Urolithiasis: Clinical and Basic Research

Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Main Risk Factor for Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease in Man: Hypercalciuria or Mild Hyperoxaluria?....Pages 3-12
Prediction of Stone Recurrence....Pages 13-16
Crystalluria....Pages 17-21
Study of Calcium Crystals in Patients with Kidney Stones....Pages 23-27
Metabolic Investigations in 407 Recurrent Stone-Formers and Healthy Controls on Condition of Individual as well as Standard Diet....Pages 29-34
Classification of Stone-Patients and Healthy Persons on the Basis of the Urinary Analysis....Pages 35-38
Urinary Excretion of Citrate in Normal Subjects and Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 39-44
Magnesium Excretion in Urine on Condition of Individual as well as Standard Diet in Healthy Controls and Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers....Pages 45-49
Circadian Excretion of Uric Acid on Condition of Standard Diet after Purine Load in Calcium Oxalate Stone-Formers and Healthy Controls....Pages 51-54
Hypophosphatemia in Recurrent Renal Stone Formers — Consequence of Arterial Hypertension?....Pages 55-59
Relationship of Urinary Calcium to Sodium Excretion in Calcareous Renal Stoneformers: Effect of Furosemide....Pages 61-65
The Clinical Importance of Renal Tubular Acidosis in Recurrent Renal Stone Formers....Pages 67-69
Experience with the Short Ammonium Chloride Test....Pages 71-76
Urinary Excretion of Amino Acids by Subjects with Renal Calculi....Pages 77-80
Excretion of the CA-Binding Amino Acid, γ-Carboxyglutamate, in Stone-Formers....Pages 81-88
Renal Stone Formation in Primary Hyperparathyroidism — Role of Tubular Dysfunction....Pages 89-92
Short Ammonium Chloride Loading Test for Evaluation of Hyperparathyroidism....Pages 93-97
Saturation of Urine in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Its Role in Renal Stone Formation....Pages 99-102
Medullary Sponge Kidney (Tubular Ectasia) in Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 105-112
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Medullary Sponge Kidney....Pages 113-120
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Hereditary Hyperuricosuric Urolithiasis....Pages 121-124
2, 8-Dihydroxyadeninuria: Or When is a Uric Acid Stone not a Uric Acid Stone?....Pages 125-130
Renal Calculi in Triamterene Users....Pages 131-137
Cystine Stone — Therapy with Alpha-Mercapto-Propionylglycine — Ten Years of Experience with Forty-Two Patients....Pages 139-143
The Natural History of Cystinuria: A 15 Year Follow-Up in 106 Patients....Pages 145-154
Glutamine Therapy of Cystinuria....Pages 155-157
Urinary Stone Formation in Bowel Disease....Pages 159-168
Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis in Malabsorptive Syndromes....Pages 169-172
The Influence of Gastrointestinal Anatomy on Oxalate Excretion and Kidney Stone Incidence in Patients with Enteric Hyperoxaluria....Pages 173-177
Therapy for Enteric Hyperoxaluria: A Comparison of Calcium Supplementation and Urinary Alkalinization....Pages 179-190
Retrospective Follow-Up of Patients with Struvite Calculi....Pages 191-193
Infected Renal Lithiasis: Results of Long-Term Surgical and Medical Management....Pages 195-198
Infection-Induced Stones: Status of Clinic Trials with Urostat™ (Acetohydroxamic Acid)....Pages 199-208
Urease Inhibitors in the Treatment of Infection Induced Stones: Some Chemical, Pharmacologic and Clinical Considerations....Pages 209-214
Complications and Management of “Neglected” Renal Stones....Pages 215-220
Field Preventive Program of Bladder Stone Disease in Thailand....Pages 221-224
Objective Evidence for the Beneficial Effect of a High Fluid Intake in the Management of Nephrolithiasis....Pages 227-233
Reduction of Urinary Oxalate Excretion during Chronic Thiazide Therapy....Pages 235-239
Long-Term Treatment with Bendroflumethiazide for Prevention of Renal Stones. Clinical Experiences....Pages 241-244
Long-term Treatment with Bendroflumethiazide for Prevention of Stones. Metabolic Effects....Pages 245-248
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Experiences with Thiazides in a Double Blind Study....Pages 249-252
Neutral Potassium Phosphate and Thiazide: Combined Treatment in Recurrent Stone Formers....Pages 253-258
Phosphate Treatment of Idiopathic Calcium Stone Disease....Pages 259-265
