Ultrasonic Testing of Materials

Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Introduction....Pages 1-3
Ultrasonic Waves in Free Space....Pages 4-14
Plane Sound Waves at Boundaries....Pages 15-45
Geometrical Acoustics....Pages 46-57
Wave Physics of the Sound Field....Pages 58-92
Echo from and Shadow of an Obstacle in the Sound Field....Pages 93-107
Attenuation of Ultrasonic Waves in Solids....Pages 108-116
Piezo-electric Methods of Generation and Reception of Ultrasonic Waves....Pages 117-140
Other Methods for Transmitting and Receiving Ultrasound....Pages 141-159
Historical Survey of Developments....Pages 160-166
The Pulse-Echo Method; Design and Performance of a Pulse-Echo Flaw Detector....Pages 167-221
Transit-Time Methods....Pages 222-238
The Shadow Method....Pages 239-240
Imaging and Methods of Reconstruction....Pages 241-263
Sound Emission Analysis (SEA)....Pages 264-265
Coupling....Pages 266-278
Interference Effects of Boundaries. Complex Sound Paths and Screen Patterns....Pages 279-295
Testing with Ultrasonic Waves Radiated Obliquely to the Surface....Pages 296-308
Interference from External High-Frequency and Ultrasonic Sources....Pages 309-311
Detection and Classification of Defects....Pages 312-329
Organization of Testing; Staff and Training Problems....Pages 330-333
Testing Installations and Evaluation of Test Results....Pages 334-337
Front Matter....Pages 338-338
Workpieces for General Mechanical Construction....Pages 339-363
Railway Engineering Items....Pages 364-377
Plate and Strip....Pages 378-399
Semi-finished Products: Rod, Bar, Billet and Wire....Pages 400-408
Pipes, Tubes and Cylinders....Pages 409-422
Castings....Pages 423-430
Welded Joints....Pages 431-465
Testing of Other Types of Joint and Compound Structures....Pages 466-477
Nuclear Power Plants....Pages 478-496
Metallic Materials and their Specific Problems for Ultrasonic Testing....Pages 497-513
Testing Problems on Non-metallic Specimens....Pages 514-527
Ultrasonic Testing by Determination of Material Properties....Pages 528-550
Standards....Pages 551-560
Back Matter....Pages 561-677