Ubuntu Unleashed 2019 Edition: Covering 18.04, 18.10, 19.04

Licensing --
Who This Book Is For --
Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users --
Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps --
What This Book Contains --
Conventions Used in This Book --
1. Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration --
Before You Begin the Installation --
Researching Your Hardware Specifications --
Installation Options --
32-Bit Versus 64-Bit Ubuntu --
Planning Partition Strategies --
The Boot Loader --
Installing from DVD or USB Drive --
Step-by-Step Installation --
Installing --
First Update --
Shutting Down --
Finding Programs and Files --
Software Updater --
The sudo Command --
Configuring Software Repositories --
System Settings --
Detecting and Configuring a Printer --
Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu --
Setting the Time and Date --
Configuring Wireless Networks --
Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems --
References --
2. Background Information and Resources --
What Is Linux? --
Why Use Linux? --
What Is Ubuntu? --
Ubuntu for Business --
Ubuntu in Your Home --
Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation --
Ubuntu Developers and Documentation --
Websites and Search Engines --
Web Search Tips --
Google Is Your Friend --
Ubuntu Package Listings --
Commercial Support --
Documentation --
Linux Guides and Books --
Ubuntu --
Mailing Lists --
Ubuntu Project Mailing Lists --
Internet Relay Chat --
3. Working with GNOME --
Foundations and the X Server --
Basic X Concepts --
Using X --
Elements of the xorg.conf File --
Starting X --
Using a Display Manager --
Changing Window Managers --
Using GNOME: A Primer --
References --
4. On the Internet --
Getting Started with Firefox --
Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium --
Choosing an Email Client --
Mozilla Thunderbird --
Evolution --
Other Mail Clients --
Internet Relay Chat --
Usenet Newsgroups --
References --
5. Productivity Applications --
Introducing LibreOffice --
Other Useful Productivity Software --
Working with PDFs --
Working with XML and DocBook --
Working with LaTeX --
Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows --
References --
6. Multimedia Applications --
Sound and Music --
Sound Cards --
Adjusting Volume --
Sound Formats --
Listening to Music --
Graphics Manipulation --
The GNU Image Manipulation Program --
Using Scanners in Ubuntu --
Working with Graphics Formats --
Capturing Screen Images --
Other Graphics Manipulation Options --
Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu --
Handheld Digital Cameras --
Using Shotwell Photo Manager --
Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu --
Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero --
Creating CDs from the Command Line --
Creating DVDs from the Command Line --
Viewing Video --
TV and Video Hardware --
Video Formats --
Viewing Video in Linux --
Personal Video Recorders --
Video Editing --
References --
7. Other Ubuntu Interfaces --
Desktop Environment --
KDE and Kubuntu --
Xfce and Xubuntu --
LXDE and Lubuntu --
MATE and Ubuntu MATE --
Ubuntu Budgie --
Ubuntu Kylin --
References --
8. Games --
Ubuntu Gaming --
Installing Proprietary Video Drivers --
Online Game Sources --
Steam --
GOG.com --
Humble --
itch.io --
LGDB --
Game Jolt --
Installing Games in Ubuntu --
Warsow --
Scorched 3D --
Frozen Bubble --
SuperTux --
Battle for Wesnoth --
Frets on Fire --
FlightGear --
Speed Dreams --
Games for Kids --
Commercial Games --
Playing Windows Games --
References --
9. Managing Software --
Ubuntu Software --
Using Synaptic for Software Management --
Staying Up-to-Date --
Working on the Command Line --
Day-to-Day APT Usage --
Finding Software --
Using apt Instead of apt-get --
Compiling Software from Source --
Compiling from a Tarball --
Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories --
Configuration Management --
dotdee --
Ubuntu Core --
Using Snaps --
References --
10. Command-Line Beginner&apos
s Class --
What Is the Command Line? --
Accessing the Command Line --
Text-Based Console Login --
Logging Out --
Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer --
User Accounts --
Reading Documentation --
Using Man Pages --
Using apropros --
Using whereis --
Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy --
Essential Commands in /bin and /lsbin --
Configuration Files in /etc --
User Directories: /home --
Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kemel --
Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory --
Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory --
Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory --
Navigating the Linux File System --
Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls --
Changing Directories with cd --
Finding Your Current Directory with pwd --
Working with Permissions --
Assigning Permissions --
Directory Permissions --
Altering File Permissions with chmod --
File Permissions with umask --
File Permissions with chgrp --
Changing File Permissions with chown --
Understanding Set User ID, Set Group ID, and Sticky Bit Permissions --
Setting Permissions with Access Control Lists --
Working with Files --
Creating a File with touch --
Creating a Directory with mkdir --
Deleting a Directory with rmdir --
Deleting a File or Directory with rm --
Moving or Renaming a File with mv --
Copying a File with cp --
Displaying the Contents of a File with cat --
Displaying the Contents of a File with less --
Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions --
Working as Root --
Understanding and Fixing sudo --
Creating Users --
Deleting Users --
Shutting Down the System --
Rebooting the System --
Commonly Used Commands and Programs --
References --
11. Command-Llne Master Class, Part 1 --
Why Use the Command Line? --
Using Basic Commands --
Printing the Contents of a File with cat --
Changing Directories with cd --
Changing File Access Permissions with chmod --
Copying Files with cp --
Printing Disk Usage with du --
Using echo --
Finding Files by Searching with find --
Searches for a String in Input with grep --
Paging Through Output with less --
Creating Links Between Files with ln --
Finding Files from an Index with locate --
Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls --
Listing System Information with lsblk, lshw, lsmod, lspci, and neofetch --
Reading Manual Pages with man --
Making Directories with mkdir --
Moving Files with mv --
Deleting Files and Directories with rm --
Sorting the Contents of a File with sort --
Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail --
Printing the Location of a Command with which --
Downloading Files with wget --
References --
12. Command-Llne Master Class, Part 2 --
Redirecting Output and Input --
stdin, stdout, stderr, and Redirection --
Comparing Files --
Finding Differences in Files with diff --
Finding Similarities in Files with comm --
Limiting Resource Use and Job Control --
Listing Processes with ps --
Listing Jobs with jobs --
Running One or More Tasks in the Background --
Moving Jobs to the Background or Foreground with bg and fg --
Printing Resource Usage with top --
Setting Process Priority with nice --
Combining Commands --
Pipes --
Combining Commands with Boolean Operators --
Running Separate Commands in Sequence --
Process Substitution --
Executing Jobs in Parallel --
Using Environment Variables --
Using Common Text Editors --
Working with nano --
Working with vi --
Working with emacs --
Working with sed and awk --
Working with Compressed Files --
Using Multiple Terminals with byobu --
Doing a Polite System Reset Using REISUB --
Fixing an Ubuntu System that Will Not Boot --
Checking BIOS --
Checking GRUB --
Reinstalling GRUB --
Using Recovery Mode --
Reinstalling Ubuntu --
Tips and Tricks --
Running the Previous Command --
Running Any Previous Command --
Running a Previous Command that Started with Specific Letters --
Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word --
Viewing Your History and More --
Doing Two or More Things --
Using Shortcuts --
Confining a Script to a Directory --
Using Coreutils --
Reading the Contents of the Kernel Ring Buffer with dmesg --
References --
13. Managing Users --
User Accounts --
The Super User/Root User --
User IDs and Group IDs --
File Permissions --
Managing Groups --
Group Listing --
Group Management Tools --
Managing Users --
User Management Tools --
Adding New Users --
Monitoring User Activity on the System --
Managing Passwords --
System Password Policy --
The Password File --
Shadow Passwords --
Managing Password Security for Users --
Changing Passwords in a Batch --
Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users --
Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command --
Granting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo Command --
Disk Quotas --
Implementing Quotas --
Manually Configuring Quotas --
Related Ubuntu Commands --
References --
14. Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting --
Scheduling Tasks --
Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later --
Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly --
Using rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep Automatically --
Basic Shell Control --
The Shell Command Line --
Shell Pattern-Matching Support --
Redirecting Input and Output --
Piping Data --
Background Processing --
Writing and Executing a Shell Script --
Running the New Shell Program --
Storing Shell Scripts for System-wide Access --
Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells --
Assigning a Value to a Variable --
Accessing Variable Values --
Positional Parameters --
A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter --
Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line --
Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks --
Built-in Variables --
Special Characters --
Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash --
Comparing Expressions with tcsh --
The for Statement --
The while Statement --
The until Statement --
The repeat Statement (tcsh) --
The select Statement (pdksh) --
The shift Statement --
The if Statement --
The expr Statement --
The case Statement --
The break and exit Statements --
Using Functions in Shell Scripts --
References --
15. The Boot Process --
Running Services at Boot --
Beginning the Boot Loading Process --
Loading the Linux Kernel --
System Services and Runlevels --
Runlevel Definitions --
Booting into the Default Runlevel --
Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization --
Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools --
Changing Runlevels --
Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems --
Starting and Stopping Services Manually --
Using Upstart --
Using systemd --
Boot-Repair --
References --
16. System-Monitoring Tools --
Console-Based Monitoring --
Using the kill Command to Control Processes --
Using Priority Scheduling and Control --
Displaying Free and Used Memory with free --
Disk Space --
Disk Quotas --
Checking Log Files --
Rotating Log Files --
Graphical Process- and System-Management Tools --
