Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB® Models (Optics and Photonics)

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgments......Page 16
Authors......Page 18
1.1.1 Demands......Page 20
1.1.2 Ultrashort Pulse Lasers......Page 23
1.2 Principal Objectives of the Book......Page 24
1.3 Organization of the Book Chapters......Page 25
1.4.1 Overview......Page 28
1.4.2 Mode-Locking Mechanism in Fiber Ring Resonators......Page 30
References......Page 36
2.1 Principles of Mode Locking......Page 42
2.2.1 Passive Mode Locking......Page 44
2.2.2 Active Mode Locking by Amplitude Modulation......Page 46
2.2.3 Active Medium and Pump Source......Page 47
2.2.5 Modulator Design......Page 49
2.2.6 Active Mode Locking by Phase Modulation......Page 51
2.3.1 Principle of Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers......Page 55
2.3.2 Multiplication of Repetition Rate......Page 56
2.3.3 Equalizing and Stabilizing Pulses in Rational HMLFL......Page 58
2.4.1 Introduction......Page 61
2.4.2 Analysis Using Self-Consistence Condition with Gaussian Pulse Shape......Page 62
2.4.3 Series Approach Analysis......Page 65
2.4.4 Mode Locking......Page 68
2.4.5 Simulation......Page 79
2.5 Conclusions......Page 84
References......Page 85
3.1 Building Blocks of Active Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser......Page 90
3.1.1 Laser Cavity Design......Page 91
3.1.2 Active Medium and Pump Source......Page 92
3.1.3 Filter Design......Page 93
3.1.4 Modulator Design......Page 94
3.2.1 AM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers......Page 95
3.2.2 FM or PM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers......Page 97
3.3 Regenerative Active Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser......Page 100
3.3.1 Experimental Setup......Page 101
3.3.2 Results and Discussion......Page 103
3.4 Ultrahigh Repetition-Rate Ultra-Stable Fiber Mode-Locked Lasers......Page 110
3.4.1 Regenerative Mode-Locking Techniques and Conditions for Generation of Transform-Limited Pulses from a Mode-Locked Lasers......Page 111
3.4.2 Experimental Setup and Results......Page 115
3.4.3 Remarks......Page 119
References......Page 121
4.1 Introduction......Page 124
4.2.1 Modeling the Optical Fiber......Page 125
4.2.3 Modeling the Optical Modulation......Page 126
4.2.4 Modeling the Optical Filter......Page 127
4.3.1 Generation and Propagation......Page 128
4.3.2 Results and Discussions......Page 130
4.4.1 Mode-Locked Pulse Evolution......Page 137
4.4.2 Effect of Modulation Frequency......Page 141
4.4.4 Effect of the Optical Filter Bandwidth......Page 142
4.4.5 Effect of Pump Power......Page 146
4.4.6 Rational Harmonic Mode-Locked Laser......Page 147
4.5 FM or PM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers......Page 150
4.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 153
References......Page 155
5.1 Introduction......Page 158
5.2 Propagation of Optical Pulses in a Fiber......Page 159
5.2.1 Dispersion Effect......Page 160
5.2.2 Nonlinear Effect......Page 163
5.2.3 Soliton......Page 164
5.2.4 Propagation Equation in Optical Fibers......Page 165
5.3.1 Zero Detuning......Page 166
5.3.2 Dispersion Effects in Detuned Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers......Page 169
5.3.3 Locking Range......Page 172
5.4.1 Zero Detuning......Page 173
5.4.2 Detuning in an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Nonlinearity Effect......Page 176
5.4.3 Pulse Amplitude Equalization in a Harmonic Mode-Locked Fiber Laser......Page 179
5.5.1 Zero Detuning......Page 180
5.5.2 Detuning and Locking Range in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Nonlinearity and Dispersion Effect......Page 183
5.6.1 Experimental Setup......Page 185
5.6.2 Mode-Locked Pulse Train with 10 GHz Repetition Rate......Page 186
5.6.3 Wavelength Shifting in a Detuned Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Dispersion Cavity......Page 189
