Use of AI, Robotics, and Modern Tools to Fight Covid-19

Cover
Use of AI, Robotics, and Modern Tools to Fight Covid-19
RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN AUTOMATION,
CONTROL AND ROBOTICS
Use of AI, Robotics, and Modern Tools to Fight Covid-19
Copyrights
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
List of Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Notations and Abbreviations
1 The History of Pandemics and Evolution So Far
	Puneet Joshi, Swati Shukla
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Definition Of Pandemics
	1.3 History Of Pandemics
		1.3.1 Prehistoric Epidemic
		1.3.2 Modern Epidemics
	1.4 Attributes Of A Pandemic
	1.5 Origin Of The Coronavirus Or Covid-19
		1.5.1 Pathophysiology
		1.5.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Transmission
		1.5.3 Diagnosis
		1.5.4 Prevention
		1.5.5 Management
	1.6 Types Of Covid-19
	1.7 Vaccine
	1.8 Pandemic Impacts
	1.9 Conclusion
	References
2 Tracing the Origins of COVID-19
	Vidushee Nautiyal, Rakhi Pandey
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 History of the Virus
		2.2.1 Influenza
		2.2.2 Seasonal Flu
		2.2.3 2002–2004: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
		2.2.4 2009 (H1N1) Flu Pandemic
		2.2.5 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-COV) - 2012
		2.2.6 2014–2016 Ebola
	2.3 Genetic Sequence of Sars-Cov-2
	2.4 Transmission and Diagnosis
	2.5 Conclusion
	2.6 Acknowledgment
	References
3 AI for COVID-19: The Journey So Far
	Abhinav Sharma, Arpit Jain, Mangey Ram
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Artificial Intelligence
	3.3 Potential Contribution of Ai Against Covid-19
		3.3.1 Diagnosis of Disease
		3.3.2 Discovery of Drug and Vaccine
		3.3.3 Prediction of Mortality and Survival Rate
		3.3.4 Contact Tracing
		3.3.5 Robotics and Health Care
		3.3.6 COVID-19 Chatbots
		3.3.7 Prevent Further Spread of Disease
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 Technological Opportunities to Fight COVID-19 for Indian Scenario
	Meera C. S., Aslesha Bodavula, Pinisetti Swami Sairam
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Technological Interventions
		4.2.1 Robotic Technologies in COVID-19
		4.2.2 Smart Surveillance Systems
		4.2.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
		4.2.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics
		4.2.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
	4.3 Conclusion
	References
5 Mobile Robots in COVID-19
	Prashant Kumar Dwivedi
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 What is Mobile Robot
		5.1.2 Components of Mobile Robots
		5.1.3 Mobile Robots and COVID-19
	5.2 Requirements of Mobile Robots in Pandemic Situation
	5.3 Innovation and Classification of Mobile Robots
	5.4 Future Scope and Challenges
		5.4.1 Challenges During Development Phase
		5.4.2 Challenges During Deployment Phase
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Predictor System for Tracing COVID-19 Spread
	Kuldeep Panwar, Supriya Pandey, Kamal Rawat, Neeraj Bisht
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Various Prediction Methods
	6.3 Case Study - Prediction of Effective Reproductive Number for India
	6.4 Results and Discussions
	6.5 Conclusion
	References
7 Discovery of Robust Distributions of COVID-19 Spread
	Chhaya Kulkarni, Sandipan Dey, Vandana Janeja
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Methodology
		7.2.1 Data Preprocessing
		7.2.2 Temporal Analysis
		7.2.3 Distribution Detection
		7.2.4 Outlier Detection
	7.3 Experimental Results
		7.3.1 Geospatial Context of the Data
		7.3.2 Results
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 Toward Smart Hospital: An Intelligent Personnel Scheduling Using Evolutionary Algorithms
	Tan Nhat Pham, Son Vu Truong Dao
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Methodology
		8.2.1 Data Collection
		8.2.2 Mathematical Model Development
		8.2.3 Discrete GWO with a Novel Neighborhood Search Operator
	8.3 Computational Results
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9 Role of Artificial Intelligence Based Wireless Sensor Network for Pandemic Control: A Case Study Using CupCarbon
