Up and Running with AutoCAD 2023: 2D and 3D Drawing, Design and Modeling

Up and Running with AutoCAD® 2023:  2D and 3D Drawing, Design and Modeling
Copyright
About the authors
Acknowledgments
Preface
	What is Autocad?
	About this book
	Teaching methods
	Text organization
	What your goal should be
Chapters 1—10
1. AutoCAD fundamentals-Part I
	1.1 Introduction and basic commands
		Create Objects
		Edit/Modify Objects
		View Objects
	1.2 The AutoCAD environment
	1.3 INTERACTING WITH AUTOCAD
		Method 1. Type in the Commands on the Command Line
		Method 2. Use the Ribbon Tabs, Panels, and Tools
	1.4 Practicing the create objects commands
		Line
		Circle
		Arc
		Rectangle
	1.5 View objects
		Zoom
		Pan
		Regen
	1.6 Practicing the Edit/Modify objects commands
		Erase
		Move
		Copy
		Rotate
		Scale
		Trim
		Extend
		Offset
		Mirror
		Fillet
	1.7 Selection methods
	1.8 Drawing accuracy - part 1
		Ortho (F8)
	1.9 Drawing accuracy - part 2
		OSNAPs
		ENDpoint
		MIDpoint
		CENter
		QUADrant
		INTersection
		PERPendicular
	1.10 OSNAP drafting settings
	Summary
	Review questions
		Exercises
2. AutoCAD fundamentals-Part II
	Learning objectives
	2.1 GRIPS
	2.2 Units and scale
	2.3 Snap and Grid
		To set Snap
		To Set Grid
	2.4 Cartesian coordinate system
	2.5 Geometric data entry
		Dynamic Input
		Manual Input
	2.6 Inquiry commands
		Quick
		Area
			Point by Point
			Object
		Distance
		List
		ID
		Radius and Angle
	2.7 Additional drafting commands
		Explode
		Polygon
		Drawing Challenge - Star
		Ellipse
		Chamfer
		Templates
		Limits
		Save
		Help Files
		TANgent OSNAP
		Time
		Drawing the Star
	Summary
	Review questions
		Exercises
Spotlight on: architecture
3. Layers, colors, linetypes, and properties
	Learning objectives
	3.1 Introduction to layers
		What are layers?
		Why use them?
		Creating and deleting layers
		Making a layer current
		Assigning layer colors
		Index Color
		True Color
		Color Books
		Layer Freeze/Thaw and On/Off
		Layer Lock/Unlock
	3.2 Introduction to linetypes
	3.3 Introduction to properties
		Properties palette
		Match Properties
		Layers and the Ribbon
	3.4 In-class drawing project: floor plan layout
		Basic file preparation
		Starting the floor plan
		Drawing the inner wall geometry
		Drawing the doors and windows
		Doors
		Windows
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
4. Text, mtext, editing, and style
	4.1 Introduction to text and mtext
	4.2 Text (single line)
		Editing Text
	4.3 Mtext
		Formatting mtext
		Toolbar text editing
	4.4 Style
	4.5 Spell check
	4.6 In-Class drawing project: adding text and furniture to floor plan layout
		NEArest OSNAP
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
5. Hatch patterns
	5.1 Introduction to Hatch
		Architecture
		Civil engineering
		Mechanical engineering
	5.2 Hatch procedures
		Step 1. Pick the Hatch pattern you want to use
		Step 2. Indicate where you want the pattern to go
			Pick Points
		Step 3. Fine-Tune the pattern by adjusting scale and angle (if necessary)
		Step 4. Watch the Preview of the pattern and accept it if it is OK
	5.3 Working with Hatch patterns
		Exploding Hatch patterns
		Hatch pattern layers and colors
		Advanced Hatch topics
			Origin
			Options
			Gap Tolerance
	5.4 Gradient and solid fill
		Solid fill
	5.5 SuperHatch
	5.6 In-Class drawing project: adding Hatch to floor plan layout
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Spotlight on: mechanical engineering
6. Dimensions
	Learning objectives
	6.1 Introduction to dimensions
	6.2 Types of dimensions
		Linear dimensions
		Aligned dimension
		Diameter dimension
		Radius dimension
		Angular dimension
		Continuous dimensions
		Baseline dimensions
		Leader and multileader
		Leader
		Multileader
		Secondary dimensions
	6.3 Editing dimensions
	6.4 Customizing dimensions
		Dimstyle
		Step 1. Change the units of the dimensions
		Step 2. Change the font of the dimensions
		Step 3. Change the arrowheads of the dimensions
