Ultrasonic Testing of Materials

Front Matter....Pages I-XI
Introduction....Pages 1-3
Waves....Pages 5-22
Plane Sound Waves on Boundaries....Pages 23-45
Geometric Ultrasonic Optics....Pages 46-61
Wave Physics of Sound Field. The Sound Beam....Pages 62-89
Echo and Shadow of an Obstacle in the Sound Field....Pages 90-106
Attenuation of Ultrasonic Waves in Solids....Pages 107-118
Piezoelectric Methods of Generation and Reception of Ultrasonic Waves....Pages 119-149
Other Methods for Transmitting and Receiving Ultrasound....Pages 150-172
Front Matter....Pages 173-173
Intensity Methods....Pages 174-192
Pulse-Echo Method....Pages 193-264
Transit-Time Method....Pages 265-286
Sound Emission Analysis....Pages 287-288
Coupling, Choice of Probe and Measuring Frequency....Pages 289-306
Interference Effect of Boundaries. Complex Sound Paths and Screen Patterns....Pages 307-325
Testing by Means of Transverse, Surface and Plate Waves....Pages 326-337
Determination of Shape and Size of Flaws....Pages 338-343
Interference by External High-Frequency and Ultrasonic Sources....Pages 344-347
Organization of the Test. Staff and Training Problems....Pages 348-352
Testing Installations and Evaluation of Test Results....Pages 353-356
Flaw Detection on Metallic Specimens....Pages 357-380
Railway Material....Pages 381-398
Plate and Strip....Pages 399-426
Semi-Finished Products: Rods, Billets and Wires....Pages 427-438
Pipes and Cylinders....Pages 439-457
Castings....Pages 458-465
Welded Joints....Pages 466-504
Joints Produced by Rivetting, Glueing and Shrinking....Pages 505-517
Nuclear Reactors....Pages 518-525
Metals and their Special Testing Problems....Pages 526-544
Testing Problems on Non-Metallic Specimens....Pages 545-568
Determination of Position, Shape and Level....Pages 569-572
Measuring Methods Using Ultrasound....Pages 573-597
Standardization....Pages 598-604
Back Matter....Pages 605-667