Ultimate Docker for Cloud Native Applications: Unleash Docker Ecosystem by Optimizing Image Creation

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Author
Technical Review Partner
Acknowledgements
Preface
Errata
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Docker
   Introduction
   Structure
   History of Docker
      Pre-Docker Era
      Birth of Docker
      Docker v1.0
   Understanding Containerization
   Introduction to Docker
      Benefits of Docker
   Docker vs Competitors
      Distinguishing Features of Docker
      Docker’s Best Selling Point: Portability
      The World Needs Microservices: Docker’s Contributions
      Limitations of Docker
   Learning Curve
   Docker and Software Development Lifecycle
   Docker Affects Different Roles
      Software Engineer
      DevOps Engineer
   Docker’s Security Considerations
   Examples of Docker in the Real World
   Conclusion
   References
2. Docker Architecture and Components
   Introduction
   Structure
   Architecture Significance
   Architecture Components
   Installation of Docker
   Docker Daemon
      Primary Role of Docker Daemon
      Docker Daemon Delegation of Responsibility
      Overview and Background
      Namespaces and Chroot
      Performance Impact of the Docker Daemon
      Resource Utilization
      Container Isolation
      The Overhead of Containerization
      Scaling and Resource Allocation
      System Tuning and Optimization
   Docker Clients
      Docker Command-Line Interface (CLI)
      Docker Remote HTTP API
      Docker SDKs and Client Libraries
      Third-Party Tools and Utilities
      Docker Desktop
   Docker Images: Structure and Composition
      Docker Image Structure
      Building a Docker Image
      Hello World in Docker
   Docker Containers
      Running a Docker Container
      Inner Working of a Docker Container
   Docker Registry: Facilitating Image Storage and Distribution
      Image Storage and Distribution
      Private and Public Registries
      CI/CD Pipelines
      Setting Up a Private Docker Registry: An Example
      Server Setup
      Generate SSL Certificates
      Configure Registry (Optional)
      Start Registry Container
      Push and Pull Images
   Conclusion
   References
3. Building and Managing Docker Images
   Introduction
   Structure
   Docker Image Basics
      Understanding the Anatomy of a Docker Image
      A Practical Example
      Exploring the Different Layers and Their Significance
      Leveraging the Docker Image Cache for Faster Builds
      Optimizing Image Size and Reducing Complexity
   Creating Docker Images
      Building Docker Images Using Dockerfiles
      Difference Between ENTRYPOINT and CMD
      Defining the Application Environment and Dependencies
      Incorporating Best Practices for Image Creation
      Understanding Docker Context
      Practical Example
      Automating the Build Process with Build Hooks and ARGs
      Build Hooks
      ARGs (Build-Time Variables)
      ONBUILD Instruction
   Image Management and Distribution
      Saving and Loading Docker Images for Offline Use
      Pushing and Pulling Images to and from Docker Registries
      Tagging and Versioning Docker Images Effectively
      Managing Image Repositories and Repository Automation
   Advanced Techniques
      Utilizing Multi-Stage Docker Builds for Optimized Images
      Designing and Implementing Multi-Container Applications
      Microservices Architecture
      Container Orchestration
      Networking and Communication
      Service Dependencies and Discovery
      Environment Configuration
      Understanding Image Vulnerabilities and Security Considerations
      Image Scanning and Vulnerability Assessment
      Base Image Security
      Secure Configuration and Runtime Isolation
      Secrets and Sensitive Data Management
      Access Control and Least Privilege Principle
      Image Integrity and Authentication
      Best Practices for Image Update and Maintenance
      Automated Image Builds
      Version Control for Dockerfiles
      Regular Security Scanning and Updates
      Immutable Image Tags
      Retire and Remove Unused Images
      Practical Example
   Conclusion
   References
   Useful Links
4. Docker Networking
   Introduction
   Structure
   Understanding Docker Networking Fundamentals
      Docker Default Networking