		Step 4. Change the fit (size) of the dimensions
	6.5 Center marks and centerlines
	6.6 In-Class drawing project: adding dimensions to floor plan layout
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
7. Blocks, Wblocks, dynamic blocks, groups, and purge
	7.1 Introduction to blocks
		Blocks versus the wblock command
		Creating a block
			Retain
			Convert to block
			Delete
	7.2 Insert
	7.3 Purge
	7.4 Wblocks
		Retain
		Convert to block
		Delete from drawing
		Inserting blocks from other files or entire .dwg files
	7.5 Dynamic blocks
		Actions and parameters
		Visibility
	7.6 Groups
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
8. Polar, rectangular, and path arrays
	8.1 Polar array
		Steps in creating a polar array
		Additional operations with polar array
	8.2 Rectangular array
		Steps in creating a rectangular array
		Additional operations with rectangular array
	8.3 Path array
		Steps in creating a path array
		Additional operations with path array
	8.4 In-class drawing project: mechanical device
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Spotlight on: interior design
9. Basic printing and output
	9.1 Introduction to printing and plotting
	9.2 The essentials
		What printer or plotter to use
		What paper size to use
		What area to plot
			Extents
			Window
			Display and limits
		At what scale to plot
		What pen settings to use
		What orientation to use
		What offset to use
		Miscellaneous
	9.3 The plot dialog box
		Preview
	9.4 Page setup manager
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercise
10. Advanced output-Paper Space
	10.1 Introduction to Paper Space
		What is Paper Space?
	10.2 Paper Space concepts
		Layouts
		Viewports
		Floating Model Space
		Modifying the Viewport
		Polygonal Viewport
		Scaling
		Layers
		Lock VP
		Hiding the VP
		Text and dims
		Annotation and Annotative Objects
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Answers to review questions
Chapters 11—20
11. Advanced linework
	11.1 Introduction to advanced linework
	11.2 Pline (polyline)
		Pedit
		Exploding a pline
		Additional pline options
			Stretch
			Add Vertex
			Convert to arc
		Boundary
	11.3 Xline (construction line)
	11.4 Ray
	11.5 Spline
	11.6 Mline (multiline)
		Modifying the mline
		Mlstyle (multiline style)
		Mledit (Multiline Edit)
		Other Mline properties
	11.7 Sketch
		Applications of sketch
		GEOmetric center OSNAP
	11.8 Level 2 drawing project (1 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
12. Advanced layers
	Learning objectives
	12.1 Introduction to advanced layers
	12.2 Script files
	12.3 Layer State Manager
	12.4 Layer filtering
	12.5 Layer Freeze, Isolate, and Walk
		Layer Freeze
		Layer Isolate
		Layer Walk
	12.6 Level 2 drawing project (2 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Spotlight on: electrical engineering
13. Advanced dimensions
	13.1 Introduction to advanced dimensions
	13.2 Dimension Style Manager
		Lines tab
		Symbols and Arrows tab
		Text tab
		Fit tab
		Primary Units tab
		Alternate Units tab
		Tolerances tab
	13.3 Introduction to constraints
	13.4 Geometric constraints
		Types of geometric constraints
		Adding geometric constraints
		Hiding, showing, and deleting geometric constraints
	13.5 Dimensional constraints
		Working with dimensional constraints
	13.6 Dimension-driven design
	13.7 Level 2 drawing project (3 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
14. Options, Shortcuts, CUI, Design Center, and Express Tools
	Learning objectives
	14.1 Options
		Files Tab
		Display Tab
			Window Elements
			Layout Elements
			Display Resolution
			Display Performance
			Crosshair Size
			Fade Control
		Open and Save Tab
			File Save
			File Safety Precautions
			File Open
			Applications Menu
			External References (Xrefs)
			ObjectARX Applications
		Plot and Publish Tab
			Default Plot Settings for New Drawings
			Plot to File
			Background Processing Options
			Plot and Publish Log File
			Auto Publish
