University Physics with Modern Physics in SI Units

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Preface
Applications
Detailed Contents
Brief Contents
Mechanics
	1 Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors
		1.1 The Nature of Physics
		1.2 Solving Physics Problems
		1.3 Standards and Units
		1.4 Using and Converting Units
		1.5 Uncertainty and Significant Figures
		1.6 Estimates and Orders of Magnitude
		1.7 Vectors and Vector Addition
		1.8 Components of Vectors
		1.9 Unit Vectors
		1.10 Products of Vectors
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	2 Motion Along a Straight Line
		2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
		2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
		2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
		2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
		2.5 Freely Falling Objects
		2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	3 Motion in Two or Three Dimensions
		3.1 Position and Velocity Vectors
		3.2 The Acceleration Vector
		3.3 Projectile Motion
		3.4 Motion in a Circle
		3.5 Relative Velocity
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	4 Newton’s Laws of Motion
		4.1 Force and Interactions
		4.2 Newton’s First Law
		4.3 Newton’s Second Law
		4.4 Mass and Weight
		4.5 Newton’s Third Law
		4.6 Free-Body Diagrams
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	5 Applying Newton’s Laws
		5.1 Using Newton’s First Law: Particles in Equilibrium
		5.2 Using Newton’s Second Law: Dynamics of Particles
		5.3 Friction Forces
		5.4 Dynamics of Circular Motion
		5.5 The Fundamental Forces of Nature
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	6 Work and Kinetic Energy
		6.1 Work
		6.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem
		6.3 Work and Energy with Varying Forces
		6.4 Power
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	7 Potential Energy and Energy Conservation
		7.1 Gravitational Potential Energy
		7.2 Elastic Potential Energy
		7.3 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
		7.4 Force and Potential Energy
		7.5 Energy Diagrams
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	8 Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions
		8.1 Momentum and Impulse
		8.2 Conservation of Momentum
		8.3 Momentum Conservation and Collisions
		8.4 Elastic Collisions
		8.5 Center of Mass
		8.6 Rocket Propulsion
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	9 Rotation of Rigid Bodies
		9.1 Angular Velocity and Acceleration
		9.2 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration
		9.3 Relating Linear and Angular Kinematics
		9.4 Energy in Rotational Motion
		9.5 Parallel-Axis Theorem
		9.6 Moment-of-Inertia Calculations
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	10 Dynamics of Rotational Motion
		10.1 Torque
		10.2 Torque and Angular Acceleration for a Rigid Body
		10.3 Rigid-Body Rotation About a Moving Axis
		10.4 Work and Power in Rotational Motion
		10.5 Angular Momentum
		10.6 Conservation of Angular Momentum
		10.7 Gyroscopes and Precession
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	11 Equilibrium and Elasticity
		11.1 Conditions for Equilibrium
		11.2 Center of Gravity
		11.3 Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems
		11.4 Stress, Strain, and Elastic Moduli
		11.5 Elasticity and Plasticity
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	12 Fluid Mechanics
		12.1 Gases, Liquids, and Density
		12.2 Pressure in a Fluid
		12.3 Buoyancy
		12.4 Fluid Flow
		12.5 Bernoulli’s Equation
		12.6 Viscosity and Turbulence
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	13 Gravitation
		13.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation
		13.2 Weight
		13.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
		13.4 The Motion of Satellites
		13.5 Kepler’s Laws and the Motion of Planets
		13.6 Spherical Mass Distributions
		13.7 Apparent Weight and the Earth’s Rotation
		13.8 Black Holes
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	14 Periodic Motion
		14.1 Describing Oscillation
		14.2 Simple Harmonic Motion
		14.3 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
		14.4 Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion
		14.5 The Simple Pendulum
		14.6 The Physical Pendulum
		14.7 Damped Oscillations
		14.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
Waves/Acoustics
	15 Mechanical Waves
		15.1 Types of Mechanical Waves
		15.2 Periodic Waves
		15.3 Mathematical Description of a Wave
		15.4 Speed of a Transverse Wave
		15.5 Energy in Wave Motion
		15.6 Wave Interference, Boundary Conditions, and Superposition
		15.7 Standing Waves on a String
		15.8 Normal Modes of a String
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	16 Sound and Hearing
		16.1 Sound Waves
		16.2 Speed of Sound Waves
		16.3 Sound Intensity
