Understanding Telecommunication Networks (IET Telecommunications Series

Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 12
Foreword......Page 14
1.2 Basic telephony......Page 16
1.3 A telephone network......Page 24
1.4 How does a network set up a call connection?......Page 29
1.5 Waveforms......Page 30
1.6 Summary......Page 33
References......Page 34
2.1 Introduction......Page 36
2.2.1 Mobile networks......Page 37
2.2.2 Cable TV networks......Page 38
2.3.1 International calls......Page 39
2.3.2 Interconnection of a PSTN and a PNO's network......Page 40
2.3.3 Mobile to mobile via the PSTN......Page 41
2.4 The Internet......Page 42
2.5.1 Dial-up via the PSTN and ISDN......Page 44
2.5.3 Over a cable modem......Page 46
2.6 The specialist networks associated with a PSTN......Page 47
2.6.2 Intelligent network......Page 48
2.6.5 Data services networks......Page 49
2.6.6 Telex network......Page 50
2.7 A model of the set of a Telco's networks......Page 51
2.8 Summary......Page 52
References......Page 54
3.2 Network topologies......Page 56
3.3 Nodal: concentrator switching......Page 57
3.4 Nodal: route switching......Page 58
3.5 Nodal: packet switching and routeing......Page 59
3.7 Nodal: multiplexing......Page 61
3.7.1 Frequency division multiplexing......Page 63
3.7.2 Time division multiplexing......Page 64
3.7.3 Code division multiplexing......Page 66
3.8 Nodal: grooming......Page 67
3.10 Link component......Page 68
3.11 Analogue-to-digital conversion......Page 70
3.11.1 The advantages of digital networks......Page 20
3.11.2 The A/D process......Page 72
3.12 Summary......Page 74
References......Page 75
4.2.1 Transmission principles......Page 76
4.2.2 Transmission media......Page 81
4.3 Multiplexed payloads......Page 87
4.3.1 The PCM multiplexed payload: the basic building block of digital networks......Page 88
4.3.2 The time division multiplexing of digital blocks......Page 91
4.3.3 Plesiochronous digital hierarchy system......Page 93
4.3.4 SONET and synchronous digital hierarchy system......Page 95
4.4 The range of transmission systems......Page 100
11.4 Quality of service and network performance......Page 101
4.4.2 Digital subscriber line transmission systems......Page 102
4.4.3 Point-to-point optical fibre......Page 105
4.4.5 Passive optical fibre network......Page 106
4.4.6 Line-of-sight microwave radio systems......Page 109
4.4.7 Earth satellite systems......Page 110
4.5 Summary......Page 111
References......Page 112
5.2.1 Scene setting......Page 114
5.2.2 The copper ('local loop') access network......Page 115
5.2.3 The optical fibre access network......Page 118
5.2.4 Radio access network......Page 120
5.2.5 Broadband access......Page 122
5.2.6 Planning and operational issues......Page 127
5.3.1 Scene setting......Page 131
5.3.2 PDH network......Page 132
5.3.3 SDH network......Page 133
5.3.4 Transmission network resilience......Page 136
5.4 Summary......Page 141
References......Page 142
6.2.1 Introduction......Page 144
6.2.2 Subscriber switching (local) units......Page 145
6.2.3 Digital telephone switching systems......Page 148
6.2.5 Digital exchange structures......Page 156
6.2.6 ISDN exchanges......Page 159
6.3.1 The concept of switched traffic......Page 160
6.3.2 Call distribution......Page 161
6.3.3 Traffic flow......Page 162
6.3.4 Traffic routeing......Page 164
6.3.5 Exchange capacity planning......Page 167
6.4 Summary......Page 168
References......Page 173
7.2.1 An overview of signalling......Page 174
7.2.2 Applications of common-channel signalling systems......Page 177
7.2.3 ITU common-channel signalling system no. 7 (CCSS7, SS7 or C7)......Page 178
7.2.4 ITU H323 and session initiation protocol......Page 184
7.3.1 Exchange-control systems......Page 186
7.3.2 Intelligent network......Page 189
7.4 Summary......Page 192
References......Page 193
8.2 The nature of data......Page 196
8.3 Packet switching......Page 197
8.3.1 Connection-orientated packet mode......Page 198
8.3.2 Connectionless packet mode......Page 200
8.3.3 Comparison of packet switching modes......Page 201
8.4 Asynchronous transfer mode......Page 203
8.5 Internet protocol......Page 207
8.6 The Internet......Page 211
8.7 Voice-over-IP......Page 214
8.8 VOIP over broadband......Page 217
8.9 Network aspects: IP over ATM......Page 219
8.10 Multi-protocol label switching......Page 221
8.11 Local area networks......Page 224
8.12 Wireless LANs......Page 227
References......Page 229
9.2.1 Tetherless link......Page 232
9.2.5 Use of complex commercial model......Page 233
9.2.7 A simple generic model of a mobile system......Page 234
9.3 How does radio work?......Page 235
9.4 Cellular networks......Page 238
9.5 Access mechanisms in cellular networks......Page 242
9.6 The GSM system......Page 243
9.6.1 GSM system description......Page 245
9.6.2 Location management in a GSM system......Page 247
9.6.3 Mobile call in a GSM network......Page 249
9.6.4 Cell hand-over and power management......Page 250
9.6.5 GSM frame structure......Page 252
9.7 General packet radio service......Page 253
9.8 Third generation (3G) mobile systems......Page 256
9.8.1 Universal mobile telecommunications system......Page 257
9.9 The wireless scene......Page 259
9.10 Fixed-mobile convergence (FMC)......Page 261
References......Page 262
10.1 Introduction......Page 264
10.2 Numbering and addressing in telephone networks......Page 265
10.3 Administration of the telephone numbering range......Page 270
10.4.1 Numbering and telephone call routeing......Page 272
10.4.2 Number portability......Page 275
10.4.3 Numbering and telephone call charging......Page 276
10.6 ATM addressing......Page 278
10.7 IP numbering/naming and addressing......Page 280
10.7.1 Internet names......Page 281
10.7.2 Internet addresses......Page 283
10.7.3 Translating internet names to addresses......Page 286
10.7.4 IPv6......Page 288
10.8 Inter-working of internet and telephone numbering and addresses......Page 289
References......Page 291
11.2 Architecture......Page 294
11.2.2 Techno-regulatory view......Page 296
11.2.3 Functional or logical view......Page 297
11.3.1 Logical multi-layered network views of a PSTN......Page 298
11.3.2 Physical view of the set of a Telco's networks......Page 300
11.4.1 Transmission loss and loudness in the PSTN......Page 302
11.4.2 Transmission stability......Page 303
11.4.3 Echo and delay......Page 304
11.4.4 Digital errors......Page 305
11.4.5 Apportionment of performance impairments......Page 307
11.5 Operations......Page 308
11.6 Network evolution......Page 313
11.7 Next generation network......Page 315
11.8 Summary......Page 319
11.9 Conclusion......Page 321
References......Page 322
Appendix 1 Standards organisations......Page 324
Appendix 2 List of ITU-T recommendation E.164 assigned country codes......Page 326
Abbreviations......Page 332
Index......Page 342