. Anthelmintics Treatment......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 206
INTRODUCTION......Page 209
GENITAL LESIONS AND VENEREAL  TRANSMISSION OF CANINE VL......Page 211
CONCLUSION......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 214
ABSTRACT......Page 217
PARASITE LIFE CYCLE......Page 218
EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 219
PATHOGENESIS OF GIARDIA......Page 222
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS......Page 223
DIAGNOSIS......Page 224
Immunological Diagnosis......Page 225
Chemotherapeutic Treatment......Page 226
Paromomycin......Page 227
Vaccination......Page 228
Measures to Prevent Infection......Page 229
REFERENCES......Page 230
ABSTRACT......Page 239
INTRODUCTION......Page 240
EXCRETORY-SECRETORY (ES) PRODUCTS: CHOICE ANTIGEN FOR P. TENUIS SERODIAGNOSIS......Page 242
STANDARDIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF P. TENUIS ELISA TESTS AND REAGENTS, ESPECIALLY LARVAL EXCRETORY-SECRETORY PRODUCTS AND CONJUGATES......Page 245
VALIDATION OF P. TENUIS ELISAS......Page 246
CAN A SEROLOGICAL TEST, SUCH AS A P. TENUIS ELISA TEST, DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN A CURRENTLY-INFECTED HOST AND ANOTHER THAT HAS OVERCOME THE PARASITE?......Page 250
CONCLUSION......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 252
ABSTRACT......Page 257
INTRODUCTION......Page 258
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 259
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 260
CONCLUSION......Page 263
REFERENCES......Page 264
ABSTRACT......Page 267
INTRODUCTION......Page 268
Preparation of Subcellular Fractions......Page 270
HPLC analysis of ABZ and Its Metabolites......Page 271
LC-MS......Page 272
Enzyme Assays......Page 273
Activities of Oxidation Enzymes in Lancet Fluke In Vitro......Page 275
Activities of Reduction Enzymes in Lancet Fluke In Vitro......Page 277
Activities of Conjugation Enzymes in Lancet Fluke In Vitro......Page 278
Biotransformation of Albendazole (ABZ) in Lancet Fluke In Vitro and  Ex Vivo......Page 279
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 282
REFERENCES......Page 283
ABSTRACT......Page 287
INTRODUCTION......Page 288
EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 289
PATHOLOGY......Page 290
DIAGNOSIS......Page 291
RECENT APPROACHES IN SEROLOGICAL METHODS TO THE DETECTION OF PARASITIC TREMATODOSIS......Page 292
c) ELISA......Page 293
3) Electroelution......Page 294
2) Electroelution......Page 295
3) ELISA......Page 296
Electroeluted fractions......Page 297
DISCUSSION......Page 298
REFERENCES......Page 300
ABSTRACT......Page 305
INTRODUCTION......Page 306
ANIMAL MODELS......Page 309
THE CBI-IGE MODEL......Page 311
CONCLUSION......Page 314
REFERENCES......Page 315
INDEX......Page 319