		16.4 Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes
		16.5 Resonance and Sound
		16.6 Interference of Waves
		16.7 Beats
		16.8 The Doppler Effect
		16.9 Shock Waves
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
Thermodynamics
	17 Temperature and Heat
		17.1 Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
		17.2 Thermometers and Temperature Scales
		17.3 Thermal Expansion
		17.4 Quantity of Heat
		17.5 Calorimetry and Phase Changes
		17.6 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	18 Thermal Properties of Matter
		18.1 Equations of State
		18.2 Molecular Properties of Matter
		18.3 Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas
		18.4 Heat Capacities
		18.5 Molecular Speeds
		18.6 Phases of Matter
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
		19.1 Thermodynamic Systems
		19.2 Work Done During Volume Changes
		19.3 Paths Between Thermodynamic States
		19.4 Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
		19.5 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes
		19.6 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas
		19.7 Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas
		19.8 Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
		20.1 Directions of Thermodynamic Processes
		20.2 Heat Engines
		20.3 Internal-Combustion Engines
		20.4 Refrigerators
		20.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
		20.6 The Carnot Cycle
		20.7 Entropy
		20.8 Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
Electromagnetism
	21 Electric Charge and Electric Field
		21.1 Electric Charge
		21.2 Conductors, Insulators, and Induced Charges
		21.3 Coulomb’s Law
		21.4 Electric Field and Electric Forces
		21.5 Electric-Field Calculations
		21.6 Electric Field Lines
		21.7 Electric Dipoles
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	22 Gauss’s Law
		22.1 Charge and Electric Flux
		22.2 Calculating Electric Flux
		22.3 Gauss’s Law
		22.4 Applications of Gauss’s Law
		22.5 Charges on Conductors
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	23 Electric Potential
		23.1 Electric Potential Energy
		23.2 Electric Potential
		23.3 Calculating Electric Potential
		23.4 Equipotential Surfaces
		23.5 Potential Gradient
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	24 Capacitance and Dielectrics
		24.1 Capacitors and Capacitance
		24.2 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
		24.3 Energy Storage in Capacitors and Electric-Field Energy
		24.4 Dielectrics
		24.5 Molecular Model of Induced Charge
		24.6 Gauss’s Law in Dielectrics
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	25 Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force
		25.1 Current
		25.2 Resistivity
		25.3 Resistance
		25.4 Electromotive Force and Circuits
		25.5 Energy and Power in Electric Circuits
		25.6 Theory of Metallic Conduction
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	26 Direct-Current Circuits
		26.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
		26.2 Kirchhoff’s Rules
		26.3 Electrical Measuring Instruments
		26.4 R-C Circuits
		26.5 Power Distribution Systems
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	27 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces
		27.1 Magnetism
		27.2 Magnetic Field
		27.3 Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux
		27.4 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field
		27.5 Applications of Motion of Charged Particles
		27.6 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
		27.7 Force and Torque on a Current Loop
		27.8 The Direct-Current Motor
		27.9 The Hall Effect
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	28 Sources of Magnetic Field
		28.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge
		28.2 Magnetic Field of a Current Element
		28.3 Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
		28.4 Force Between Parallel Conductors
		28.5 Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop
		28.6 Ampere’s Law
		28.7 Applications of Ampere’s Law
		28.8 Magnetic Materials
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	29 Electromagnetic Induction
		29.1 Induction Experiments
		29.2 Faraday’s Law
		29.3 Lenz’s Law
		29.4 Motional EMF
		29.5 Induced Electric Fields
		29.6 Eddy Currents
		29.7 Displacement Current and Maxwell’s Equations
		29.8 Superconductivity
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	30 Inductance
		30.1 Mutual Inductance
		30.2 Self-Inductance and Inductors
		30.3 Magnetic-Field Energy
		30.4 The R-L Circuit
		30.5 The L-C Circuit
		30.6 The L-R-C Series Circuit
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	31 Alternating Current
		31.1 Phasors and Alternating Currents
		31.2 Resistance and Reactance
		31.3 The L-R-C Series Circuit
		31.4 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
