Urolithiasis and Related Clinical Research

Front Matter....Pages i-xxx
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Inborn Errors of Metabolism Complicated by Urolithiasis — Examples from Purine Metabolism....Pages 3-8
Urolithiasis in a Large Kindred Deficient in Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (Aprt)....Pages 9-12
Urolithiasis in Hereditary Renal Hypouricemia....Pages 13-16
Familial Xanthinuria in a Large Kindred: Purine Metabolites in Plasma and Urine of Xanthinurics, Siblings and Normal Subjects....Pages 17-20
Heredity, Serum Phosphate and Urinary Calcium in Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 21-24
The Significance of the Sexual Dependency of Lithogenic and Inhibitory Substances in Urine....Pages 25-27
Incidence of Renal Stones in Western Countries....Pages 31-37
Urolithiasis — Epidemiological Data From The South Of Portugal....Pages 39-42
Epidemiological Aspects of Urolithiasis in a German County....Pages 43-46
Epidemiology of Urolithiasis and Calcium Metabolism in Human Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 47-50
Urinary Calcium Excretion and Net Acid Excretion: Effects of Dietary Protein, Carbohydrate and Calories....Pages 53-60
Dietary Factors Important in Calcium Stone-Formation....Pages 61-68
Dietary Factors as Causes of the So-Called Renal Leak of Calcium in Idiopathic Stone Formers....Pages 69-72
Dietary History and Dietary Records in Renal Stone Patients and Controls....Pages 73-76
Urolithiasis in Southern Rajasthan: Contribution of Dietary Oxalate to Urinary Oxalate....Pages 77-80
Nutrition and Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis....Pages 81-84
The Effect of an Increased Intake of Various Constituents of a High Animal Protein Diet on the Risk of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Men....Pages 85-88
Calculogenic Potential of the Diet — A New Concept....Pages 89-92
Tea Drinking — A Risk Factor for Urolithiasis?....Pages 93-94
Influence of Water Quality on Urolithiasis....Pages 97-103
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Drinking Water Quality and Urolithiasis....Pages 105-107
Front Matter....Pages 109-109
Intestinal Absorption of Calcium: Basic Aspects....Pages 111-118
Nephrolithiasis Associated with Intestinal Disease....Pages 119-126
Intestinal Absorption of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate and Oxalate: Deviation from Normal in Idiopathic Urolithiasis....Pages 127-133
Kinetic Study of the Intestinal Calcium-Binding Protein in Absorptive Hypercalciuria....Pages 135-138
Intestinal Flora and Oxalate Excretion in Patients with Enteric Hyperoxaluria....Pages 139-142
Renal Tubular Function in Patients Following Intestinal By-Pass Operations....Pages 143-146
Mechanism of Sodium Glycolate Absorption in Rat Intestine....Pages 147-150
Intestinal Absorption of Oxalate in Gonadectomized Rats....Pages 151-154
Effect of Maleic Acid on the Intestinal Uptake of Calcium and Oxalate in Pyridoxine-Deficient Rats....Pages 155-158
Front Matter....Pages 159-159
The Renal Handling of Magnesium....Pages 161-168
Influence of Bicarbonate on the Renal Handling of Magnesium....Pages 169-172
Urinary Excretion of Citrate — Influence Of Metabolism and Acid-Base Conditions....Pages 173-180
The Renal Handling of Citrate....Pages 181-188
Effects of Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis on the Renal Brush Border Membrane Transport of Citrate....Pages 189-191
Renal Handling of Oxalate....Pages 193-200
Relation of Severity Of Renal Impairment to Tissue Calcium Concentration in the Human Kidney....Pages 201-204
Calcification Sites in Human Kidneys — A Rem Study....Pages 205-208
The Influence of Glucose and Insulin on Calcium Excretion in the Urine....Pages 209-212
The Effect of Indomethacin and Flurbiprofen on Calcium Excretion and Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Anaesthetized Rat....Pages 213-216
Front Matter....Pages 217-217
Studies on the Endogenous Production of Oxalate in Man....Pages 219-222
Red Blood Cell Transmembrane Oxalate Flux in Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis....Pages 223-224
The Effect of Ingestion of Megadoses of Ascorbic Acid on Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Normal Subjects and Stone Formers....Pages 225-228
Interactions of Steroid Hormones and Pyridoxine in the Regulation of Oxalate Metabolism in Rats....Pages 229-232
Glyoxylate Oxidation and Enzymes of Oxalate Biosynthesis in Thiamine-Deficient Rats....Pages 233-236
