Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects

Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
The Antarctic Research Series: Statement of Objectives
......Page 8
Preface......Page 9
INTRODUCTION......Page 11
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD......Page 14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 15
REFERENCES......Page 23
INTRODUCTION......Page 26
INSTRUMENTATION DESCRIPTION......Page 27
EXAMPLES OF NETWORK DATA......Page 33
EXAMPLES OF UV CLIMATOLOGY ACQUIRED
FROM THE NETWORK......Page 36
SUMMARY......Page 44
REFERENCES......Page 45
RADIATION AMPLIFICATION FACTORS: IMPROVED FORMULATION
ACCOUNTS FOR LARGE INCREASES IN ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
ASSOCIATED WITH ANTARCTIC OZONE DEPLETION......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 50
INTRODUCTION......Page 51
CHANGES IN THE OZONE LAYER AND SURFACE
UV RADIATION......Page 52
MEASUREMENTS OF ULTRAVIOLET
IRRADIANCE FROM PALMER STATION......Page 53
BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL
CONSIDERATIONS......Page 58
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 60
INTRODUCTION......Page 61
SATELLITE DATA IN ANTARCTICA......Page 62
DESCRIPTION OF THE SATELLITE-MAPPING
ALGORITHM......Page 63
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 79
REFERENCES......Page 88
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 90
2. IRRADIANCE DATA......Page 91
3. CORRELATIONS......Page 93
REFERENCES......Page 97
INTRODUCTION......Page 99
UV TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN MARINE
ORGANISMS......Page 100
UV PHOTOBIOLOGY OF ANTARCTIC
ORGANISMS......Page 103
CONCLUSIONS......Page 112
REFERENCES......Page 114
CYANOBACTERIA IN ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS......Page 117
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION EFFECTS ON CYANOBACTERIA......Page 119
PROTECTION AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES......Page 121
CONCLUSIONS......Page 126
REFERENCES......Page 127
INTRODUCTION......Page 131
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 134
RESULTS......Page 138
DISCUSSION......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 146
INTRODUCTION......Page 149
METHODS......Page 151
RESULTS......Page 153
DISCUSSION......Page 159
REFERENCES......Page 163
INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE FOR
ICECOLORS '90......Page 165
THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE AND UV-B
FRONTS......Page 168
THE MARGINAL ICE ZONE AND
PHAEOCYSTIS SPP.......Page 169
OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS AND CONTROLS......Page 173
PRODUCTIVITY CONTROLS......Page 175
PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS......Page 178
CONCLUSION......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
INTRODUCTION......Page 193
METHODS......Page 194
RESULTS......Page 198
CONCLUSIONS......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 209
INTRODUCTION......Page 212
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 213
RESULTS......Page 215
DISCUSSION......Page 224
REFERENCES......Page 230
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 233
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 235
3. RESULTS......Page 238
4. DISCUSSION......Page 243
REFERENCES......Page 245
INTRODUCTION......Page 247
EFFECTS OF UVR AND RESPONSES IN
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS......Page 248
FIELD MEASUREMENT OF BIOLOGICALLY
ACTIVE UV RADIATION......Page 256
FUTURE RESEARCH ON UV RADIATION IN THE
TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE......Page 257
REFERENCES......Page 258