Urban Drainage and Storage Practices

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Stormwater Systems
	1.1 Urban Stormwater Drainage Systems
	1.2 Stormwater Drainage Facilities
		1.2.1 Water Quality Facilities
		1.2.2 Collection Facilities
		1.2.3 Conveyance Facilities
		1.2.4 Storage Facilities
	1.3 Stormwater Planning
	1.4 Stormwater Regional and Local Planning
	1.5 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 2 Design Rainfall Distribution
	2.1 Hydrologic Cycle
	2.2 Rainfall Measurement
	2.3 Rainfall Analysis
		2.3.1 Continuous Record
		2.3.2 Rainfall Depth–Duration and Intensity–Duration Curves
	2.4 Rainfall Frequency–Depth Analysis
		2.4.1 Rainfall Annual Database
		2.4.2 Sample Statistics
		2.4.3 Plotting Position
		2.4.4 Probability Distributions
			Gumbel Distribution
			Exponential Distribution
			Normal Distribution
			Pearson Type Iii Distribution
		2.4.5 Confidence Limits
	2.5 Design Rainfall Information
		2.5.1 Technical Paper 40 (TP40)
		2.5.2 NOAA Atlas 14
		2.5.3 Continuous Precipitation Data
	2.6 Design Rainfall Distribution
		2.6.1 24-hour Rainfall Distribution Curves
		2.6.2 2-hour Design Rainfall Distributions
		2.6.3 Derivation of Localized Design Rainfall Distribution
	2.7 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 3 Runoff Hydrology
	3.1 Watershed Land Uses
	3.2 Hydrologic Types of Soils
	3.3 Hydrologic Losses
		3.3.1 Interception Losses
		3.3.2 Infiltration Losses
			Horton’s Formula
			Green and Ampt
		3.3.3 Movement of the Wetting Front
		3.3.4 Depression Losses
		3.3.5 Surface Detention Volume
	3.4 Excess Rainfall
		3.4.1 Seepage Flow Model for Rainfall Reduction
		3.4.2 Soil Storage Model for Rainfall Reduction
	3.5 Runoff Hydrograph
		3.5.1 Runoff Hydrograph Analysis
	3.6 Unit Hydrograph and the S-curve
		3.6.1 Unit Hydrograph Derived from an Observed Hydrograph
		3.6.2 Unit Hydrograph Derived from an S-curve
	3.7 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 4 Rational Method
	4.1 Rational Method
	4.2 Design Rainfall Information
	4.3 Volume-based Runoff Coefficient
		4.3.1 Runoff Coefficients
		4.3.2 Weighted Runoff Coefficient
	4.4 Time of Concentration
		4.4.1 Time of Concentration for Existing Conditions
		4.4.2 Time of Concentration for Future Conditions
		4.4.3 Empirical Formulas for Time of Concentration
	4.5 Rational Hydrograph Method
	4.6 Applicability Limit
	Homework
	References
Chapter 5 Unit Hydrograph
	5.1 Agricultural Synthetic Unitgraph
	5.2 Rational Unit Graph
	5.3 Urban Synthetic Unit Graph
	5.4 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 6 Kinematic Wave Method
	6.1 Kinematic Wave Approach
	6.2 Conversion of a Watershed into a Rectangular Plane
	6.3 Overland KW Flow
	6.4 Kw Dimensionless Unit Graph
	6.5 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 7 Kinematic Wave Watershed Modeling
	7.1 KW Cascading Flows
	7.2 KW Overland Flow
	7.3 Numerical Scheme for KW Overland Flow
	7.4 Numerical Modeling for KW Overland Flow
		7.4.1 Separate Flow System
		7.4.2 Cascading Flow System
	7.5 Kinematic Wave Channel Flow
	7.6 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 8 Open-Channel Hydraulics
	8.1 Classification of Channels
	8.2 Classification of Channel Flows
	8.3 Slopes in Channel Flow
	8.4 Cross-sectional Elements
	8.5 Empirical Formula
	8.6 Roughness Coefficient
	8.7 Normal Flow
	8.8 Non-Uniform Flow
	8.9 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 9 Street Conveyance Hydraulics
	9.1 Street Hydraulic Conveyance Capacity
		9.1.1 Straight Cross-Section
		9.1.2 Composite Street Section
	9.2 Traffic Safety with Street Runoff
	9.3 Discharge Reduction Method
	9.4 Allowable Street Hydraulic Conveyance Capacity
	9.5 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 10 Inlet Hydraulics
	10.1 Types of Inlet
		10.1.1 Grate Inlet
		10.1.2 Curb-opening Inlet
		10.1.3 Combination Inlet
		10.1.4 Slotted Inlet
	10.2 Inlet Hydraulics
	10.3 Determination of Design Discharge
	10.4 Clogging Factor
	10.5 Grate Inlet on a Continuous Grade
	10.6 Grate Inlet in a Sump
	10.7 Curb Opening on a Grade
	10.8 Curb-opening Inlet in a Sump
	10.9 Slotted Inlet
	10.10 Combination Inlet
	10.11 Carryover Flow
	10.12 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 11 Roadway Storage Basin