      Network Namespaces
      Bridge Networking Mode
      Host Networking Mode
      Overlay Networking Mode
      MACVLAN Networking Mode
      ipvlan Networking Mode
      Null Networking Mode
      Third-party Network Drivers
   Docker DNS and Service Discovery
      Docker’s Approach to DNS Resolution
      Customizing DNS Configuration
      Service Discovery with Docker’s Embedded DNS Server
      Using External Service Discovery Solutions
   Container-to-Container Communication
      Communicating Between Linked Containers
      Utilizing Container Aliases
      Connecting Containers with User-defined Networks
      Interacting Across Different Network Types
   Managing Network Security
      Docker’s Built-in Security Features
      Implementing Network Policies and Firewall Rules
      Security Best Practices for Docker Networking
   Advanced Network Configuration
      Multi-host Networking with Docker Swarm
      Creating a Docker Swarm
      Using IPv6 in Docker Networks
      Custom Bridge Networks and Subnet Configuration
      Network Scopes and External Connectivity
   Conclusion
   References
   Useful Links
5. Persistent Data Management with Docker
   Introduction
   Structure
   Importance and Benefits of Docker Volumes
      Importance of Docker Volumes
      Importance of Docker Volumes in Containerization
   Types of Docker Volumes
      Named Volumes
      Host Bind Mounts
      Anonymous Volumes
      Comparing Different Volume Types
   Docker Storage Drivers
      Role and Importance of Storage Drivers
      Handling Data in Containers with Storage Drivers
      Overlay2 Storage Driver
      AUFS Storage Driver
      Device Mapper Storage Driver
      Btrfs Storage Driver
      ZFS Storage Driver
      VFS Storage Driver
   Data Management Strategies
      Backup
      Restore
      Real-World Example
   Managing Volume Data Lifecycle
      Versioning Data
      Archiving Old Volumes
      Ensuring Data Integrity Across Container Updates
      Advanced Consideration
   Volume Plugins and Extensibility
      Examples of Docker Volume Plugins
      Docker Volume Driver for Amazon EBS
      Rex-Ray
      Portworx
      NetApp Trident
      Advantages and Disadvantages
   Security and Considerations
      User and Group, Permissions
      Encryption and Data Protection
      Securing Data with Third-Party Tools
      Docker Volume Crypt
      HashiCorp Vault
      SOPS (Secrets OPerationS)
      Bitnami’s Sealed Secrets
      Docker Secrets Management Tools
   Conclusion
   References
   Useful Links
6. Docker Compose for Simplified Application Deployment
   Introduction
   Structure
   Understanding Docker Compose Essentials
   Streamlining Services with Docker Compose
   Syntax and Definition of Docker Compose
      Example 1: Web App and Database
      Example 2: Background Worker and Message Broker
      Example 3: Load Balancer with HAProxy
      Example 4: Batch Jobs
   Advanced Tips and Techniques
      Environment Variables
      Volumes
      Working with Multiple Compose File
      Compose Profiles
      Scaling Applications
      Live Update
   Conclusion
   Test Your Knowledge
   Multiple Choice Questions
   Answers
   References
7. Scaling Applications with Docker Swarm
   Introduction
   Structure
   Introducing Docker Swarm
      Importance of Scaling
      Docker Swarm in the Scaling Landscape
      Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes
      Definitions and Terminologies
      Cluster
      Manager
      Worker
      Service
      Task
      Overlay Network
      Stack
      Global Service
   Setting Up Docker Swarm
      Docker Nodes Common Attributes
      Docker Swarm Common Attributes
      Bootstrapper
   Creating and Running Services
      Run a Simple Web Server
      Running WordPress Stack
   CLI Reference
      docker swarm
      docker config and docker secret
      docker node
      docker service
      docker stack
   Load Balancing and Service Discovery
      Service Discovery in Docker Swarm
      Practical Example
      Docker Swarm Network Overlay
      Load Balancer Algorithm
   Conclusion
   References
8. Securing Docker Deployments
   Introduction
   Structure
   Best Practices to Secure Docker
      Official Images
      Defining Official Images
      Verifying Official Status
      Integrating Official Images into Your Workflow