Effect of Pyruvate on Oxalate-Synthesizing Enzymes in Liver and Kidney of Glycolate-Fed Rats....Pages 237-240
Is Magnesium Metabolism Related to Calcium Urolithiasis?....Pages 241-244
Low Urinary Magnesium/Calcium Ratio Due to Increased Urinary Calcium Excretion in Essential Hypertension....Pages 245-247
A Study of Factors Affecting Urinary Citrate Levels....Pages 249-252
Relation Between Hypercalciuria and Vitamin D 3 -Status in Renal Stone Formers....Pages 253-256
Front Matter....Pages 257-257
Institution and Management of a Stone Clinic....Pages 259-266
Temporal Changes in Urinary Risk Factors Following Renal Colic....Pages 267-270
Anatomical Localization of Urinary Risk Factors of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation....Pages 271-274
An Ambulatory Metabolic Study of Calcium Urolithiasis in Venezuela....Pages 275-278
Hyperuricosuric Calcium Stoneformers: Effect on Fasting and Calcium Hyperabsorption....Pages 279-282
Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Urine Supersaturation in Calcium Stone Formers (CSF): Hypercalciuria versus Hyperoxaluria....Pages 283-286
The Origin of Metabolic Abnormalities in Primary Calcium Stone Disease — Natural or Unnatural Selection?....Pages 287-290
Studies on Urine Composition in Patients with Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease....Pages 291-294
Alterations in Kidney Location with Changes in Patient Position: Implications for Percutaneous Renal Procedures....Pages 295-298
In Vitro Determination of Optimal Conditions for Coagulum Pyelolithotomy....Pages 299-302
Front Matter....Pages 257-257
A One Day Cellulose Phosphate (CP) Test Discriminates Non-Absorptive from Absorptive Hypercalciuria....Pages 303-306
Serum Parathormone and Urinary and Nephrogenous Cyclic Amp in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria and in Primary Hyperparathyroidism....Pages 307-310
Hypercalciuria in Patients with Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism and Stone Disease....Pages 311-313
Vitamin D Metabolism in Hypercalciuric Patients....Pages 315-318
Proximal Tubule Sodium Handling in Calcium Stone Formers....Pages 319-322
Evidence for Magnesium Depletion in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria....Pages 323-326
Magnesium Excretion in Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 327-329
The Diagnostic Value of Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Magnesium Calculations in Calcium-Containing Kidney Stone Formers....Pages 331-333
Some Stone Promoting and Inhibiting Factors in Fasting and Postprandial Urines of Stone Patients and Controls — Preliminary Results....Pages 335-338
Urinary and Serum Sulfate in Idiopathic Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis (RCU)....Pages 339-342
Urine and Serum Potassium in Patients With Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis (RCU) — Results of a Pilot Study....Pages 343-346
Activity of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (Aprt) in Patients with Renal Failure and Urolithiasis....Pages 347-350
The Significance of Hyperuricemia and Hyperuricosuria in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers....Pages 351-353
Urinary Excretion Pattern of Main Glycosaminoglycans in Stone Formers and Controls....Pages 355-358
The Connection between Amino Acids, Urinary Enzymes and Stone Formation....Pages 359-362
Urinary Isocitrate Excretion in Normal Individuals and in Stone Patients....Pages 363-365
Urinary Citrate Excretion in Normals and Patients with Idiopathic Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 367-370
Drug Nephrolithiasis: An Unrecognized and Underestimated Pathology....Pages 371-374
Triamterene Solubility and Metabolism are not Causative Factors of Triamterene Nephrolithiasis....Pages 375-378
The Effect of a High Intake of Tartaric Acid on Urinary and Plasma Oxalate....Pages 379-382
Front Matter....Pages 257-257
Role of Fluoride in Formation of Calcium Oxalate Stones....Pages 383-386
Transient Hypercalciuria During Acute Pyelonephritis and Active Stone Formation....Pages 387-390
Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Renal Stones....Pages 391-394
Infection Concrements Induced by Ureaplasma Urealyticum....Pages 395-398
Stone Analysis and Urinary Tract Infection in Renal Stone Patients....Pages 399-402
Vesical Calculi in Patients with Neurogenic Urinary Bladder Dysfunction....Pages 403-406
Biochemical Studies in Paraplegic Renal Stone Patients....Pages 407-410
The Effectiveness of Hemodialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in Controlling Plasma Oxalate Concentrations....Pages 411-414
