کلمات کلیدی مربوط به کتاب شهرسازی، تنوع زیستی و خدمات اکوسیستمی: چالش ها و فرصت ها: مهندسی صنایع و عمران، شهرسازی و زیباسازی
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Editors: Thomas Elmqvist, Michail Fragkias, Julie Goodness,
Burak Güneralp, Peter J. Marcotullio, Robert I. McDonald, Susan
Parnell, Maria Schewenius, Marte Sendstad, Karen C. Seto.
Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London, 2013. - 771
с.
ISBN 978-94-007-7087-4
We have entered the Anthropocene – an
era when humans are a dominant geological force – and at the
same time we have entered an Urban Age. Over half of humanity
now lives in towns and cities, and by 2030 that fraction will
have increased to 60 %. In other words, in slightly over two
decades, from 2010 to 2030, another one and an half billion
people will be added to the population of cities.
Creating healthy, habitable, urban living spaces for so many
more people will be one of the defi ning challenges of our
time. And the quality of city environments – both their built
and natural components – will determine the quality of life for
an estimated total of fi ve billion existing and new urban
dwellers by 2030.
Much of what gets written about the challenges of urbanization
tends to be about built city infrastructure and its
organization and governance: about transportation systems,
housing, water works, sanitation, slums – the hardware of
cities. Less is written about the software of cities as centers
of creativity and lifestyle, of culture and learning
institutions that enable the creation of pools of human
capital, which gather critical mass and become drivers of
innovation and prosperity. And even less is written about the
ecological infrastructure of cities: parks, gardens, open
spaces, water catchment areas, and generally their ecosystems
and biodiversity. This book Urbanization, Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities and the Cities
and Biodiversity Outlook project (CBO) addresses that gap
admirably. It brings out clearly the importance of nature for
cities, making a convincing case for internalizing ecosystem
services in urban policy making.
The book not only quantifi es but also lays out the complex
linkages between ecosystem services and urbanization, giving us
detailed case studies of cities that have used an ecosystem
services approach, either explicitly or implicitly, in urban
planning in order to address the many challenges that
urbanization poses.
Foreword
Preface
Karen C. Seto, Susan Parnell, and Thomas Elmqvist A Global
Outlook on Urbanization
Thomas Elmqvist, Charles L. Redman, Stephan Barthel, and Robert
Costanza History of Urbanization and the Missing Ecology
Robert I. McDonald, Peter J. Marcotullio, and Burak Güneralp
Urbanization and Global Trends in Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services
Karen C. Seto Regional Assessment of Asia
Burak Güneralp and Karen C. Seto Sub-regional Assessment of
China: Urbanization in Biodiversity Hotspots
Harini Nagendra, H.S. Sudhira, Madhusudan Katti, and Maria
Schewenius Sub-regional Assessment of India: Effects of
Urbanization on Land Use, Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services
H.S. Sudhira and Harini Nagendra Local Assessment of Bangalore:
Graying and Greening in Bangalore – Impacts of Urbanization on
Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity
Ryo Kohsaka, Wanyu Shih, Osamu Saito, and Satoru Sadohara Local
Assessment of Tokyo: Satoyama and Satoumi – Traditional
Landscapes and Management Practices in a Contemporary Urban
Environment
Wenliang Liu, Xiaohua Chen, and Qiang Wang Local Assessment of
Shanghai: Effects of Urbanization on the Diversity of
Macrobenthic Invertebrates
Norbert Müller, Maria Ignatieva, Charles H. Nilon, Peter
Werner, and Wayne C. Zipperer Patterns and Trends in Urban
Biodiversity and Landscape Design
Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Åsa Gren, David N. Barton, Johannes
Langemeyer, Timon McPhearson, Patrick O’Farrell, Erik
Andersson, Zoé Hamstead, and Peleg Kremer Urban Ecosystem
Services
Dagmar Haase Shrinking Cities, Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services
Jakub Kronenberg, Azime Tezer, Dagmar Haase, and Johan Colding
Regional Assessment of Europe
Timon McPhearson, Roger Auch, and Marina Alberti Regional
Assessment of North America: Urbanization Trends, Biodiversity
Patterns, and Ecosystem Services
Robert Dyball, Christopher D. Ives, and Ian White Regional
Assessment of Oceania
Burak Güneralp, Azime Tezer, and İlke Albayrak Local Assessment
of İstanbul: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Johan Colding Local Assessment of Stockholm: Revisiting the
Stockholm Urban Assessment
Liam Heneghan, Christopher Mulvaney, Kristen Ross, Susan
Stewart, Lauren Umek, Cristy Watkins, Alaka Wali, Lynne M.
