Urban-Rural Transformation Geography

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Author
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Background and Value of Urban–Rural Transformation Research
	Abstract
	1.1 The Realistic Problems of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
		1.1.1 Large Gap Between Urban and Rural Development
		1.1.2 Rapid Non-agricultural Transformation of Land
		1.1.3 Imbalance of Regional Urban–Rural Transformation
		1.1.4 Increasingly Rural Hollowing
		1.1.5 Prominent Urban–Rural Environmental Problems
	1.2 Opportunities and Challenges for Urban–Rural Transformation in China
		1.2.1 New Stage of Urbanization and Urban–Rural Relationship
		1.2.2 Critical Stage of Agricultural and Rural Development
		1.2.3 Improving Perfection of Urban–Rural Policy System
	1.3 Perspectives and Themes of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
		1.3.1 Multidisciplinary Research on Urban–Rural Transformation
		1.3.3 Main Research Topic of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
	References
2 Research Progress and Practical Enlightenment of Urban–Rural Transformation
	Abstract
	2.1 Research Progress on Urban–Rural Transformation
		2.1.1 Research Progress on the Non-agriculturalization of Urban–Rural Elements
		2.1.2 Research Progress on Urban–Rural Integration
		2.1.3 Research Progress on Rural Transformation and Hollowing
		2.1.4 Research on the Measurement and Evaluation of Urban–Rural Transformation
		2.1.5 Research on the Mechanism and Mode of Urban–Rural Transformation
		2.1.6 The Impact of Urban–Rural Transformation on Resources and Environment
	2.2 Practice and Exploration of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
		2.2.1 Characteristics of Urban–Rural Transformation from 1949 to 1977
		2.2.2 Characteristics of Urban–Rural Transformation from 1978 to 1984
		2.2.3 Characteristics of Urban–Rural Transformation from 1985 to 1996
		2.2.4 Characteristics of Urban–Rural Transformation from 1997 to 2012
		2.2.5 Characteristics of Urban–Rural Transformation Since 2013
	2.3 Rural Development Stages and Major Rural Policies in China
	2.4 Practice and Experience of Urban–Rural Transformation in Foreign Countries
		2.4.1 Industrial Development and Regional Support
		2.4.2 Planning System and Spatial Control
		2.4.3 Balanced Allocation of Public Resources
		2.4.4 Guarantee Mechanism for Urban–Rural Equal Rights and Interests
		2.4.5 Agricultural and Rural Development Supporting Act
	References
3 Geographical Basis and Theoretical Analysis of Urban–Rural Transformation
	Abstract
	3.1 Theoretical Basis of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.1.1 Spatial Structure and Optimization Theory
		3.1.2 Dual Economic Structure Theory
		3.1.3 Urban–Rural Regional System Theory
		3.1.4 Land Optimal Allocation Theory
		3.1.5 Urban–Rural Relationship Theory
		3.1.6 Urban–Rural Multi-body System Theory
		3.1.7 Human–Earth Relationship and Human–Earth System
	3.2 Core Concepts of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.2.1 “Transformation Tree” of Urban–Rural Development
		3.2.2 “Transformation Law” of Urban–Rural Development
		3.2.3 “Transformation Threshold” of Urban–Rural Development
		3.2.4 “Fusion Body” of Urban–Rural Development
	3.3 Theoretical Exploration of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
		3.3.1 Changes of Urban and Rural Structure and Its Law
		3.3.2 Interactive Features Between Urban and Rural Areas
		3.3.3 Evolution of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.3.4 Mechanism of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.3.5 Allocation Mechanism and Regulation of Urban and Rural Elements
		3.3.6 Theoretical Framework of Urban–Rural Integration
	3.4 Main Contents of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
		3.4.1 Spatial Pattern of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.4.2 Comprehensive Process of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.4.3 Driving Mechanism of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.4.4 Comprehensive Effect of Urban–Rural Transformation
		3.4.5 Optimal Decision of Urban–Rural Integration
	References
4 Research Methods of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
	Abstract
	4.1 Methodology of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
		4.1.1 Geographical Thinking of Urban–Rural Transformation
		4.1.2 Methodological System of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
		4.1.3 Quantitative Analysis Method of Urban–Rural Transformation