	Paawan Sharma, Hardik Patel, Mohendra Roy
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Proposed Analysis
	9.3 Modeling and Simulation
	9.4 Results and Discussions
		9.4.1 Application in Pandemic Control
	9.5 Conclusion
	References
10 Peculiarities of Technical Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
	Iosif Z. Aronov, Anna M. Rybakova, Nataliia M. Galkina
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Application of Tbt Measures By Wto Members
	10.3 Peculiarities of Application of Standardization Tools During the Pandemic
		10.3.1 Standard Accessibility in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
		10.3.2 Development of Standardization Documents in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
	10.4 Main Conclusions and Recommendations from the Analysis of TBT Measures During the Covid-19 Pandemic
	10.5 Acknowledgements
	References
11 Climate Change and COVID-19: An Interplay
	Vibhu Jately, Jyoti Joshi, Rajendra Kumar Jatley
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Comparison OF Two Disruptors, The Climate Risk, and Covid-19
		11.2.1 Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Climate Change and COVID-19
		11.2.2 Short-Term Effects of the Current Pandemic
		11.2.3 Long-Term Effects of the Pandemic
		11.2.4 Short-Term Effects of Climate Change
		11.2.5 Long-Term Effects of Climate Change
		11.2.6 Searching Ways to Mitigate
		11.2.7 Common Features
		11.2.8 Features that Make Them Different
		11.2.9 Mitigating the Risk by Avoiding its Multiplication
	11.3 Trends in CO2 and GHG Emission Levels
	11.4 Effect of Covid-19 on Emission Levels and on Energy Demand
	11.5 How to Move Forward
	11.5.1 Responses Helpful in Saving the Environment
	11.5.2 Pitfalls in Road that Can Blur the Focus of Stakeholders for Reducing Emissions
	11.5.3 Road Map for the Planners
	11.6 Conclusion
	11.7 Acknowledgements
	References
12 COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Era in Higher Education
	Sriperumbuduru Srilaya, Sirisha Velampalli
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Covid-19 Impact on Higher Education
		12.2.1 All Educational Activities are Disrupted
		12.2.2 Turndown in Employment Opportunities
		12.2.3 Impact on Academic Research and Professional Development
		12.2.4 Attendance of Students May Slow Down
		12.2.5 National and International Student Mobility for Higher Study May Be Reduced
	12.3 Challenges of India for Higher Education During Covid-19
		12.3.1 Virtual Platforms in Higher Education at Times of COVID-19
	12.4 Challenges Undertaken for Digitalizing Sector in Higher Education
		12.4.1 Resource and Internet Connectivity
		12.4.2 Shortage of Trained Teachers
		12.4.3 Content-Related Challenges
		12.4.4 Poor Maintenance and Upgradation of Digital Equipment
		12.4.5 Inadequate Funds
	12.5 Post-Covid-19 (Digitalization: A New Phenomenon in Higher Education
		12.5.1 Urge for Distance Learning and Online Learning May Grow
		12.5.2 Blending Teaching and Learning with Technology
		12.5.3 New Design in Assessment System
		12.5.4 Online Learning Helped Us to Tackle the Crisis
		12.6 Conclusion
	12.7 Acknowledgment
	References
13 Virtual Reality: Solution to Reduce the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Economy
	Sushma Malik, Anamika Rana
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Impact of Covid-19 on the Economy
		13.2.1 Tourism Industry
		13.2.2 Automobile Industry
		13.2.3 Agriculture
		13.2.4 Aviation Industry
		13.2.5 Oil Industry
		13.2.6 Construction Industry
		13.2.7 Food Industry
		13.2.8 Healthcare and Medical Industry
	13.3 Domain Moving Toward Virtual Reality for Survival
		13.3.1 Education
		13.3.2 Hospital
		13.3.3 Agriculture
		13.3.4 Sports
		13.3.5 Businesses
		13.3.6 Government
	13.4 Challenges During Implementation of Virtual Reality
		13.4.1 Lack of Familiarity
		13.4.2 Network Load
		13.4.3 Bottleneck Communication
		13.4.4 Cost
		13.4.5 Internet
		13.4.6 User Experience Issue
		13.4.7 Security
		13.4.8 Powerful Computers
	13.5 Road Map Toward Normal During Covid-19
	13.6 Implications for Research
	13.7 Conclusion
	References
Index
About the Editors