Prophylactic Treatment with Magnesium Hydroxide in Renal Stone Disease....Pages 267-273
Experiences with Long-Term Use of Sodium Cellulose Phosphate for Prevention of Renal Calcium Stones....Pages 275-282
Long-Term Effects of Campanyl in the Treatment of Patients with Recurrent Calcium Urinary Stones....Pages 283-286
How to Increase the Lithoprotective and/or Litholytic Properties of Urine....Pages 287-292
Natural Volatile Oils in the Management of Renal Calcium Stone Disease....Pages 293-296
Fybranta (R) — A New Approach to the Treatment of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria....Pages 297-300
Front Matter....Pages 301-301
A Risk Factor Model of Stone-Formation: Application to the Study of Epidemiological Factors in the Genesis of Calcium Stones....Pages 303-307
The Role of Affluence in Recurrent Stone Formation....Pages 309-313
Alcohol as an Epidemiological Risk in Urolithiasis....Pages 315-319
Familial Hypercalciuric Urolithiasis....Pages 321-323
Cause of Primary Bladder Stone in England — A Retrospective Epidemiological Study....Pages 325-328
Endemic Bladder Stones in Indonesia....Pages 329-332
Future of Tamarind and Tartrate in Preventing Recurrence of Renal Calculi....Pages 333-336
Dietary Structure and Urinary Composition in a Stone-Free Population....Pages 337-342
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria — Its Control with Unprocessed Bran....Pages 343-346
Urolithiasis — A Study of Drinking Water Hardness and Genetic Factors....Pages 347-348
Urine Chemistry in Renal Stone Formers in an Area with Soft Drinking Water....Pages 349-352
Front Matter....Pages 301-301
The Importance of Chronic Cadmium Poisoning in Renal Stone Formation — A Five Year Study....Pages 353-357
Should Recurrent Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers Eat Less Animal Protein?....Pages 359-362
Influence of Purine Content of Diet and Allopurinol on Uric Acid and Oxalate Excretion Levels....Pages 363-367
Increased Availability of Dietary Carbohydrate: A Factor in the Genesis of Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis?....Pages 369-372
Reduction of Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Primary Hyperoxaluria by Diet....Pages 373-377
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
Preface to Proposal of Standardized Nomenclature in the Study of Crystallization in Biological Systems....Pages 381-381
A Proposal of Standardized Nomenclature in the Study of Crystallization in Biological Systems, e.g. Urolithiasis....Pages 383-390
A Constant Composition Method for Modelling Urinary Stone Formation....Pages 391-399
Crystal Growth and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate in High Ionic Strength Solutions....Pages 401-409
The Electrical Double Layer at Calcium Oxalate-Water Interfaces....Pages 411-419
Calcium Electrode Measurements of Calcium Oxalate Mineralization: The Effects of Urine and other Inhibitors....Pages 421-425
Effect of Urinary Macromolecules on Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystal Growth and Nucleation Rates....Pages 427-436
Equilibrium-Based Computer Model for the Estimation of Urine Saturation....Pages 437-440
The Relation between Relative Supersaturation and Crystal Aggregation in Urine — An Sem Study and a Computerized Calculation of the Ion Equilibrium....Pages 441-445
Determination of the Stability Constant of the Calcium Dioxalate Complex....Pages 447-451
Calcium Oxalate Hydrates. Dissolution, Transformation and Crystallization Studies....Pages 453-457
On the Transition Amorphous Calcium Phosphate to Crystalline Octacalcium Phosphate....Pages 459-464
Stabilizing Factors for Uric Acid Dihydrate — A Contribution to Uric Acid Stone Formation....Pages 465-468
Epitaxis between Stone-Forming Crystals at the Atomic Level....Pages 469-480
The Effect of Seed Crystals on Calcium Oxalate Nucleation....Pages 481-488
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
The Effect of Urinary pH on the Saturation of Calcium and Oxalate and on Urinary Crystal Formation....Pages 489-492
Hyperuricosuria in Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and its Possible Relationships with Stone Matrix Formation....Pages 493-496
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in Urothelial-Lined Systems....Pages 497-508
Intrarenal Calcium and Oxalate Concentration Gradients in Healthy and Stone Forming Kidneys — The Renal Papilla as the Primary Nucleation Site....Pages 509-515