5.6.4 Pulse Shortening and Spectrum Broadening under Nonlinearity Effect......Page 191
References......Page 193
6.1 Introduction......Page 196
6.2 Birefringence Cavity of an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser......Page 197
6.2.1 Simulation Model......Page 199
6.2.2 Simulation Results......Page 201
6.3.1 Experimental Setup......Page 204
6.3.2 Results and Discussion......Page 205
6.3.3 Dual Orthogonal Polarization States in an Actively Mode-Locked Birefringent Fiber Ring Laser......Page 208
6.3.4 Pulse Dropout and Sub-Harmonic Locking......Page 216
6.3.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 217
6.4.1 Introduction......Page 219
6.4.2 Birefringence Filter......Page 220
6.4.3 Ultrafast Electrically Tunable Filter Based on Electro-Optic Effect of LiNbO3......Page 221
6.4.4 Ultrafast Electrically Tunable MLL......Page 225
6.4.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 228
6.5 Conclusions......Page 229
References......Page 231
7.1 Repetition Rate Multiplication Techniques......Page 234
7.1.1 Fractional Temporal Talbot Effect......Page 235
7.1.2 Other Repetition Rate Multiplication Techniques......Page 236
7.1.3 Experimental Setup......Page 237
7.1.4 Results and Discussion......Page 238
7.2 Uniform Lasing Mode Amplitude Distribution......Page 241
7.2.1 Gaussian Lasing Mode Amplitude Distribution......Page 243
7.2.3 Nonlinear Effects......Page 244
7.2.4 Noise Effects......Page 246
7.3 Conclusions......Page 248
References......Page 249
8.1 Gaussian Modulating Signal......Page 252
8.2 Rational Harmonic Detuning......Page 259
8.2.1 Experimental Setup......Page 260
8.2.2 Results and Discussion......Page 262
8.3.1 Parametric Amplification......Page 270
8.3.3 Results and Discussion......Page 271
8.4.2 Results and Discussion......Page 282
8.5 Conclusions......Page 283
References......Page 284
9.1 Introduction......Page 286
9.2 Optical Bistability, Bifurcation, and Chaos......Page 287
9.3 Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror......Page 292
9.4 Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror......Page 295
9.5.1 Simulation of Laser Dynamics......Page 296
9.5.2 Experiment......Page 299
References......Page 310
10.1 Introduction......Page 312
10.2 Formation of Bound States in an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser......Page 313
10.3 Experimental Technique......Page 316
10.4.1 Numerical Model of an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser......Page 321
10.4.2 The Formation of the Bound Soliton States......Page 323
10.4.3 Evolution of the Bound Soliton States in the FM Fiber Loop......Page 325
10.5 Multi-Bound Soliton Propagation in Optical Fiber......Page 329
10.6.1 Definition......Page 335
10.6.2 The Phasor Optical Spectral Analyzers......Page 337
10.6.3 Bi-Spectrum of Duffing Chaotic Systems......Page 342
References......Page 343
11.1 Introduction......Page 346
11.2 Numerical Model of an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser......Page 347
11.3.1 Effects of Small Positive Dispersion Cavity and Nonlinear Effects on Gain Competition Suppression Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber......Page 351
11.3.2 Effects of a Large Positive Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber in the Cavity on Gain Competition Suppression......Page 355
11.3.4 Effects of Cavity Dispersion and a Hybrid Broadening Gain Medium on the Tolerable Loss Imbalance between the Wavelengths......Page 358
11.4 Experimental Validation and Discussion on an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser......Page 360
11.5 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work......Page 364
References......Page 365
Appendix A: Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier: Optimum Length and Implementation......Page 368
Appendix B: MATLAB® Programs for Simulation......Page 372
Appendix C: Abbreviations......Page 422