	4.2 The Comprehensive Evaluation System of Urban–Rural Transformation
		4.2.1 Evaluation Process
		4.2.2 Construction of Index System
		4.2.3 Quantitative Evaluation Method
	4.3 Comprehensive Zoning Method of Urban–Rural Transformation
		4.3.1 Regionalization Classification Method
		4.3.2 Transect Research Method
	4.4 Dynamic Mechanism of Urban–Rural Transformation
		4.4.1 Regression Analysis Method
		4.4.2 Structural Equation Model
		4.4.3 Geodetector
	4.5 Simulation and Forecast of Urban–Rural Transformation
		4.5.1 Linear Programming
		4.5.2 Multi-objective Optimization Model
		4.5.3 System Dynamics Method
		4.5.4 Gray Prediction Method
	References
5 Strategic Objectives and Regional Orientation of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
	Abstract
	5.1 Principle and Criterion of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
		5.1.1 Principle of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.1.2 Mechanism of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.1.3 Criterion of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
	5.2 Key Tasks of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.2.1 Improving Modern Agricultural Production System
		5.2.2 Strengthening the Division and Connection of Urban–Rural Industries
		5.2.3 Accelerating the Orderly Reconstruction of Urban–Rural Space
		5.2.4 Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of Urban–Rural Systems
	5.3 Overall Situation of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.3.1 Economic Growth and Optimization of Urban–Rural Structure
		5.3.2 Improvement of Social and Living Conditions
		5.3.3 Expansion of Urban Scale and Space
		5.3.4 Outstanding Urban–Rural Development Problems
	5.4 Spatial Pattern of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
		5.4.1 Design and Selection of Evaluation Index
		5.4.2 Regional Situation of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.4.3 Spatial Pattern of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.4.4 Trend of Urban–Rural Transformation
	5.5 Regionalization and Orientation of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.5.1 Comprehensive Regionalization of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.5.2 Mechanism of the Difference of Urban–Rural Transformation
		5.5.3 Development Orientation of Different Urban–Rural Transformation Regions
	References
6 Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Urban–Rural Transformation in Bohai Rim Region
	Abstract
	6.1 Process of Urban–Rural Transformation in Bohai Rim Region
		6.1.1 Urban–Rural Population Transformation
		6.1.2 Urban–Rural Industrial Transformation
		6.1.3 Urban–Rural Land Use Transformation
	6.2 Measurement of Urban–Rural Transformation Based on the Perspective of “Population-Land-Industry”
		6.2.1 Data Sources and Research Methods
		6.2.2 Measurement of Urban–Rural Transformation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
		6.2.3 Types and Zones of Urban–Rural Transformation
	6.3 Spatial Coupling Relationship of Population, Land, and Industrial Transitions in the Bohai Rim Region
		6.3.1 Coupling Analysis Method for Multiple Factors
		6.3.2 Spatiotemporal Process of Population-Land-Industry Coupling Coordination
		6.3.3 Spatiotemporal Pattern of Coupling Coordination of Any Two of Population, Land, and Industry
		6.3.4 Policy Suggestions on Optimizing and Regulating Population, Land, and Industrial Non-agriculturalization
	6.4 Spatiotemporal Patterns of Urbanization and Rural Coordinated Development in the Bohai Rim Region
		6.4.1 Data Sources and Research Methods
		6.4.2 Spatial Patterns of Urbanization and Rural Development
		6.4.3 Coordination Analysis of Urbanization and Rural Development
	6.5 Spatial Patterns of Urban–Rural Transformation in Bohai Rim Region
		6.5.1 Research Methods of Spatial Exploration
		6.5.2 Central Agglomeration of Urban Transformation
		6.5.3 Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban–Rural Transformation
		6.5.4 Spatial Trend Sensitivity of Urban–Rural Transformation
	6.6 Comprehensive Patterns of Urban–Rural Transformation in Bohai Rim Region
		6.6.1 Index System of Urban–Rural Transformation
		6.6.2 Spatial–Temporal Pattern of Urban–Rural Transformation Index
		6.6.3 Spatial–Temporal Pattern of Urban–Rural Transformation in Different Dimensions
	References
7 Resources and Environmental Effects of Urban–Rural Transformation in China
	Abstract
	7.1 Analysis of the Resources and Environmental Effects of Urban–Rural Transformation