Rat Renal Papillary Structure in Oxalate-Induced Microlithiasis, A Scanning Electron Microscope Study....Pages 517-521
The Ultrastructure of Rat Renal Tubules in Experimental Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis....Pages 523-525
Crystal Formation in the Renal Tubules of Rats Induced by Ethylene Glycol Administration and Magnesium Deficiency....Pages 527-532
A New View of Stone Formation under the Aspect of Flow Dynamics....Pages 533-537
Rates and Mechanisms of Dissolution of Renal Calculi. I. Rates and Mechanism of Dissolution of Pure Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate in Acid and Edta Solution....Pages 539-544
Rates and Mechanisms of Dissolution of Renal Calculi. II. Development and Discussion of Potential Models for Dissolution of Oxalate Calculi....Pages 545-549
Rates and Mechanisms of Dissolution of Renal Calculi. III. Mechanisms and Rates of Dissolution of Simulated Oxalate Calculi in Acid and Edta Solutions....Pages 551-556
Front Matter....Pages 557-557
Inhibition of PTH-Induced Nephrocalcinosis by Phosphocitrate....Pages 559-568
The Sources of Phosphocitrate and its Role as an Inhibitor of Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Oxalate Crystallization....Pages 569-577
Characterization of the Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth Inhibitors in Human Urine....Pages 579-588
Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate Crystal Formation in Urine — A Critique and Reappraisal....Pages 589-599
Studies on Inhibitors and Promoters of the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in Urine and in Matrix from Calcium Oxalate Stones....Pages 601-605
Effect of Different Urinary Constituents on Inhibiting or Accelerating Calcium Oxalate Crystallization....Pages 607-610
The Effect of Normal and Stone-Forming Urine on the Growth and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Relation to Urinary Glycosaminoglycan and Urate Concentrations....Pages 611-618
Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 619-622
Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 623-629
Front Matter....Pages 557-557
The Effect of Urine and Other Inhibitors on the Growth and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Vitro....Pages 631-635
Identification of a Small Molecular Weight Inhibitor of the Oxalate Precipitation....Pages 637-639
The Effect of Some Urinary Constituents on the in Vitro Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate....Pages 641-650
Isolation of a Urinary Mucoprotein Capable to Precipitate Oxalate....Pages 651-655
The Inhibitory Effect of Polymeric Carboxylic Amino-Acids and Urine on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization....Pages 657-662
Inhibited Precipitation and Growth of Ca-Oxalate Crystals in the Presence of the Alkaline Salts of Some Polyhydroxycarboxylic Acids....Pages 663-667
Interaction of Dyes with Inorganic Constituents of Kidney Stones....Pages 669-672
Front Matter....Pages 673-673
Urinary Calcium Binding Proteins and Renal Calculi....Pages 675-684
Excretion of Tamm-Horsfall Urinary Glycoprotein (Uromucoid) in Renal Calcium Stone Formers....Pages 685-689
Proteolytic Activity and Organic Substances in Urine....Pages 691-695
Mechanism of the Heterogeneous Nucleation by a Urinary Mucoprotein....Pages 697-701
Nephrolithiasis in Dialysed Patients — Evidence for a Peculiar Type of Matrix Stones with Ca-Oxalate Inclusions....Pages 703-706
The Chemical Composition of a Non-Crystalline Feline Kidney Stone....Pages 707-711
Front Matter....Pages 713-713
The Effects of Chlorothiazide on Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium Transport in the Nephron of the Thyroparathyroidectomized Hamster....Pages 715-721
Indomethacin Lowers Urinary Calcium Excretion in Normal Volunteers and Normocalciuric Stone-Formers....Pages 723-725
On the Mechanism of Action of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in the Intestine....Pages 727-730
Low Phosphate Diet in Rats: A Model for Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis....Pages 731-734
Intracellular Mechanisms Underlying the Phosphaturic Response to Parathyroid Hormone in the Hamster....Pages 735-740
Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) in Control of Proximal Renal Tubular Phosphate Transport....Pages 741-745