Westphal, and David H. Wise Local Assessment of Chicago: From
Wild Chicago to Chicago Wilderness – Chicago’s Ecological
Setting and Recent Efforts to Protect and Restore Nature in the
Region
Timon McPhearson, David Maddox, Bram Gunther and David Bragdon
Local Assessment of New York City: Biodiversity, Green Space,
and Ecosystem Services
Christopher D. Ives, Ruth Beilin, Ascelin Gordon, Dave Kendal,
Amy K. Hahs, and Mark J. McDonnell Local Assessment of
Melbourne: The Biodiversity and Social-Ecological Dynamics of
Melbourne, Australia
Michail Fragkias, Burak Güneralp, Karen C. Seto, and Julie
Goodness A Synthesis of Global Urbanization Projections
Burak Güneralp, Robert I. McDonald, Michail Fragkias, Julie
Goodness, Peter J. Marcotullio, and Karen C. Seto Urbanization
Forecasts, Effects on Land Use, Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services
Pippin M.L. Anderson, Chukwumerije Okereke, Andrew Rudd, and
Susan Parnell Regional Assessment of Africa
Julie Goodness and Pippin M.L. Anderson Local Assessment of
Cape Town: Navigating the Management Complexities of
Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services in the Cape
Floristic Region
William Solecki and Peter J. Marcotullio Climate Change and
Urban Biodiversity Vulnerability
Lisa Deutsch, Robert Dyball, and Will Steffen Feeding Cities:
Food Security and Ecosystem Support in an Urbanizing
World
Cathy Wilkinson, Marte Sendstad, Susan Parnell, and Maria
Schewenius Urban Governance of Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services
Aníbal Pauchard and Olga Barbosa Regional Assessment of Latin
America: Rapid Urban Development and Social Economic Inequity
Threaten Biodiversity Hotspots
Cecilia P. Herzog and Ricardo Finotti Local Assessment of Rio
de Janeiro City: Two Case Studies of Urbanization Trends and
Ecological Impacts
Marianne E. Krasny, Cecilia Lundholm, Soul Shava,Eunju Lee, and
Hiromi Kobori Urban Landscapes as Learning Arenas for
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Management
Steven N. Handel, Osamu Saito, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi
Restoration Ecology in an Urbanizing World
Ryo Kohsaka, Henrique M. Pereira, Thomas Elmqvist, Lena Chan,
Raquel Moreno-Peñaranda, Yukihiro Morimoto, Takashi Inoue, Mari
Iwata, Maiko Nishi, Maria da Luz Mathias, Carlos Souto Cruz,
Mariana Cabral, Minna Brunfeldt, Anni Parkkinen, Jari Niemelä,
Yashada Kulkarni-Kawli, and Grant Pearsell Indicators for
Management of Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: City
Biodiversity Index
Thomas Elmqvist, Michail Fragkias, Julie Goodness, Burak
Güneralp, Peter J. Marcotullio, Robert I. McDonald, Susan
Parnell, Maria Schewenius, Marte Sendstad, Karen C. Seto, Cathy
Wilkinson, Marina Alberti, Carl Folke, Niki Frantzeskaki,
Dagmar Haase, Madhusudan Katti, Harini Nagendra, Jari Niemelä,
Steward T.A. Pickett, Charles L. Redman, and Keith Tidball
Stewardship of the Biosphere in the Urban Era
CBO Inter-Agency Task-Force and Advisory Committee
Members
Glossary