Veterinary medicines in the environment: from the SETAC Pellston workshop on veterinary medicines in the environment, Pensacola, Florida, USA, 12-16 February 2006

 Content: Introduction, M. Crane, K. Barrett, and A. Boxall References Use of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment, A. Boxall, M. Crane, C. Corsing, C. Eirkson, and A. Tait Introduction Veterinary Medicine Use Pathways to the Environment Summary References Environmental Risk Assessment and Management of Veterinary Medicines, J. de Knecht, T. Boucard, B. Brooks, M. Crane, S. Gerould, J. Koschorreck, G. Scheef, K. Solomon, and Z. YanIntroduction Veterinary medicines in regulatory perspective Refinement of VMP Risk Assessments Risk Management References Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems, C. Metcalfe, A. Boxall, K. Fenner, D. Kolpin, M. Servos, E. Silberhorn, and J. Staveley Introduction Sources of Veterinary Medicines in the Aquatic Environment Experimental Studies into the Entry, FATE, and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems Conclusions References Assessing the Aquatic Hazards of Veterinary Medicines, B.W. Brooks, G.T. Ankley, J.F. Hobson, J.M. Lazorchak, R.D. Meyerhoff, and K.R. Solomon Introduction Protection Goals Approaches to Assess Effects of Veterinary Medicines Application Factors and Species Sensitivities Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Natural Environment Conclusions References Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Terrestrial Systems, L. Pope, A. Boxall, C. Corsing, B. Halling-Sorensen, A. Tait, and E. Topp Introduction Absorption and Excretion by Animals Fate during Manure Storage Releases to the Environment Factors Affecting Dissipation in the Farm Environment Uptake by Plants Models for Estimating the Concentration of Veterinary Medicine in Soil  Research Needs References Assessing the Effects of Veterinary Medicines on the Terrestrial Environment, K. Barrett, K. Floate, J. Jensen, J. Robinson, and N. Tolson Introduction Considerations Unique to Veterinary Medicines Protection Goals Tiered Testing Strategy Justification for Existing Testing Methods Use of Indicator Species Short-Term/Sublethal Effects Tests Tier A Testing Tier B Testing Tier C Testing Calculation of PNEC Concentrations and Use of Assessment Factors Metabolite Testing in Tiers A and B Secondary Poisoning Bound Residues Alternative Endpoints Modeling Population and Ecosystem Effects (e.g., Bioindicator Approaches) Research Needs References Workshop Conclusions and Recommendations, M. Crane, K. Barrett, and A. Boxall Workshop Conclusions Workshop Recommendations Index