Urban Crisis: Culture and the Sustainability of Cities

Urban crisis: Culture and the sustainability of cities......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
List of tables and figures......Page 9
List of contributors......Page 11
Preface......Page 14
List of acronyms......Page 16
Part I: Culture in sustainability of cities I......Page 19
1 Introduction......Page 21
Urbanizing Asia......Page 22
Urbanization and city formation: Features, issues, and unsustainability......Page 24
Imagining sustainable urbanization......Page 25
Studies on city, culture, and planning......Page 26
The Kanazawa Initiative......Page 27
Conclusion......Page 28
Notes......Page 29
What development implies......Page 31
Dawning of awareness......Page 32
Environmental concerns go global......Page 33
View of the environment......Page 34
Technology as key......Page 35
Sustainable development indicators......Page 36
Framework for sustainable development......Page 37
Genuine saving framework......Page 38
Culture in the sustainable development paradigm......Page 39
Sorting out some conceptual and definitional issues......Page 40
Evolution of culture as a concept......Page 41
Culture and economy......Page 46
UNESCO’s lead......Page 48
World Bank joins......Page 50
Lacking clear conceptualization......Page 51
Diverse perspectives......Page 52
Culture-centred sustainability......Page 53
Approaching a workable framework......Page 54
Cultural capital framework......Page 56
Nadarajah’s eight principles framework (‘‘sustainable enlightened localism’’)......Page 57
Focusing on culture......Page 59
Concluding remarks......Page 62
Notes......Page 63
Archie Kleingartner: Active cultural policy......Page 69
Sang-Chuel Choe: Reinstating cultural identity in local urban processes and built environment......Page 70
David Throsby: Economics and cultural capital......Page 71
Praful Pradhan: Nine principles of urban governance......Page 73
Paul Taylor: Civic culture......Page 74
Notes......Page 76
Part II: Four Asian case studies......Page 77
4 Introduction......Page 79
Introduction......Page 80
Why Patan?......Page 83
The Kirata towns......Page 86
Towns in the Lichchhavi period......Page 87
Malla towns: Larger in size and wider ritual mediation......Page 88
The legendary founding of Patan......Page 90
Patan in the Lichchhavi period......Page 91
Early medieval Patan......Page 92
The Malla Patan......Page 93
First cultural period......Page 95
Second cultural period......Page 97
Third cultural period......Page 100
Lessons from Patan’s past in the creative use of culture in urban sustainability......Page 104
Present moves towards transforming and creatively using cultural heritage......Page 106
Cultural heritage tourism......Page 107
Hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies......Page 108
Tourist peddlers (hawkers)......Page 109
Creative use of skills and culture: Product adaptation......Page 110
Moderating heterogeneity......Page 111
Recreating community participation......Page 112
Patan Conservation and Development Program......Page 113
Components of the Patan programme......Page 114
What is sustaining after the project?......Page 115
Creating pride in the past through adaptive reuse......Page 116
NGOs and CBOs in conservation: Patan Gate Visual Improvement......Page 117
Patan Tourism Development Organization: An NGO with a mission......Page 118
Conclusion......Page 119
Notes......Page 121
Introduction to Penang......Page 125
The governance discourse......Page 127
The Sustainable Penang Initiative: Local and global context......Page 128
The impact of the Sustainable Penang Initiative......Page 130
Repeal of the Rent Control Act......Page 132
Penang Heritage Trust......Page 133
The market discourse......Page 134
The (emergent) culturalist discourse......Page 135
Eight principles for a culture of sustainability......Page 137
Problems of local governance......Page 144
Conclusion: Heritage, culture, and sustainability......Page 145
Notes......Page 147
Introduction......Page 151
Cities and sustainability......Page 152
Culture and sustainable development......Page 153
Cities and culture......Page 154
Historical and cultural characteristics of Cheongju......Page 155
Cultural system and cultural sustainability......Page 159
Culture of sustainable urban development......Page 165
Local and global cultural interface......Page 168
Concluding remarks: A comparative view......Page 171
Notes......Page 173
Introduction: Background and framework to the study......Page 174
Historical development of the city of Kanazawa......Page 176
Coexistence of environment, culture, and economy: Endogenous development of Kanazawa......Page 178
Socio-cultural development of Kanazawa: The cultural policy and cultural creativity......Page 180
Towards a cultural mode of production......Page 183
Kanazawa: A creative and sustainable city – The main actors......Page 189
Indicators of the creative and sustainable city......Page 190
Notes......Page 192
The character of Kanazawa......Page 193
Measures undertaken by the local government......Page 195
History of Owaricho......Page 199
Conclusion......Page 202
Some common concerns......Page 204
Internal cultural transformation approach......Page 205
The multiculturalism and enlightened localism approach......Page 206
The cultural mode of production approach......Page 207
Conclusion......Page 208
Part III: Culture in sustainability of cities II......Page 209
Introduction......Page 211
Culture and cultural indicators......Page 213
Challenges in constructing cultural indicators......Page 215
Cultural statistics/indicators in some selected countries......Page 216
The political dimension of cultural indicators......Page 217
The work of international organizations on culture and development......Page 218
Urban culture and urban indicators......Page 220
Conceptual research in developing indicators......Page 222
Production and consumption of culture......Page 223
Discussion and conclusions......Page 225
Notes......Page 230
Byoung-E. Yang: Sustainable development indicators and cultural indicators......Page 232
Young-Chool Choi and Hyoung-Kee Kang: In search of cultural indicators for the city of Cheongju (Korea)......Page 234
Cultural indicators......Page 235
Cultural indicators employed to select ‘‘cultural local government of the year’’......Page 239
A narrative ordering for ‘‘culture in sustainability of cities’’......Page 241
Culture......Page 242
Culture and economic growth......Page 244
Governance......Page 245
Conclusion: The Kanazawa Initiative and the future of (Asian) cities......Page 246
Notes......Page 247
Organization of World Heritage Cities......Page 248
International Centre for Sustainable Cities......Page 249
Sustainable Cities Research Institute......Page 250
The Urban Governance Initiative (TUGI)......Page 251
The Sustainable Cities Initiative: Putting the City at the Centre of Public-Private Infrastructure Investment......Page 252
Asian Coalition for Housing Rights......Page 253
The SUSTRAN Network......Page 254
Index......Page 255