Round Table Discussion on Secondary Lithiasis....Pages 415-421
Front Matter....Pages 423-423
The Effect of “High Fibre Biscuits” on Urinary Risk Factors for Stone Formation....Pages 425-428
Is Salt Restriction Necessary to Reduce the Risk of Stone Formation?....Pages 429-432
Restricted Calcium Diet and Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis....Pages 433-436
Pyrophosphate Excretion in Various Groups of Calcium Stoneformers: Effect of a Calcium-Restricted Diet....Pages 437-440
The Use of Wheat Bran to Decrease Calcium Excretion and to Treat Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease....Pages 441-443
Critical Role of Oxalate Restriction in Association with Calcium Restriction to Decrease the Probability of Being a Stone Former: Insufficient Effect in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria....Pages 445-448
Dietary Treatment of Hyperoxaluria Following Jejunoileal Bypass....Pages 449-452
The Stone Clinic Effect in Patients with Idiopathic Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 453-456
Do Stone Formers Accept Dietary Advice?....Pages 457-460
The Prevention of Calcium Stones with Thiazides....Pages 463-470
Experience with Long-Term Thiazide Treatment in Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease....Pages 471-473
Front Matter....Pages 423-423
Thiazide Prophylaxis of Urolithiasis: A Double Blind Study in General Practice....Pages 475-478
Appraisal of Methodology in Studies of Either Thiazide or Orthophosphate Therapy for Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 479-481
The Effects of Orthophosphate and Ion Binders....Pages 483-489
Effect of Orthophosphate Treatment on Urine Composition in Idiopathic Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 491-493
Phosphate Treatment of Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 495-498
The Role of Urate and Allopurinol in Stone Disease: A Review....Pages 499-503
Allopurinol Treatment in Urolithiasis....Pages 505-512
Further Reduction of Oxalate Excretion by Allopurinol in Stone Formers on Low Purine Diet....Pages 513-516
The Effect of Long-Term Treatment with Allopurinol on Stone Recurrence in Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 517-519
A Placebo Controlled Double-Blind Study of Allopurinol in Severe Recurrent Idiopathic Renal Lithiasis. Preliminary Results....Pages 521-524
Drugs Against Kidney Stones: Effects of Magnesium and Alkali....Pages 525-532
Urine Composition in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers During Treatment with Alkali....Pages 533-536
The Effect of Alkalinizing Agents and Chelating Agents on the Dissolution of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones....Pages 537-540
The Effect of Alkalinizing Agents on Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in a Rat Model....Pages 541-544
A Multicentre Trial to Evaluate Three Treatments for Recurrent Idiopathic Calcium Stone Disease — A Preliminary Report....Pages 545-548
Prophylaxis of Calcium Oxalate Stones : Clinical Trials of Allopurinol, Magnesium Hydroxide and Chlorthalidone....Pages 549-552
The Effectiveness of Long-Term Treatment for Recurrent Kidney Stones Using the DI Method....Pages 553-556
Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers Five Years Later....Pages 557-560
The Relationship Between Clinical Outcome and Urine Biochemistry during Various Forms of Therapy for Idiopathic Calcium Stone Disease....Pages 561-564
Biochemical Alterations in Urinary Stone Patients on Chemoprophylaxis....Pages 565-567
Front Matter....Pages 423-423
Five-Year Treatment in Hyperoxaluric Stone Formers....Pages 569-572
The Influence of Flurbiprofen on Calcium Excretion and Vitamin D3 in Recurrent Calcium Lithiasis — A Double Blind Study....Pages 573-576
The Inhibition of Experimental Nephrocalcinosis with A Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor....Pages 577-580
Clinical Manipulation of Urinary GAGS — A New Method of Stone Prevention (?)....Pages 581-584
Treatment of Hyperoxaluria in Patients with Jejunoileal Bypass: Effects of Calcium, Aluminum, Magnesium and Cholestyramine....Pages 585-588
Relative Merit of Various Nonsurgical Treatments of Infection Stones in Dogs....Pages 589-592
Efficacy and Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Ureteral Colic: A Double-Blind Controlled Trial....Pages 593-596
Methods and Results of Conservative Expulsion of Urinary Calculi....Pages 597-600