		7.1.1 Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity in a Region
		7.1.2 Relationship Between Economic Growth and the Changes of Resources and Environment
		7.1.3 Comprehensive Resources and Environment Effect in Urban–Rural Transformation
	7.2 Coupling Analysis of Urban–Rural Transformation and Land-Use Change
		7.2.1 Theoretical Analysis: Relationship Between Urban–Rural Transformation and Land Non-agriculturalization
		7.2.2 Empirical Methods and Usage Data
		7.2.3 Impact of Urban–Rural Transition on Farmland Non-agriculturalization
	7.3 Scenario Simulation of Land System Change Under Urban–Rural Transformation
		7.3.1 Materials and Methods
			7.3.1.1 Study Area
			7.3.1.2 Data Source and Processing
			7.3.1.3 Methods
		7.3.2 Land Use Change and Simulation Under Urban–Rural Transformation
			7.3.2.1 Land Use Changes from 2000 to 2015
			7.3.2.2 Regression Analysis of Land Use Change
			7.3.2.3 Model Validation
			7.3.2.4 Multi-scenario Simulation Analysis
		7.3.3 Optimization of Land Use Pattern in BTH Region Under Urban–Rural Transformation
	7.4 Urbanization, Economic Growth, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China
		7.4.1 Data and Methods
			7.4.1.1 Data Source
			7.4.1.2 Econometric Analysis
			7.4.1.3 The EKC Model
		7.4.2 China’s Urbanization, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions
		7.4.3 The Relationships Among Urbanization, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in China
			7.4.3.1 Panel Unit Root Tests
			7.4.3.2 Panel Cointegration Tests
			7.4.3.3 Panel Cointegration Estimation
			7.4.3.4 Granger Causality Tests
			7.4.3.5 Validation of the EKC Hypothesis in China
	7.5 Assessing the Impact of Population, Income and Technology on Energy Consumption and Industrial Pollutant Emissions in China
		7.5.1 Theoretical Background and Methodology
			7.5.1.1 Theoretical Base
			7.5.1.2 Improved STIRPAT Model
			7.5.1.3 Model Estimation
		7.5.2 Data Source and Description
			7.5.2.1 Data Sources
			7.5.2.2 Data Description
		7.5.3 Empirical Results and Discussions
			7.5.3.1 Human Activities and Energy Consumption
			7.5.3.2 Human Activities and Industrial Pollutant Emissions
			7.5.3.3 The EKC Relationships Between Per Capita Income and Industrial Pollutant Emissions
		7.5.4 Policy Implications
	7.6 Effects of Urban–Rural Transformation on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions
		7.6.1 Theoretical Analysis: Urban–Rural Transformation and Energy and CO2 Environmental Effects
		7.6.3 Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission Effect of Urban–Rural Transition
		7.6.4 Policy Implications to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions
	7.7 Analysis of the Impacts of Village Transformation on Resources and Environment
		7.7.1 Theoretical Analysis: Village Transformation and Its Resource and Environmental Effects
	References
8 Optimizing Ideas and Institutional Innovations for Urban–Rural Transformation in China
	Abstract
	8.1 Main Tasks of Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.1.1 Revolutionizing the Dualistic Urban–Rural System
		8.1.2 Optimizing the Urban–Rural Development Pattern
		8.1.3 Improving the Social Governance Ability
		8.1.4 Balancing Public Resources Allocation
		8.1.5 Coordinating the Remediation of Resource and Environment
	8.2 Optimizing Ideas and Pathways Towards Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.2.1 Optimizing Ideas of Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.2.2 Conceptual Framework of Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.2.3 Pathways Towards Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.2.4 Regional Types of Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.2.5 Land Engineering as a Technical Support
	8.3 Institutional Innovations on Urban–Rural Transformation
		8.3.1 Deepening the Reform of Urban–Rural Household Registration (hukou) System
		8.3.2 Improving Rural Land System Reform and Reconstruction for Management
		8.3.3 Reforming the System of Public Resources Allocation
		8.3.4 Innovating the Collaborative System of Urban–Rural Governance
		8.3.5 Improving the Government Performance Appraisal Mechanism
		8.3.6 Facilitating the Reform of the Fiscal and Taxation System
	References
9 Conclusions and Research Prospects
	Abstract
	9.1 Main Conclusions
	9.2 Research Prospects of Urban–Rural Transformation Geography
		9.2.1 Future Research Prospects of Human-Earth System Science
		9.2.2 Future Research Prospects of Urban–Rural Transformation
	References