			General Plot Options
			Specify Plot Offset Relative To
			Plot Stamp Settings…
			Plot Style Table Settings
		System Tab
			Hardware Acceleration
			Current Pointing Device
			Touch Experience
			Layout Regen Options
			General Options
			Help
			InfoCenter
			Security
			dbConnect Options
		User Preferences Tab
			Windows Standard Behavior
			Insertion Scale
			Hyperlink
			Fields
			Priority for Coordinate Data Entry
			Associative Dimensioning
			Undo/Redo
			Block Editor Settings…
			Lineweight Settings…
			Default Scale List…
		Drafting Tab
			AutoSnap Settings
			AutoSnap Marker Size
			Object Snap Options
			Auto Track Settings
			Alignment Point Acquisition
			Aperture Size
			Drafting Tooltip Settings…
			Lights Glyph Settings … and Cameras Glyph Settings…
		3D Modeling Tab
		Selection Tab
			Pickbox Size
			Selection Modes
			Ribbon Options
			Grip Size
			Grips
			Preview
			Profiles Tab
	14.2 Shortcuts
		PGP File
		Altering the PGP File
	14.3 Customize User Interface
	14.4 Design Center
	14.5 Express tools
		Block Tools
		Text
		Modify Tools
		Layout Tools
		Draw Tools
		Dimension Tools
		Tools
		Web Tools
	14.6 Level 2 drawing project (4 of 10): Architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
		Exercises
15. Advanced design and file management tools
	15.1 Introduction to advanced design and file management tools
	15.2 Align
	15.3 Action recording
	15.4 Audit and recover
	15.5 Blend
	15.6 Break and join
		Break, Method 1
		Single Break, Method 2
		Join
	15.7 CAD standards
	15.8 Calculator
	15.9 Defpoints
	15.10 Divide and point style
	15.11 Donut
	15.12 Draw order
	15.13 eTransmit
	15.14 Filter
	15.15 Hyperlink
	15.16 Lengthen
	15.17 Object snap tracking
	15.18 Overkill
	15.19 Point and node
	15.20 Publish
	15.21 Raster
	15.22 Revcloud
	15.23 Sheet sets
	15.24 Selection methods
	15.25 Stretch
	15.26 System variables
	15.27 Tables
	15.28 Tool palette
	15.29 UCS and crosshair rotation
		Method 1
		Method 2
	15.30 Window tiling
	15.31 Wipeout
	15.32 Level 2 drawing project (5 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Spotlight on: civil engineering
16. Importing and exporting data
	Learning objectives
	16.1 Introduction to importing and exporting data
	16.2 Importing and exporting to and from MS office applications
		Word into AutoCAD
		AutoCAD into Word
		Excel into AutoCAD
		AutoCAD into Excel
		PowerPoint into AutoCAD
		AutoCAD into PowerPoint
	16.3 Screen shots
	16.4 JPGs
	16.5 PDFs
	16.6 Other cad software
	16.7 Exporting and the save as feature
	16.8 Inserting and OLE
	16.9 Level 2 drawing project (6 Of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Exercise
17. External references (xrefs)
	Learning objectives
	17.1 Introduction to xrefs
		What Is an Xref?
		Why Do We Need an Xref? What Is the Benefit?
	17.2 Using xrefs
	17.3 Layers in xrefs
	17.4 Editing and reloading xrefs
	17.5 Multiple xrefs
	17.6 Ribbon and xrefs
	17.7 Level 2 drawing project (7 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
		Exercise
18. Attributes
	Learning objectives
	18.1 Introduction to attributes
	18.2 Creating the design
	18.3 Creating the attribute definitions
	18.4 Creating the attribute block
	18.5 Attribute properties and editing
		Exploding attributes
		Inserting attributes
	18.6 Attribute extraction
	18.7 Invisible attributes
	18.8 Level 2 drawing project (8 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercise
Spotlight on: aerospace engineering
19. Advanced output and pen settings
	Learning objectives
	19.1 Introduction to advanced output and pen settings
	19.2 Setting standards
	19.3 The CTB file
		Step 1
		Step 2
		Step 3
	19.4 Additional CTB file features
	19.5 Lineweight VISIBILITY Settings
	19.6 Level 2 drawing project (9 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercise
20. Isometric drawing
	20.1 Introduction to graphical projection
		Types of projections
	20.2 Isometric projection
		Why use isometric projection instead of 3D?