      Regularly Update Images
      Reasons for Updating Docker Images
      Best Practices for Updating Docker Images
      Least Privilege Principle
      Use Non-Root Users
      Limit Capabilities
      Isolate Containers
   Securing the Docker Daemon
      Enforce Docker Daemon TLS Authentication
      Restricting Docker Daemon Access Using Firewalls
      The Role of Firewalls
      Implementing Firewall Rules
      Necessity of Firewall
   Access Control for Docker Resources
      Role-based access control (RBAC) for Docker
      Auditing and Monitoring Docker Resource Access
   Image Security and Vulnerability Scanning
      Image Security
      Vulnerability Scanning
      Continuous Vulnerability Scanning in CI/CD Pipelines
      Integration with CI/CD
      Key Practices
      Benefits
   Hardening Docker Hosts
      Host OS Security Best Practices
      Isolating Containers from the Host
      Kernel Hardening and Security Patches
      Kernel Hardening
      Security Patch Management
   Conclusion
   References
      Docker Official Documentation
      Linux Kernel Hardening
      SELinux and AppArmor
      Container Orchestration Platforms
      Linux Kernel Patch Management
      Container Security Scanning
      This Book’s Codes and Lab Exercises
      Miscellaneous
9. Docker in Continuous Integration and Deployment
   Introduction
   Structure
   Understanding CI/CD Fundamentals
      Importance of CI/CD
      Advantages of CI/CD
   Creating Your First CI/CD Pipeline
      GitHub Actions
      GitLab CI
      Docker CI/CD Integration Best Practices
   Multi-Platform Builds
      Necessity of Multi-Platform Builds
      Multi-Platform Build in Action
   Docker Compose in CI/CD
   Security and Docker in CI/CD
      Security Considerations
      Image Scanning and Vulnerability Management
      Best Practices
      Image Scanning in CI
   Monitoring
      Tooling Available for Monitoring CI/CD
      Log Management
      Container Observability
      Observability Tools
      Best Practices
   Conclusion
   References and Useful Links
10. Docker on Cloud Platforms
   Introduction
   Structure
   Understanding Cloud-Native Docker
      Key Characteristics of Cloud-Native Docker
      Benefits of Cloud-Native Docker
   Cloud Service Providers
      Amazon Web Services (AWS)
      Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)
      Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)
      AWS Fargate
      Amazon Beanstalk
      Microsoft Azure
      Azure Container Instances (ACI)
      Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)
      Azure Service Fabric
      Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
      Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
      Google Compute Engine (GCE)
      Cloud Run
      Other Cloud Providers
      IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service
      DigitalOcean Kubernetes (DOKS)
      Alibaba Cloud Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK)
      Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE)
      Red Hat OpenShift
      Interweaving Docker and Cloud Providers
   Container Orchestration
      Kubernetes
      Docker Swarm
      Red Hat OpenShift
      Nomad by HashiCorp
   Deployment Strategy
      Blue-Green Deployments
      Canary Releases
      Rolling Updates
      A/B testing
      Feature flags
   Networking and Security
      Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs)
      Security Groups
      Network Isolation and Segmentation
      Encryption and Identity Management
   Monitoring and Logging
      Cloud Provider Monitoring Services
      Third-Party Monitoring Tools
      Container Orchestration Tool Integration
   Cost Optimization
      Rightsizing Resources
      Reserved Instances and Savings Plans
      Auto-Scaling and Elasticity
      Spot Instances and Preemptible VMs
      Cost Allocation and Tagging
   Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Deployments
      Hybrid Deployments
      Multi-Cloud Deployments
      Benefits of Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Deployments
      Complexities and Considerations
      Best Practices for Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Deployments
   Practical Examples
      Deploying a Containerized App in AWS
   Case Studies