	11.1 Stormwater Detention Volume
		11.1.1 In-stream Detention Volume
		11.1.2 Off-stream Detention Volume
	11.2 Storage Volume at a Street Sump Inlet
		11.2.1 Storage Volume at Sump Inlet
		11.2.2 Sump Street Storage Capacity
			Volume for H < Hc
			Volume for H > Hc
	11.3 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 12 Culvert Hydraulics
	12.1 Culvert Layout and Design Considerations
	12.2 Culvert Sizing
	12.3 Culvert Hydraulics
		12.3.1 Culvert Hydraulics Under Inlet Control
		12.3.2 Culvert Hydraulics Under Outlet Control
		12.3.3 Determination of Culvert Capacity
	12.4 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 13 Storm Sewer System Design
	13.1 Layout of Storm Sewer System
	13.2 Vertical Profile
	13.3 Manhole in Sewer System
	13.4 Incoming Laterals
	13.5 Classification of Sewers
	13.6 Sewer Sizing
		13.6.1 Circular Sewers
		13.6.2 Arch (elliptical) Sewer Hydraulics
		13.6.3 Box Sewer Hydraulics
	13.7 Design Constraints
	13.8 Design Procedures
	13.9 Design Discharge
	13.10 Case Study
	Homework
	References
Chapter 14 Detention Basin Sizing
	14.1 Types of Detention Basin
		14.1.1 Classification Based on Location
	14.2 Design Considerations
		14.2.1 Location
		14.2.2 Basic Layout
		14.2.3 Groundwater Impacts
		14.2.4 Inlet and Outlet Works
		14.2.5 Other Considerations
	14.3 Detention Process
	14.4 Allowable Flow Release
	14.5 Design Procedure
	14.6 Detention Volume
	14.7 Preliminary Shaping
		14.7.1 Rectangular Basin
		14.7.2 Triangular Basin
	14.8 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 15 Outlet Work
	15.1 Perforated Plate
	15.2 Vertical Orifice
	15.3 Horizontal Orifice
	15.4 Weir Hydraulics
		15.4.1 Rectangular Weir
		15.4.2 Triangular Weir
		15.4.3 Trapezoidal Weir
	15.5 Culvert Hydraulics
		15.5.1 Outlet-control Culvert Hydraulics
		15.5.2 Inlet-control Culvert Hydraulics
		15.5.3 Discharge Capacity of Concrete Vault
	15.6 Characteristic Curve
	15.7 Maintenance and Safety
	Homework
	References
Chapter 16 Performance of Detention Basin
	16.1 Performance Evaluation of Basin
		16.1.1 Storage-outflow Curve
	16.2 Hydrologic Routing Schemes
		16.2.1 Storage Routing Scheme
		16.2.2 Outflow Routing Scheme
	16.3 Evaluation of Detention Basin
	16.4 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 17 Energy Dissipation Basin
	17.1 Specific Energy
		17.1.1 Critical Flow on Specific Energy Curve
		17.1.2 Special Cases for Specific Energy
	17.2 Specific Force
		17.2.1 Critical Flow on Specific Force Curve
		17.2.2 Special Cases for Specific Force Curve
	17.3 Stilling Basin
		17.3.1 Stilling Basin Under Design
		17.3.2 Low Flow Through Stilling Basin
	17.4 Plunging Pool
		17.4.1 Composite Weir Section on Top of Drop Structure
	17.5 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 18 Stormwater Quality Capture Volume
	18.1 Review of Urban Drainage Systems
	18.2 Filtering and Infiltrating Devices
	18.3 Rainfall and Runoff Distributions
	18.4 Concept of Runoff Capture
	18.5 Runoff Capture Analysis
		18.5.1 Runoff Volume Capture Analysis for Single Event
		18.5.2 Runoff Volume Capture Analyses for Long-term Records
		18.5.3 Runoff Event Capture Ratio
	18.6 Dimensionless Runoff Capture Formula
	18.7 Empirical Formula for WQCV
	18.8 Water Quality Peak Flow
	18.9 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 19 Porous Basin
	19.1 Lid Site Plan
	19.2 Incentive Index for LID Site
		19.2.1 Area-Weighted Imperviousness
		19.2.2 Volume-Weighted Imperviousness
	19.3 Cascading Drainage Pattern
	19.4 Types of LID Device
		19.4.1 Porous Basins
		19.4.2 Porous Pavement
	19.5 Design Volume for a Porous Basin
		19.5.1 WQCV for Basin Sizing
		19.5.2 Pore Storage Capacity in Filtering Layers
	19.6 Seepage Flow and Drain Time
		19.6.1 Case 1: Without a Cap Orifice
		19.6.2 Case 2: With a Cap Orifice
	19.7 Dry Time of Sub-base
	19.8 Clogging Effect and Lifecyle
	19.9 Evaluation of LID Performance
	19.10 Conclusions
	Homework
	References
Chapter 20 Stormwater Regional Planning
	20.1 Design Flow as Loading to System
	20.2 Runoff Flow Loading Approach
	20.3 Conveyance and Storage Facilities
	20.4 Interim Facilities for Urban Renewal
		20.4.1 Temporary Channel and Off-stream Storage Systems
		20.4.3 Temporary Flood Gate and Pump Systems
	20.5 Conclusions
	References
Index