		When not to use isometric perspective
	20.3 Basic technique
	20.4 Ellipses in isometric drawing
	20.5 Text and dimensions in isometric drawing
	20.6 Level 2 drawing project (10 of 10): architectural floor plan
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Answers to review questions
Chapters 21—30
21. 3D Basics
	Learning objectives
	21.1 Axes, Planes, and Faces
	21.2 3D Workspaces, Ribbon, Toolbars, and 3D Options
	21.3 Entering and Exiting 3D
	21.4 Projecting into 3D
		Method 1 (New)
		Method 2 (Classic)
	21.5 3D Dynamic Views
	21.6 Extrude
	21.7 Visual Styles: Hide and Shade
	21.8 Viewcube and Navigation Bar
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
22. Object Manipulation
	Learning objectives
	22.1 Introduction to Object Manipulation
		Rotate3D
		3Drotate (Gizmo)
			3D Modeling Exercise: Chair
		Mirror3D
			3D Modeling Exercise: Bookshelf
		3Darray
		3Dscale
		3Dmove
		Fillets and Chamfers in 3D
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Spotlight on: chemical engineering
23. Boolean operations and primitives
	Learning objectives
	23.1 Introduction to boolean operations
		Union
		Subtract
		Intersect
			3D Modeling exercise: building wall with door and window
	23.2 Introduction to primitives
		Box
		Wedge
		Cone
		Sphere
		Cylinder
		Torus
		Pyramid
	23.3 Applying primitives
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
24. Solid Modeling
	Learning objectives
	24.1 Introduction to Solid Modeling
		Revolve
		Shell
		Taper
			3D Modeling Exercise: Wastebasket
		Loft
			3D Modeling Exercise: Mechanical Drill Bit
		Path Extrusion
		Sweep
			Drawing Challenge: Helical Coil
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
25. Advanced Solids, Faces, and Edges
	Learning objectives
	25.1 Introduction To Advanced Solids, Faces, And Edges
		Polysolid
		Helix
		3D Path Array
		3Dalign
	25.2 Working With Faces
		Delete Faces
		Move Faces
		Copy Faces
		Offset Faces
		Rotate Faces
		Color Faces
	25.3 Working With Edges
		Color Edges
		Copy Edges
			Helical Coil Explained
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
Spotlight on: biomedical engineering
26. Surfaces and meshes
	Learning objectives
	26.1 Introduction to Surfaces and Meshes
	26.2 Surfacing Commands
		Planar Surface
		Region
		Rulesurf
		Tabsurf
		Revsurf
		Edgesurf
		3Dface and 3Dmesh
	26.3 Smooth Mesh Primitives
		Mesh Modification 1. Smoothness
			Mesh Modification 2. Filters and Gizmos
		Mesh Modification 3. Additional Tools
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
27. Slicing, sectioning, layouts, and vports
	Learning objectives
	27.1 Introduction to slicing, sectioning, layouts, and vports
	27.2 Slicing and sectioning
		Slice
		Section
	27.3 Layouts and details
		VIEWBASE Establishes the Base (Parent) View
		VIEWPROJ Establishes Additional Projections
		VIEWSECTION Creates Section Views
		VIEWDETAIL Creates Detail Views
		Additional Layout Options
	27.4 Flatten and flatshot
		Flatten
		Flatshot
	27.5 Vports
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercise
28. Advanced UCS, Views, Text, and Dimensions in 3D
	Learning objectives
	28.1 Introduction To Advanced Ucs, Views, Text, And Dimensions In 3d
	28.2 Advanced Ucs
		UCS
		World
		UCS Previous
		Face UCS
	Object
		View
		Origin
		Z-Axis Vector
		3 Point
		X, Y, and Z
		Named UCS
	28.3 Views And View Manager
	28.4 Text And Dimensions In 3d
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercise
Spotlight on: drafting, CAD management, teaching, andconsulting
	Overview
	AutoCAD training requirements
	Architectural drafting
	Engineering drafting
	CAD management
	Teaching AutoCAD
	AutoCAD consulting
29. Dview, camera, walk and fly, path animation
	Learning objectives
	29.1 Dynamic view
		Camera
		Target
		Distance
		Points
		Pan
		Zoom
		Twist
		Clip
		Hide
		Off
		Undo
	29.2 Cameras
	29.3 Walk and fly
	29.4 Path animation
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercises
30. Lighting and rendering
	Learning objectives
	30.1 Introduction to lighting and rendering
	30.2 Lighting
		Point Light
		Spotlight
		Distant light
			Lighting options
		Shadows, sun, and sky
	30.3 Materials and rendering
		Materials
		Rendering
	Summary
	Review questions
	Exercise
Answers to review questions
A - Additional Information on AutoCAD
	A.1 WHO MAKES AUTOCAD?