The Incidence of Nephrocalcinosis and the Urinary Excretion of Citrate and Calcium in Patients with Non-Azotemic type 4 Renal Tubular Acidosis....Pages 747-755
Front Matter....Pages 713-713
Urinary Citrate Excretion and Acidification Defects in Renal Calcium Stone Formers....Pages 757-761
Influence of Changes in Calcium Metabolism on Renal Handling of Oxalate in Rats....Pages 763-766
Evaluation of a New Oxalate Assay....Pages 767-773
Intestinal Oxalate Absorption in Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease....Pages 775-778
Oxalate Loading Test for the Diagnosis of Oxalate Hyperabsorption....Pages 779-781
Effect of Vitamin B 6 Deficiency on the Intestinal Absorption and Excretion of Oxalate in Rats....Pages 783-787
Excretion of Oxalic Acid Following the Ingestion of Various Amounts of Oxalic Acid-Rich Foods....Pages 789-794
Response of Gastrointestinal Hormones and Intestinal Calcium Absorption During an Oral Carbohydrate Meal....Pages 795-800
How to Prevent the Hyperresorption of Dietary Oxalate and the Oxalate Peaks in Urine....Pages 801-805
Isolation of the Oxalate Binding Protein....Pages 807-810
Front Matter....Pages 811-811
The Pathophysiological Basis of Hypercalciuria in Primary Hyperparathyroidism....Pages 813-824
Plasma 1,25(OH) 2 D in Idiopathic and Hyperparathyroid Stone-Formers....Pages 825-829
Orthophosphate Therapy Decreases Urinary Calcium Excretion and Serum 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D Concentrations in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria....Pages 831-833
Cyclic Nucleotides and Related Variables in Urolithiasis....Pages 835-840
Disturbed Terminal Mineralization of Bone in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria....Pages 841-845
Dietary Calcium Restriction may be Good for Patients’ Stones — but not for Their Bones....Pages 847-854
The Pathways of Oxalate Biosynthesis....Pages 855-863
Alterations in Kidney Enzymes of Oxalate Metabolism in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 865-868
Therapeutic Role of Vitamin B 6 on Oxalate Metabolism in Urolithiasis and its Effect on Hyperoxaluria Induced in Rats by Ethylene Glycol....Pages 869-873
Decomposition of Exogenous 14 C-Oxalate ( 14 C-OX) to 14 C-Carbon Dioxide ( 14 CO 2 ) In Vitro and in Animals....Pages 875-879
Front Matter....Pages 811-811
Enhancement of Urinary Citrate in Oxalate Stone Formers by the Intake of Alkaline Salts....Pages 881-884
Magnesium Metabolism in Renal Stone Formers....Pages 885-887
Urate Metabolism and Urinary Acidification....Pages 889-893
Urate Metabolism in Calcium Stone Disease....Pages 895-898
Front Matter....Pages 899-899
Investigation with Polarizing Microscopy for the Classification of Urinary Stones from Humans and Dogs....Pages 901-906
Statistical Results of the Analysis of More than 7,500 Urinary Calculi....Pages 907-909
“Milk of Calcium”: Morphology, Structure and Mineralogical Composition....Pages 911-915
Oolitic Structure of Milk of Calcium Sand and Milk of Calcium Stones....Pages 917-921
Silica in Urinary Calculi....Pages 923-927
Newberyte in Old Renal and Bladder Calculi....Pages 929-934
Forms of Ammonium Urate Presentation in Urinary Calculi of Non-Infectious and Infectious Origin....Pages 935-942
Prostatic Calculi....Pages 943-948
Front Matter....Pages 949-949
Isotachophoretic Determination of Oxalate in Unprocessed Urine....Pages 951-957
Analytical Isotachophoresis: An Improved Method for Quantitative Determination of Urinary Oxalate....Pages 959-962
The Effect of Storage on Serum Oxalate Values....Pages 963-967
Direct Measurement of Ionized Calcium (Standardization, Normal Values and Clinical Results)....Pages 969-976
New Glass Capillary Gas-Chromatographic Methods for Metabolites in Urine and Serum....Pages 977-983
Comparison of X-Ray Diffraction, IR-Spectroscopic, and Polarizing Microscopic Core-Shell Analysis of Urinary Stones....Pages 985-991
Experience with infrared Analysis of Urinary Tract Calculi in a Clinical Laboratory....Pages 993-996
High Voltage Electron Microscopy of Urinary Calculi....Pages 997-1001
Front Matter....Pages 949-949
Physical Investigations of Urinary Calculi....Pages 1003-1008
Investigations for Characterizing Single Crystal Phases in Urinary Stones by Means of an Arrangement of Light Microscopy in Combination with Scanning Microscopy....Pages 1009-1013
Back Matter....Pages 1015-1035