		31.5 Resonance in Alternating-Current Circuits
		31.6 Transformers
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	32 Electromagnetic Waves
		32.1 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
		32.2 Plane Electromagnetic Waves and the Speed of Light
		32.3 Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves
		32.4 Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves
		32.5 Standing Electromagnetic Waves
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
Optics
	33 The Nature and Propagation of Light
		33.1 The Nature of Light
		33.2 Reflection and Refraction
		33.3 Total Internal Reflection
		33.4 Dispersion
		33.5 Polarization
		33.6 Scattering of Light
		33.7 Huygens’s Principle
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	34 Geometric Optics
		34.1 Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface
		34.2 Reflection at a Spherical Surface
		34.3 Refraction at a Spherical Surface
		34.4 Thin Lenses
		34.5 Cameras
		34.6 The Eye
		34.7 The Magnifier
		34.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	35 Interference
		35.1 Interference and Coherent Sources
		35.2 Two-Source Interference of Light
		35.3 Intensity in Interference Patterns
		35.4 Interference in Thin Films
		35.5 The Michelson Interferometer
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	36 Diffraction
		36.1 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction
		36.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit
		36.3 Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern
		36.4 Multiple Slits
		36.5 The Diffraction Grating
		36.6 X-Ray Diffraction
		36.7 Circular Apertures and Resolving Power
		36.8 Holography
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
Modern Physics
	37 Relativity
		37.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
		37.2 Relativity of Simultaneity
		37.3 Relativity of Time Intervals
		37.4 Relativity of Length
		37.5 The Lorentz Transformations
		37.6 The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves
		37.7 Relativistic Momentum
		37.8 Relativistic Work and Energy
		37.9 Newtonian Mechanics and Relativity
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	38 Photons: Light Waves Behaving as Particles
		38.1 Light Absorbed as Photons: The Photoelectric Effect
		38.2 Light Emitted as Photons: X-Ray Production
		38.3 Light Scattered as Photons: Compton Scattering and Pair Production
		38.4 Wave–Particle Duality, Probability, and Uncertainty
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	39 Particles Behaving as Waves
		39.1 Electron Waves
		39.2 The Nuclear Atom and Atomic Spectra
		39.3 Energy Levels and the Bohr Model of the Atom
		39.4 The Laser
		39.5 Continuous Spectra
		39.6 The Uncertainty Principle Revisited
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	40 Quantum Mechanics I: Wave Functions
		40.1 Wave Functions and the One-Dimensional Schrödinger Equation
		40.2 Particle in a Box
		40.3 Potential Wells
		40.4 Potential Barriers and Tunneling
		40.5 The Harmonic Oscillator
		40.6 Measurement in Quantum Mechanics
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	41 Quantum Mechanics II: Atomic Structure
		41.1 The Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions
		41.2 Particle in a Three-dimensional Box
		41.3 The Hydrogen Atom
		41.4 The Zeeman Effect
		41.5 Electron Spin
		41.6 Many-Electron Atoms and the Exclusion Principle
		41.7 X-Ray Spectra
		41.8 Quantum Entanglement
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	42 Molecules and Condensed Matter
		42.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
		42.2 Molecular Spectra
		42.3 Structure of Solids
		42.4 Energy Bands
		42.5 Free-Electron Model of Metals
		42.6 Semiconductors
		42.7 Semiconductor Devices
		42.8 Superconductivity
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	43 Nuclear Physics
		43.1 Properties of Nuclei
		43.2 Nuclear Binding and Nuclear Structure
		43.3 Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity
		43.4 Activities and Half-Lives
		43.5 Biological Effects of Radiation
		43.6 Nuclear Reactions
		43.7 Nuclear Fission
		43.8 Nuclear Fusion
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
	44 Particle Physics and Cosmology
		44.1 Fundamental Particles—A History
		44.2 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
		44.3 Particles and Interactions
		44.4 Quarks and Gluons
		44.5 The Standard Model and Beyond
		44.6 The Expanding Universe
		44.7 The Beginning of Time
		Summary
		Guided Practice
		Questions/Exercises/Problems
Appendix
	A The International System of Units
	B Unit Conversion Factors
	C The British System of Units
	D Useful Mathematical Relations
	E The Greek Alphabet
	F Periodic Table of the Elements
	G Numerical Constants
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
Credits
Index
Back Cover