Modern Strategies in Stone Surgery, with Special Emphasis on Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 603-610
Operative Ureterorenoscopy for Endoscopic Removal of Ureteric Calculi....Pages 611-614
Renal Autotransplantation with Direct Pyelocystostomy in Patients with Recurrent Renal Calculi....Pages 615-618
Three-Dimensional Inter-Operative Renal Radiography by Means of a Combination of Polaroid Films and Intensifier Screens....Pages 619-622
Dissolution of Phosphate Stones by Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Local Irrigation....Pages 623-626
A Direct Comparison of the Litholytic Capacity of Renacidin and Some New Calcium Oxalate and/or Phosphate Dissolving Irrigation Systems....Pages 627-630
Postoperative Recurrence of Idiopathic Calcium Urolithiasis....Pages 631-634
Front Matter....Pages 635-635
Advances in Analysis of Urinary Oxalate: The Ascorbate Problem Solved....Pages 637-644
A Comparison of Three Methods for Measuring Urinary Oxalate — With a Note on Ascorbic Acid Interference....Pages 645-648
The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Urine Oxalate Measurement....Pages 649-652
Spontaneous in Vitro Generation of Oxalate from L-Ascorbate in Some Assays for Urinary Oxalate and its Prevention....Pages 653-656
Enzymatic Assay of Oxalate Using Oxalate Oxidase from Sorghum Leaves....Pages 657-660
Front Matter....Pages 635-635
Determination of Urinary Oxalate by Reversed-Phase ION-Pair “High-Performance” Liquid Chromatography....Pages 661-664
Human Plasma Oxalate Concentration Re-Examined....Pages 665-668
The Measurement of Oxalate and Glycolate with Immobilized Enzyme Systems....Pages 669-672
The Value of Oxalate Determination by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Clinical Practice....Pages 673-676
Enzymatic Determination of Oxalate in Urine....Pages 677-680
A New Rapid Spectrophotometric Method for Detection of Xanthinuria....Pages 681-684
Combined Enzymatic Degradation with Chondroitinases and Alcian Blue Precipitation in Determination of Urinary Chondroitin Sulphates....Pages 685-688
On the Preservation of Urines for the Determination of Citrate....Pages 689-692
A New Method for Quantitative Wet-Chemical Analysis of Urinary Calculi and the Principles for Calculation of Results and Mass Recovery by an Algorithm....Pages 695-698
Analysis of Urinary Calculi by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: New Insight into Stone Structure....Pages 699-702
Hardness Testing of Urinary Calculi....Pages 703-706
Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies on Infection-Induced Urinary Concrements....Pages 707-710
Matrix-Mineral Configuration in Whewellite Kidney Stones: Ultrastructural Analysis....Pages 711-714
Clinical-Chemical Study of Urinary Stones in Saudi Arabia — I. Uric Acid Stones....Pages 715-718
Struvite Stones Analysis by Infrared Spectrophotometry in Adults and Children....Pages 719-722
Composition and Structure of Infected Stones....Pages 723-726
Urinary Calculi in Children — Epidemiological and Mineralogical Aspects....Pages 727-730
A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study of the Bladder Mucosa in Paediatric Patients with Idiopathic Calculus Disease....Pages 731-734
Childhood Urolithiasis in Iran: A Study of Urinary Calculi Using X-Ray Diffraction, Polarizing Microscopy and Chemical Analysis....Pages 735-738
Stone Analysis — in the Doctor’S Office or in a Specialized Laboratory?....Pages 739-742
Front Matter....Pages 635-635
Computed Tomographic Analysis of the Composition of Renal Calculi....Pages 743-746
Front Matter....Pages 747-747
Urine Supersaturation: the Nucleation, Growth and Dissolution of Stones....Pages 749-756
Dissolution Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate Calculi....Pages 757-760
A Whole Urine System for Studying Nucleation, Growth and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals....Pages 761-764
Crystallization Characteristics of Synthetic Urine in a Fast Evaporator....Pages 765-768
A Comparison of the Tiselius Risk Index (RI) and Relative Saturation (RS) of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) in Stone Formers....Pages 769-771
Equations Defining Urinary Crystallization Conditions with Respect to Stone-Forming Calcium Salts....Pages 773-776
Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibria in Urine: Estimation of the Risk of Stone Formation and Derivation of Prophylactic Measures....Pages 777-780
Epitaxial Growth of Calcium Oxalate on Uric Acid....Pages 781-784
