Understanding Global Poverty: Causes, Solutions, and Capabilities

Cover
Half Title
Endorsement
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Figures
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Building a Framework for Understanding Poverty
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	What Is Poverty?
		Income Definitions of Poverty
		The Capabilities Approach
			Defining the Central Capabilities
			Other Important Concepts in the Capabilities Approach
			Poverty and Capabilities
			Wellbeing and Happiness
			Critiques of the Capabilities Approach
	This Book’s Method
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
2 Development and its Debates
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	What Is Development?
	Human Development: Strengthening Capabilities
	Development or Poverty Reduction or Poverty Eradication?
	Who Does Development?
	The “Rise of the South,” and Insiders vs. Outsiders
	Problematizing Development
	The Aid Debate
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Notes
	Further Reading
3 Multidimensional Measurements of Poverty and Wellbeing
	Learning Objectives
	Vignette 3.1
	Introduction
		Establishing a Poverty Line
	Monetary Measures of Poverty
	Multidimensional Measures
	Participatory Poverty Assessments
	How Much Overlap Is There Between These Measures?
	Wellbeing Measures
	Measurement Difficulties
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
4 Health and Poverty
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Maternal Mortality
		Vignette 4.1 Maternal Mortality (Eclampsia)
		Analysis of Disease (Eclampsia) and Its Treatment in One Patient
		A Public Health Analysis of Eclampsia
		A Capabilities Analysis: Eclampsia
		The Role of Poverty
		Yet Another Layer of Discussion
		Summary
	Hepatitis C
		Vignette 4.2 Hepatitis C
		Analysis of Disease (Hepatitis C) and Its Treatment in One Patient
		Public Health Analysis
		Capabilities Analysis
		The Role of Poverty
		Human Rights Analysis (Hepatitis C)
		Summary
	Malaria
		Vignette 4.3 Malaria
		Analysis of Disease and Treatment in One Patient: Malaria
		Public Health Analysis
		Capabilities
		The Role of Poverty
		Human Rights
		Summary
	Poverty Reduction and Health: Some Major Debates
	Conclusion
	Health, Capabilities, and the Covid-19 Pandemic: an Update to this Chapter
		The Disease
		Impact of Covid-19 On Capabilities
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
5 Geographical and Spatial Poverty
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	The Disease Burden
	Temperature, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Endowments
	Remoteness and Integration
		The Problem of Neighbors
	Geography and Institutions
	Spatial Poverty and Capabilities
	Policy Solutions
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
6 Race, Class, Gender, and Poverty
	Learning Objectives
	Vignette 6.1
	Introduction
	Understanding Race and Ethnicity
	Understanding Social Class
	Understanding Gender and Sexuality
		Women and Girls, Poverty and Capabilities
		Women, Girls, and International Development Efforts
	Interlocking Identities and Capabilities
	Vignette 6.2
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Notes
	Further Reading
7 State Institutions, Governance, and Poverty
	Learning Objectives
	Vignette 7.1
	Introduction
	Definitions and Measures
	How Institutions Impact Poverty and Development
	Institutions and Capabilities
		The Importance of Democracy in Institutions and Governance
	What Shapes Institutions and Governance?
	Critiques of the Institutions/governance Perspective
	What Works to Get Better Institutions and Governance
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
8 Conflict and Poverty
	Learning Objectives
	Vignette 8.1
	Introduction
	How Poverty Causes Conflict
	How Conflict Causes Poverty at the Macro Level
	How Conflict Causes Poverty at the Micro Level
	Protecting People in Conflict
		Reconstruction, Recovery, and Reconciliation
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Notes
	Further Reading
9 Migration and Poverty Reduction: Balancing Human Security and National Security
	Learning Objectives
	Vignette: Human Security and National Security Along the United States–Mexico Border
	Introduction
	The Vocabulary of Migration
		Who Is a Migrant?
			Four Key Categories
			Useful Distinctions in the Vocabulary of Migration
		Why Migrate?
			The Aspirations–capabilities Framework
			Other Key Paradigms and Theories of Migration
	The Emergent Realities of Migration
		What Are the Key Migration Trends and Patterns?
			Economic Patterns and Trends
			Geographic Patterns and Trends
			Demographic Patterns and Trends
			Political Patterns and Trends
		What Are the Key Regimes and Agreements That Govern Migration?
			Human Rights Accords
			The Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Compacts
			Labor Migration Accords
	The Intersections of Migration and Human Development
		How Might We Contextualize Migration and Capabilities?
			Garifuna Mixed Migration and Capabilities
			Labor Migration and the Unfreedom of Migrant Workers
		What Are the Key Policies at the Intersection of Migration and Capabilities?
			Policy Area: Improving Human Mobility and Capabilities Through Enhanced Labor Migration Management
			Policy Area: Improving Human Mobility and Capabilities Through Enhancements to the International Refugee Regime
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Notes
	Further Reading
10 Education as Poverty Reduction
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Problems With Access
	Problems With Outcomes
	Education as a Development Strategy
	What Works to Improve Education?
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
11 The Environment and Poverty Reduction
	Learning Objectives
	Vignette 11.1
	Introduction
	Understanding Key Concepts
	Poverty–environment Relationships
	Capabilities and Environmental Conditions
	Case Studies
		Case Study 11.1 The Community Water Systems of Costa Rica
		Case Study 11.2 The Urban Settlement of La Carpio
		Case Study 11.3 Sustainable Development in Monteverde
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
12 Financial Services for the Poor
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Microfinance: Examples and Definitions
	Microfinance and Technology
	Microfinance and Capabilities
	Microfinance Debates
		Credit-Only or Credit-Plus?
		Ideological Disputes Around Microfinance
		Debates About Empowerment
	Microfinance’s Impacts at the Micro and Macro Levels
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Further Reading
Conclusion: Ethics and Action – What Should You do about Global Poverty?
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	Ethical Principles
	Debates About Ethical Obligations
	What Should You Do?
		Give Money
		Make Different Choices
		Volunteer
		Study Programs
		Pursue a Career
		Educate
		Advocate
		Agitate
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Online Resources
	Notes
	Further Reading
Appendix: Careers in International Development
Index