Valve selection handbook

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
1 Fundamentals......Page 14
1 Pressure Relief Valves......Page 15
1 Units of Measurements......Page 16
1 Standards......Page 17
Leakage Criterion......Page 18
Proving Fluid Tightness......Page 19
Sealability Against Liquids......Page 21
Sealability Against Gases......Page 22
Mechanism for Closing Leakage Passages......Page 23
Metal Seatings......Page 24
Soft Seatings......Page 26
Flat Metallic Gaskets......Page 27
Compressed Asbestos Fiber Gaskets......Page 28
Gaskets of Exfoliated Graphite......Page 29
Spiral Wound Gaskets......Page 30
Gasket Blowout......Page 32
Compression Packings......Page 33
Lip-Type Packings......Page 37
Squeeze-Type Packings......Page 38
Diaphragm Valve Stem Seals......Page 39
Resistance Coefficient......Page 40
Flow Coefficient C[sub(v)]......Page 45
Flow Coefficient K[sub(v)]......Page 46
Flow Coefficient A[sub(v)]......Page 47
Relationship Between Resistance Coefficient and Valve Opening Position......Page 48
Cavitation of Valves......Page 50
Waterhammer from Valve Operation......Page 52
Attenuation of Valve Noise......Page 56
3 Grouping of Valves by Method of Flow Regulation......Page 58
Valves for Fluids with Solids in Suspension......Page 60
Valve End Connections......Page 61
Valve Ratings......Page 62
Valve Selection Chart......Page 63
3 Globe Valves......Page 64
Valve Body Patterns......Page 65
Valve Seatings......Page 70
Inside and Outside Stem Screw......Page 73
Bonnet Joints......Page 74
Stuffing Boxes and Back Seating......Page 75
Standards Pertaining to Globe Valves......Page 77
Construction......Page 78
3 Parallel Gate Valves......Page 82
Conventional Parallel Gate Valves......Page 83
Conduit Gate Valves......Page 87
3 Wedge Gate Valves......Page 92
Variations of Wedge Design......Page 95
Wedge Guide Design......Page 99
Standards Pertaining to Wedge Gate Valves......Page 101
3 Plug Valves......Page 103
Cylindrical Plug Valves......Page 105
Taper Plug Valves......Page 108
Plug Valves for Fire Exposure......Page 111
Face-to-Face Dimensions and Valve Patterns......Page 112
Standards Pertaining to Plug Valves......Page 113
Seat Materials for Ball Valves......Page 114
Ball Valves for Fire Exposure......Page 121
Ball Valves for Cryogenic Service......Page 122
Face-to-Face Dimensions......Page 123
3 Butterfly Valves......Page 125
Torque Characteristic of Butterfly Valves......Page 139
Standards Pertaining to Butterfly Valves......Page 142
Open and Enclosed Pinch Valves......Page 143
Flow Control with Fluid-Pressure Operated Pinch Valves......Page 145
Valve Body......Page 146
Standards Pertaining to Pinch Valves......Page 147
3 Diaphragm Valves......Page 148
Weir-Type Diaphragm Valves......Page 149
Straight-Through Diaphragm Valves......Page 150
Construction Materials......Page 151
Operational Limitations......Page 152
Standards Pertaining to Diaphragm Valves......Page 153
Galling of Valve Parts......Page 154
Standards Pertaining to Stainless Steel Valves......Page 155
Grouping of Check Valves......Page 156
Operation of Check Valves......Page 161
Application of Mathematics to the Operation of Check Valves......Page 164
Lift Check Valves......Page 165
Swing Check Valves......Page 166
Tilting-Disc Check Valves......Page 167
Diaphragm Check Valves......Page 168
Dashpots......Page 169
Standards Pertaining to Check Valves......Page 170
5 Principal Types of Pressure Relief Valves......Page 171
Pressure Relief Valves......Page 173
System Characteristics......Page 175
Device Characteristics......Page 176
Review......Page 178
Safety Valves......Page 181
Safety Relief Valves......Page 184
Liquid Relief Valves......Page 190
Vacuum Relief Valves......Page 193
Direct-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves with Auxiliary Actuator......Page 195
Oscillation Dampers......Page 201
Certification of Valve Performance......Page 203
Force/Lift Diagrams as an Aid for Predicting the Operational Behavior of Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves......Page 204
Secondary Back Pressure from Flow-Through Valve Body......Page 211
Verification of Operating Data of Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves Prior to and after Installation......Page 213
Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves with Direct-Acting Pilot......Page 215
Stable Operation of Valves with On/Off Pilots......Page 222
Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves with Indirect-Acting Pilot......Page 224
6 Rupture Discs......Page 227
6 Terminology......Page 228
6 Application of Rupture Discs......Page 229
6 Construction Materials of Rupture Discs......Page 231
6 Temperature and Burst Pressure Relationships......Page 233
6 Rupture Disc Application Parameters......Page 234
Tension-Loaded Types......Page 236
Compression-Loaded Types......Page 243
Graphite Rupture Discs......Page 252
Rupture Disc Holders......Page 255
Quick-Change Housings......Page 257
Double Disc Assemblies......Page 259
Selecting Rupture Discs......Page 261
Rupture Disc Device in Combination with Pressure Relief Valve......Page 262
User\'s Responsibility......Page 265
7 Sizing Pressure Relief Devices......Page 269
7 Sizing of Pressure Relief Valves Gas, Vapor, Steam......Page 273
Sizing Equations for Gas and Vapor other than Steam......Page 274
Sizing Equations for Dry Saturated Steam......Page 277
7 Sizing Equations for Liquids Flow......Page 280
Influence of Inlet Pressure Loss on Valve Discharge Capacity......Page 283
7 Sizing of Inlet Piping to Pressure Relief Valves......Page 284
7 Sizing of Discharge Piping of Pressure Relief Valves......Page 285
Sizing of Rupture Discs......Page 286
Rupture Disc Sizing for Nonviolent Pressure Excursions......Page 287
Sizing Equations for Gas or Vapor......Page 288
Rupture Disc Sizing for Violent Pressure Excursions in Low-Strength Containers......Page 290
APPENDIX A: ASME Code Safety Valve Rules......Page 292
APPENDIX B: Properties of Fluids......Page 296
APPENDIX C: Standards Pertaining to Valves......Page 303
APPENDIX D: International System of Units (S.I.)......Page 312
References......Page 330
G......Page 334
R......Page 335
V......Page 336