	A.2 WHAT IS AUTOCAD LT?
	A.3 HOW IS AUTOCAD PURCHASED AND HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?
	A.4 ARE THERE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AUTOCAD RELEASES?
	A.5 IS THERE AN AUTOCAD FOR THE MAC?
	A.6 A BRIEF HISTORY OF AUTODESK AND AUTOCAD
	A.7 AUTOCAD RELEASES
	A.8 MAJOR AUTODESK PRODUCTS
	A.9 AUTOCAD-RELATED WEBSITES
B - Other CAD software, design and analysis tools, and concepts
	B.1 MicroStation
	B.2 ArchiCAD
	B.3 TurboCAD
	B.4 Other design software
		B.4.1 CATIA
		B.4.2 NX
		B.4.3 PTC Creo elements/Pro (formerly Pro/ENGINEER)
		B.4.4 SolidWorks
		B.4.5 Inventor
		B.4.6 IronCAD
		B.4.7 SolidEdge
		B.4.8 NASTRAN
		B.4.9 ANSYS
C - File extensions
	C.1 AUTOCAD PRIMARY EXTENSIONS
	C.2 AUTOCAD SECONDARY EXTENSIONS
	C.3 MISCELLANEOUS SOFTWARE EXTENSIONS
D - Custom linetypes and hatch patterns
	D.1 LINETYPE DEFINITIONS (BASIC)
	D.2 LINETYPES (STRING COMPLEX AND SHAPE COMPLEX)
	D.3 HATCH PATTERN DEFINITIONS (BASIC)
E - Principles of CAD management
	E.1 PART 1: KNOW THE EIGHT GOLDEN RULES OF AUTOCAD
	E.2 PART 2: KNOW THE CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF AUTOCAD
		Capabilities
		Limitations
	E.3 PART 3: MAINTAIN AN OFFICE CAD STANDARD
	E.4 PART 4: BE AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER AND HIRING MANAGER
	E.5 PART 5: STAY CURRENT AND COMPETENT
F - AutoLISP basics and advanced customization tools
	F.1 Overview 1: AutoLISP
	F.2 Overview 2: Visual LISP
	F.3 Overview 3: VBA, .NET, Active X, and ObjectARX
	F.4 AutoLISP fundamentals
	F.5 Variables and comments
	F.6 Advanced features and the vlide command
G - PC hardware, printers/plotters, networks, and the cloud
	G.1 PC Hardware
		AutoCAD Requirements (Windows)
	G.2 Printers and Plotters
	G.3 Networks
	G.4 The Cloud
H - What are kernels?
I - Lighting, rendering, effects, and animation
J - 3D printing
	J.1 Overview and history
	J.2 Printing process-part 1 (creating the model)
	J.3 Printing process-part 2 (exporting and preparing the model)
	J.4 Printing process-part 3 (printing the model)
	J.5 Printing process-part 4 (finishing model)
	J.6 Applications, related issues, and the future of 3D printing
K - AutoCAD certification exams
L - AutoCAD employment
M - The future of AutoCAD
	M.1 2D DESIGN, AUTOCAD, AND VERTICALS
	M.2 3D DESIGN AND SOLID MODELING
	M.3 MERGING OF INDUSTRIES
	M.4 REVIT AND BIM
	M.5 THE FUTURE OF AUTOCAD
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Z