Ultra-low Voltage Low Power Active-RC Filters and Amplifiers for Low Energy RF Receivers

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Acronyms
Symbols
1 Introduction
	1.1 Overview
	1.2 Low Energy RF Receivers
	1.3 Baseband Filters and Amplifiers
	1.4 Book Organization
	References
2 ULV and ULP Operational Amplifiers for Active-RC Filters
	2.1 Low Voltage Operation of CMOS Transistors
		2.1.1 Current Density and Channel Inversion Level
		2.1.2 Saturation Voltage
		2.1.3 Bulk Forward Bias
		2.1.4 Small-Signal Transconductances and Conductances
		2.1.5 Short Channel Effects
	2.2 ULV Operational Amplifiers
		2.2.1 The Minimum Operation Voltage for Amplifiers
		2.2.2 Low Power ULV Operational Amplifier
		2.2.3 The Common-Mode Rejection of the ULV Amplifiers
		2.2.4 Gate and Bulk Input Amplifiers
		2.2.5 Compensation of the PVT Variation on the ULV Amplifiers
	2.3 Conclusion
	References
3 Single Stage OTA and Negative Transconductance Compensation
	3.1 The Use of a Negative Transconductor for Single-Stage OTA Compensation
		3.1.1 Closed-Loop Amplifier
		3.1.2 Active Integrator
		3.1.3 Noise Analysis
	3.2 ULV PVT Robust Negative Transconductor
	3.3 ULV Inverter-Based OTA
		3.3.1 Improvements in the CMFB Loop
		3.3.2 Improving the Drain Current Control
		3.3.3 Error Amplifier
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 Design Methodology for ULV Circuits
	4.1 CAD Tools for Analog Circuit Design
	4.2 Transistor Sizing of ULV Circuits
	4.3 Proposed Operation-Point Simulation-Based Design Tool
		4.3.1 Design Example
	4.4 ULV Circuit Design Using the UCAF Tool
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Design and Experimental Results
	5.1 Complex Band-Pass Image-Rejection Filter
		5.1.1 Filter Design
		5.1.2 Negative Transconductors Implementation
		5.1.3 OTA Implementation
		5.1.4 CxBPF Measured Results
	5.2 Programmable Gain Amplifier
		5.2.1 OTA Implementation
		5.2.2 Programmable Negative Input Transconductor
		5.2.3 Measured Results
	5.3 Second-Order Low-Pass Filter with Integrated Programmable Gain Amplifier
		5.3.1 Filter Design
		5.3.2 Negative Transconductors Implementation
		5.3.3 OTA Implementation
		5.3.4 Post-Layout Simulated Results of the Programmable-Gain LPF
	5.4 Conclusion
	References
6 Conclusions
	References
Index