VASCULAR NEUROLOGY BOARD REVIEW : an essential study guide.

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
CHAPTER 1: How to Prepare for the Exam
	Introduction
	Registering for the Exam
	Day of Exam
	Exam Format
	Preparing for the Test
	Maintenance of Certification (MOC) Fellowship Waiver
	MOC Examination
CHAPTER 2: Initial Stroke Evaluation
	Introduction
	Expedited History and Physical (in the Emergency Department)
		Chief Complaint (Obtained from the Patient, Family, or EMS)
		History of Presenting Illness
		Past Medical History
		Medications
		Family History
		Social History
		Allergies
		Review of Systems
		Physical Examination
		Laboratory Studies
	Imaging
	Management
CHAPTER 3: Vascular Neuroanatomy
	Introduction
	Blood-Brain Barrier
		Structures
	Vessel Formation and Structure
	Anterior Circulation Anatomy
		Eye
	Posterior Circulation Anatomy
	Collateral Circulation and Anastomoses
	Cerebral Venous System
	Spinal Cord Vasculature and Ischemia
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 4: Stroke Syndromes
	Introduction
	Localization Tips
	Anterior Circulation Syndromes
		Neuro-ophthalmology
	Auditory Disorders and Stroke
	Posterior Circulation Syndromes
	Malignant Strokes
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 5: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
	Introduction
	Epidemiology
	Non-modifiable Risk Factors
	Modifiable Risk Factors
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 6: Stroke Pathophysiology
	Introduction
	Normal Hemostasis, Energy, and Volume Regulation
	Cellular Response to Cerebral Ischemia
	Cerebral Autoregulation
	Disrupted Cerebral Autoregulation
	Mechanisms of Secondary Injury
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 7: Classification of Stroke
	Introduction
	Classifications of Ischemia
		Vasculitis (Inflammatory Vasculopathy)
		Large Artery Vasculitis
		Medium Artery Vasculitis
		Small to Medium Artery Vasculitis
		Microcirculation
		Infectious Vasculitis
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 8: Stroke Treatment, Early Management, and Secondary Prevention
	Introduction
	Acute Stroke Treatment
		IV tPA
		Blood Pressure Management in Acute Stroke Setting
		Telemedicine, “Drip and Ship”
		Endovascular Treatment
		Late Window/Wake-Up Strokes
		In-Hospital Stroke Management
	Antiplatelet Agents for Secondary Stroke Prevention
		Carotid Endarterectomy
		Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS)
		Carotid Dissection
		Sympathetic Pathway and Horner’s Syndrome
		Transient Ischemic Attacks
		Management of Risk Factors
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 9: Clinical Cardiology
	Introduction
	Atrial Fibrillation
	Treatment of Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
	Sick Sinus Syndrome
	Patent Foramen Ovale
	Endocarditis
	Other Cardiac Conditions
	Echo Images (Figs. 9-4, 9-5, and 9-6)
	Suggested Readings
CHAPTER 10: Genetic Stroke Syndromes
	Introduction
	Useful Concepts in Medical and Population Genetics
	Mendelian Conditions Associated with Ischemic Stroke
	Mendelian Conditions Associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
	Suggested Readings
CHAPTER 11: Special Populations
	Introduction
	Pediatric Stroke
		Congenital Heart Disease
		Vasculopathies of Childhood
		Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Children
		Workup for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke
		Management of Acute Pediatric Stroke
		Other Conditions
	Young Adults
	Pregnancy
		Acute Stroke Workup and Treatment in Pregnant Patients
			Anticoagulation in Pregnancy
	Postmenopausal Women
		Stroke and Substance Abuse
	Cancer Patients
	Patients with Renal Disease
	Sarcoidosis
	Testosterone and Thrombosis
	Suggested Readings
CHAPTER 12: Complications of Stroke
	Introduction
	CAUSES OF EARLY NEUROLOGICAL DECLINE
	Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
	Speech and Swallow
	Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction
	Psychiatric Disturbances
	Other Complications
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 13: Intracranial Hemorrhage
	Introduction
	Primary and Secondary Hemorrhage
	Diagnosis of ICH
	Treatment of ICH
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 14: Vascular Malformations of the Brain and Spine
	Introduction
	Shunting Lesions
	Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
	Spine Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
	Brain Dural Arteriovenous Malformation
	Spine Dural Arteriovenous Malformation
	Intracranial Aneurysms
	Saccular (Berry) Aneurysm
	Fusiform Aneurysms
	Mycotic Aneurysms
	Cavernous Malformations
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 15: Hematologic Disorders
	Introduction
	Evaluation
	Thrombus Formation
	Hypercoagulable Conditions
	Platelet Disorders
	Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 16: Neuroradiology
	Introduction
	Computed Tomography (CT)
	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
	Vessel Imaging
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 17: Vascular Cognitive Disorders
	Introduction
	General Considerations
	Clinicopathological Correlation
	Genetics
	Diagnosis of Vascular Cognitive Disorders
	Treatment
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 18: Stroke Rehab
	Introduction
	Goals of Rehab
	Natural History of Motor Recovery
	Mechanisms of Recovery
	Scales
	Rehab Techniques and Approaches
	Specific Deficits
	Poststroke Depression
	Driving
	Work
	Rehabilitation Facilities
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 19: Pharmacology
	IntrodUctioN
	Antihypertensives
	Diabetes Mellitus
	Hyperlipidemia
	Atrial Fibrillation
	Antiplatelet Agents
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 20: Stroke Systems of Care
	Introduction
	Prehospital Stroke Care
	TeleStroke
	Stroke Center Designations
		Primary Stroke Center (PSC)
		Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC)
		Acute Stroke Ready Hospital (ASRH)
		Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Center (TSC)
		Stroke Quality Measures
	Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 21: Perioperative Stroke
	Introduction
	Perioperative Stroke
	Decision-Making Based on Procedural Bleeding Risk
	Postoperative VTE Risk
	Agent-Specific Perioperative Management
	Timing of Surgery with Stroke
	Suggested Reading
Index