      Ikea Retail uses Docker in production on AWS
      Things Ikea Did Right
      Things They Learned
      Ikea Overall Experience
      Netflix Usage of Docker in Production
      Things Netflix Did Right
      Things They Learned
      Netflix Overall Experience
   Use Cases and Best Practices
      Best Practices
   Future Trends
      Solutions and offerings
   Conclusion
   References and Useful Links
      Books
      Online Resources
      Training and Courses
      Articles and Blogs
      Forums and Community Platforms
      Additional Resources
11. Introduction to Kubernetes
   Introduction
   Structure
   Origins and Evolution of Kubernetes
      Key Characteristics
      Importance of Kubernetes
      Real-world Examples
   Kubernetes Architectures
      Control Plane
      Worker nodes
      Current vs Desired State
   Kubernetes Concepts
      Control Plane
      Self-Managed Control Plane
      Cloud-Managed Control Plane
      Nodes
      Pods
      Deployments
      Statefulsets
      Services
   Creating Your First Kubernetes Cluster
      Creating Your First Kubernetes Application
      Creating Your First Statefulset
      Exposing the Service
      Creating Your First ConfigMap and Secret
      Kubernetes Wrap up
   Conclusion
   References
      Books
      Online courses
      Official documentation
      Community Resources
12. Exploring Advanced Docker Concepts
   Introduction
   Structure
   Docker in Docker
   Rootless versus Root Mode
   Dev Environments
   WASM
   Docker Extensions
   Docker Content Trust (DCT)
   Docker Stats
   Daemon Configuration
      Live Restore
      Remote Access
      TLS
   Docker Alternative Runtimes
   Buildkit
   Custom Dockerfile Syntax
      Linked Copy
      Mount in Run
   Docker Buildx
   Conclusion
13. Future Trends in Containerization
   Introduction
   Structure
   The Rise of Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Environments
      Benefits of Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Environments
      Real-World Example
   Increased Rate of Kubernetes Adoption
      Kubernetes’ Comprehensive Capabilities
      Widespread Adoption of Kubernetes
      Strong Community Support
   Serverless Computing: A Paradigm Shift in Application Development
      Critical Characteristics of Serverless Computing
      Advantages of Serverless Computing
   Edge Computing: Bringing Computation Closer to the Edge
      Traction of Edge Computing in the Future
   AI and ML in Containerization: A Convergence of Technologies
      Current Applications of AI and ML in Containerization
      Future Trends in AI and ML for Containerization
   Observability and Monitoring
      The Importance of Observability and Monitoring in Containerization
      Examples of Successful Observability and Monitoring Products
      Widely Adopted Solutions for Observability and Monitoring
   Container Security: Shielding Applications in the Containerized World
      The Necessity of Container Security
      Evolution of Container Security
      Future of Container Security
   GitOps and Continuous Delivery: A Paradigm Shift in Container Management
      Adoption of GitOps and CD
      Historical Solutions and their Limitations
      Future Trends of GitOps and CD
   Microservices Architecture: A Journey from Monoliths to Loosely Coupled Microservices
      The Rise of Microservices
      Critical Principles of Microservices Architecture
      Benefits of Microservices Architecture
      Microservices and Containerization
      Future Trends of Microservices Architecture
   Cloud-native Development
      Cloud-native Development Necessity
      Cloud-native Development Minimum Requirement
      Cloud-native Development Aspects
      Future Trends of Cloud-native Development
   Service Mesh and Container Networking
      Service Mesh: The Enabler of Resilient and Secure Microservices Communications
      Container Networking: The Foundation for Seamless Microservice Connectivity
      Future Trends of Service Mesh and Container Networking
   Be Prepared and Sharpen Your Axe
   Conclusion
   Final Word
Appendix A: All-in-One Cheatsheet
   Docker Setup on CentOS
   Docker Host-Related Commands
   Docker - List Containers
   Docker - Manipulate Containers
   Docker - Images
   Docker – Networks and Volumes
   Docker – Sample Dockerfile
Index