The Conditions for Precipitation of Uric Acid and Sodium Acid Urate....Pages 785-788
The Oxalate-Tolerance-Value: A Diagnostic Tool for the Recognition of Stone Forming Patients....Pages 789-792
The Crystallization of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (Struvite) in Acidic Sterile Urine....Pages 793-796
In Vitro Investigations of Stone Growth Inhibition and Dissolution....Pages 797-800
Inhibitors of the Precipitation of Stone-Forming Urinary Constituents: are the Established Inhibitors Effective in Preventing Stone Formation and Growth or is A Moss-Covered Stone Inevitable?....Pages 803-809
The Relative Importance of Calcium Phosphate Urinary Inhibitors....Pages 811-814
Natural Inhibitors of Formation and Dissolution of Stone Minerals....Pages 815-818
Urinary Inhibitors of Hydroxyapatite Crystal Growth: A Constant Composition Approach....Pages 819-821
Gel Filtration of Concentrated Urine: the Relation Between Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth Inhibition and Glycosaminoglycan Chromatograms....Pages 823-826
Effect of Additives and Whole Urine on Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Formation....Pages 827-830
Crystal Inhibition:Binding of Heparin and Chondroitin Sulphate to Calcium Oxalate, Sodium Urate and Uric Acid Crystals....Pages 831-834
Front Matter....Pages 747-747
Studies on the Mode of Action of Polyanionic Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in Urine....Pages 835-838
The Relative Inhibitory Potential of Urinary Macromolecular Fractions on Caox Precipitation....Pages 839-842
Adsorption of RNA Onto AGED Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM)....Pages 843-846
The Additive Effects of Magnesium and Tartrate Upon Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation in Whole Urine....Pages 847-850
Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth: Investigations on Inhibitory Activity of Model Compounds and Urine Samples....Pages 851-854
The Effect of Uric Acid on The Inhibitory Activity of Glycosaminoglycans and Urine....Pages 855-858
Hyperuricosuria and Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation....Pages 859-862
Further Studies on the Possible Lithogenetic Role of Uric Acid in Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease....Pages 863-866
Does the Bladder Mucosa Contribute to Urinary Inhibitory Activity?....Pages 867-870
The Contribution of the Bladder to Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth Inhibition in Voided Urine....Pages 871-873
Effects of Human Urine on the Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals: Normal Persons Versus Stone-Formers....Pages 875-878
Determination of Stone Forming Risk by Measuring Crystallization Inhibitor Activity in Urine with A Gel Model....Pages 879-882
Macromolecules in Whole Urine that Promote Calcium Oxalate and Phosphate Crystal Formation....Pages 883-886
The Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth by Chondroitin Sulphates, Heparin, Pentosan Polysulphate and Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein....Pages 887-890
N-Sulfo-2-Amino Tricarballylate, A New Analog of Phosphocitrate: Metabolism and Inhibitory Effects on Renal Calcification....Pages 891-894
The Effect of Sodium Sulfopentosan on the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate....Pages 895-898
Magnesium and Citric Acid in the Dissolution of Struvite and Hydroxyapatite....Pages 899-902
Round Table Discussion on the Comparison of Models for the Study of Inhibitory Activity in Urine....Pages 903-908
Urinary Stone Matrix and Urinary Macromolecules....Pages 911-918
Alternating Crystallization — A Proposed Mechanism for Lamellar Structure Formation in Renal Stones....Pages 919-922
Front Matter....Pages 747-747
A Microscopic Study of the Matrix of Some Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones....Pages 923-925
Comment on the Round Table Discussion on Theoretical Models Related to Urolithiasis....Pages 929-933
Front Matter....Pages 935-935
Microstructure of Calcium Oxalate Foreign Body Stones Produced in Rat Bladder....Pages 937-940
Urine and Serum Biochemistry Relative to the Risk of Lithogenesis in Rats on an Atherogenic Diet....Pages 941-944
Histopathological Changes in the Kidney of the Rat on an Atherogenic Diet....Pages 945-948
 14 C-Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Adherence in the Rat Bladder....Pages 949-952
Dissolution of Crystalline Calcium Oxalate....Pages 953-956
Induction and Inhibition of Struvite Bladder Stones in Rats....Pages 957-960
Back Matter....Pages 961-997