Understanding Linguistic Prejudice: Critical Approaches to Language Diversity in Brazil

Preface
	References
Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Linguistic Prejudice and Discrimination
	Chapter 1: Introduction
		References
	Chapter 2: Theorising Linguistic Prejudice in Brazil: Pierre Bourdieu – The Symbolic Power of Language and the Principle of Error Correction
		Introduction
			Linguistic Prejudice and Discrimination in Brazil: An Overview
		Linguistic Prejudice and Pierre Bourdieu
			Our Reservations
			Hermeneutics and Linguistic Prejudice
		Possible Solutions
		References
	Chapter 3: Literacy and the Problem of Linguistic Prejudice
		Oral Language Acquisition
		At School
		The Difference That Produce Discrimination That Produce Linguistic Prejudice
		The Discrimination of Bad Spelling
		The School, the Family and the Society
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: “What Deeply Irritates You”: Subjective Evaluation and Societal Evidence of (Socio)Linguistic Phenomena
		Initial Considerations
		Subjective Evaluation: The Starting Point to Understanding Societal Evidence
		Construction of the Scope of the Study
		Analyses: Societal Evidence of the Variable Linguistic Phenomena
		Final Considerations
		References
	Chapter 5: Rhotacism and Lambdacism in Portuguese: The Process of Orthographic Standardization and Liquid Consonants
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Neology and Group Identification in Brazilian Funk Lyrics
		Introduction
		Neologisms and Speech Community
		Linguistic Variation and Slangs as Forms of Identification of a Social Group
		The Brazilian Funk
		Neologisms in Brazilian Funk Lyrics
		Conclusions
		References
Part II: Diversity, Variation and Modalities
	Chapter 7: Confronting Grammatical Ideology with Usage: Toward a Socially Realistic Account of Spoken Portuguese
		Introduction
		Relativization Strategies in Spoken Brazilian Portuguese
		Method
			Theoretical Framework
			The Data
			Testing Hypotheses
		Results
		Discussion
		References
	Chapter 8: Pronominal Variation in Spoken Portuguese in “Rurban” Communities: Reflections on Evaluation, Prestige, and Stigma
		Introduction
		The Social Meanings of Linguistic Variation
		The Phenomenon Under Study
		Theoretical-Methodological Decisions
		Results of the Study in Cabo Verde-MG and Muzambinho-MG
			Subjective Reactions Questionnaire
			Linguistic Production: Analysis of Social Variables
		Final Considerations: The Role of Social Meanings in Linguistic Variation Processes
		References
	Chapter 9: Approaching Gender and Sexuality Issues from a Sociolinguist Corpus-Based Analysis: A Methodologic Challenge
		Introduction
		Social Variables Related to Gender and Sexuality
		Including Gender and Sexuality in Methodological Alignment
			Approaching Gender Issues: The Woman’s Role in the Implementation of Periphrastic Future in Brazilian Portuguese
			Approaching Sexuality Issues: The Superlative of Adjectives in the Speech of Gay Men in Brazilian Portuguese
		Gender and Sexuality Issues in Sociolinguistics
		References
	Chapter 10: Language Prejudice and Language Structure: On Missing and Emerging Conjunctions in Libras and Other Sign Languages
		Introduction: Language Prejudice
		Structural Complexity and Language Status
			On “Primitive Languages” and “Languages of Civilization”
			Not So Primitive After All: Complexity Across Grammatical Domains
		On Clause Combinations and (the Absence of) Conjunctions in Sign Languages
			Marking of Clause Combinations in Sign Language
			Emergence of Conjunctions
				Borrowing
				Grammaticalization
		Conjunctions in Brazilian Sign Language
			Borrowing
				Fingerspelling: Disjunctive Coordination
				Borrowing from Gesture: Adversative Coordination
			Grammaticalization
				Grammaticalization from Lexical Item
				Grammaticalization from Gesture
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Indigenous Languages in Brazil: Unveiling Linguistic Prejudice
		Introduction
		Estimates
		What We (Don’t) Know About Indigenous Languages
		Lack of Knowledge and Media
		Lack of Knowledge and Teaching Materials
		How to Resolve Prejudice
		Conclusions
		References
Index