US National Security, Intelligence and Democracy: Congressional Oversight and the War on Terror (Studies in Intelligenceß)

000.pdf......Page 1
US National Security, Intelligence and Democracy: From the Church Committee to the War on Terror......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Contributors......Page 10
Foreword......Page 13
Notes......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 17
The return of Senator Church......Page 19
Part I: the Church Committee – then and now......Page 21
Part II: Contemporary issues of national security, intelligence and democracy......Page 23
Conclusion......Page 26
Notes......Page 27
Part I: The Church Committee – then and now......Page 28
Liberty and security in the “War on Terror”......Page 29
Legacy of the Church Committee......Page 31
Conclusion......Page 33
Notes......Page 34
The Church Committee......Page 38
Thirty years later: the relevance of the Church Committee to the debate on presidential power in a time of terror......Page 41
Remember our history......Page 42
Nonpartisan and responsible nature......Page 43
Fact-based approach......Page 44
Asking the right questions......Page 45
Strengthening the intelligence services......Page 46
Notes......Page 47
Introduction......Page 53
The year of intelligence......Page 54
Congress develops new intelligence safeguards......Page 57
The emergence of rules for the new intelligence oversight......Page 60
The role preferences of lawmakers in the supervision of intelligence activities......Page 63
Conclusion......Page 67
Notes......Page 69
The Church Committee’s record......Page 73
Church’s leadership of the committee......Page 76
The Church Committee’s relevance today......Page 81
Notes......Page 86
Introduction......Page 92
Idahoans respond......Page 94
Frank Church’s reaction......Page 98
The Church Committee’s findings......Page 101
Conclusion......Page 105
Notes......Page 107
Part II: Contemporary issues of national security, intelligence and democracy......Page 112
Introduction......Page 113
Inherent executive powers......Page 115
Restoring the rule of law......Page 124
Conclusion......Page 128
Notes......Page 129
Introduction......Page 134
Presidential power to conduct domestic electronic surveillance for national security purposes within Fourth Amendment constraints......Page 135
Presidential powers in a “genuine emergency”......Page 136
Fourth Amendment constraints on presidential powers in a “genuine emergency”......Page 139
Whether the NSA program falls within the President’s power even though the program violates FISA......Page 140
Whether the NSA program violates the Fourth Amendment because surveillance under the program occurs without a warrant or traditional probable cause......Page 142
Conclusion......Page 144
Notes......Page 146
Introduction......Page 153
Modern association jurisprudence: associational privacy and expressive association......Page 155
Knowledge and intent......Page 156
Outlawing groups......Page 157
A reinvigorated three-pronged approach to free association......Page 159
Designation of groups as terrorist organizations......Page 160
Terrorist designations and free association......Page 161
Designation of terrorist organizations......Page 162
Material support for terrorist organizations......Page 165
Conclusion......Page 166
Notes......Page 167
Introduction......Page 176
The military in American society: a cautious embrace......Page 177
Domestic use of military intelligence from the founding to the Vietnam War......Page 178
Legislative limits on domestic military intelligence collection......Page 181
Executive measures to guide domestic military intelligence collection......Page 183
The Posse Comitatus Act as a background principle......Page 184
The Pentagon’s own regulations......Page 185
NORTHCOM: reorganizing for homeland security......Page 186
The Pentagon’s relation to other domestic counterterrorism activities......Page 187
Total Information Awareness and its progeny......Page 188
Conclusion......Page 189
Notes......Page 191
Introduction......Page 198
National security letters prior to the USA PATRIOT Act......Page 200
Changes to NSL powers and authorities in the USA PATRIOT Act......Page 203
Challenges to NSLs: Doe v. Ashcroft and Doe v. Gonzales......Page 204
The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005......Page 207
The mosaic theory, judicial deference and NSL nondisclosure......Page 209
Conclusion......Page 213
Notes......Page 214
Introduction......Page 219
Background to United States v. Al-Hussayen......Page 220
The “material support” statutes......Page 223
Should Al-Hussayen-type activities be protected by the First Amendment?......Page 225
Is there a substantial government interest?......Page 230
Why the current material support statutes are inadequate......Page 233
The proposed legislation and how it fixes the problems......Page 236
Conclusion......Page 237
Notes......Page 238
Introduction......Page 243
The theory of militant democracy introduced......Page 245
Functionalism......Page 250
Contextualism......Page 252
A discursive comparative method......Page 257
Conclusion......Page 259
Notes......Page 260