System Monitor --
Conky --
Other Graphical Process- and System-Monitoring Tools --
KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools --
Enterprise Server Monitoring --
References --
17. Backing Up --
Choosing a Backup Strategy --
Why Data Loss Occurs --
Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources --
Evaluating Backup Strategies --
Making the Choice --
Choosing Backup Hardware and Media --
Removable Storage Media --
CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives --
Network Storage --
Tape Drive Backups --
Cloud Storage --
Using Backup Software --
tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool --
The GNOME File Roller --
The KDE ark Archiving Tool --
Déjà Dup --
Back In Time --
Unison --
Amanda --
Alternative Backup Software --
Copying Files --
Copying Files Using tar --
Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams --
Copying Files Using cp --
Copying Files Using mc --
Using rsync --
Version Control for Configuration Files --
System Rescue --
The Ubuntu Rescue Disc --
Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader --
Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive --
References --
18. Networking --
Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface --
Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface --
Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually --
Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr --
Networking with TCP/IP --
TCP/IP Addressing --
Using IP Masquerading in Ubuntu --
Ports --
IPv6 Basics --
Network Organization --
Subnetting --
Subnet Masks --
Broadcast, Unicast, and Multicast Addressing --
Hardware Devices for Networking --
Network Interface Cards --
Network Cable --
Hubs and Switches --
Routers and Bridges --
Initializing New Network Hardware --
Using Network Configuration Tools --
Command-Line Network Interface Configuration --
Network Configuration Files --
Using Graphical Configuration Tools --
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol --
How DHCP Works --
Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time --
DHCP Software Installation and Configuration --
Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts --
Other Uses for DHCP --
Wireless Networking --
Support for Wireless Networking in Ubuntu --
Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols --
Beyond the Network and onto the Internet --
Common Configuration Information --
Configuring Digital Subscriber Line Access --
Understanding PPP over Ethernet --
Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually --
Configuring Dial-up Internet Access --
Troubleshooting Connection Problems --
References --
19. Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC --
Setting Up a Telnet Server --
Telnet Versus SSH --
Setting Up an SSH Server --
SSH Tools --
Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines --
Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines --
Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins. --
Virtual Network Computing --
References --
20. Securing Your Machines --
Understanding Computer Attacks --
Assessing Your Vulnerability --
Protecting Your Machine --
Securing a Wireless Network --
Passwords and Physical Security --
Configuring and Using Tripwire --
Securing Devices --
Viruses --
Configuring Your Firewall --
AppArmor --
Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan --
References --
21. Performance Tuning --
Storage Disk --
Linux File Systems --
Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives --
The hdparm Command --
File System Tuning --
The tune2fs Command --
The e2fsck Command --
The badblocks Command --
Disabling File Access Time --
Kernel --
Apache --
MySQL --
Measuring Key Buffer Usage --
Using the Query Cache --
Miscellaneous Tweaks --
Query Optimization --
References --
22. Kernel and Module Management --
The Linux Kernel --
The Linux Source Tree --
Types of Kernels --
Managing Modules --
When to Recompile --
Kernel Versions --
Obtaining the Kernel Sources --
Patching the Kernel --
Compiling the Kernel --
Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel --
Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image --
When Something Goes Wrong --
Errors During Compile --
Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops --
References --
23. Sharing Flies and Printers --
Using Network File System --
Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS --
NFS Server Configuration --
NFS Client Configuration --
Putting Samba to Work --
Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf --
Testing Samba with the testparm Command --
Starting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd Daemon --
Mounting Samba Shares --
Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu --
Creating Network Printers --
Using the CUPS GUI --
Avoiding Printer Support Problems --
References --
24. Common Web Server Stacks --
LAMP --
LEMP --
MEAN --
References --
25. Apache Web Server Management --
About the Apache Web Server --
Installing the Apache Server --
Starting and Stopping Apache --
Runtime Server Configuration Settings --
Runtime Configuration Directives --
Editing apache2.conf --
Apache Multiprocessing Modules --
Using .htaccess Configuration Files --
File System Authentication and Access Control --
Restricting Access with Require --
Authentication --
Final Words on Access Control --
Apache Modules --
mod_access --
mod_alias --
mod_asis --
mod_auth --
mod_auth_anon --
mod_auth_dbm --
mod_auth_digest --
mod_autoindex --
mod_cgi --
mod_dir and mod_env --
mod_expires --
mod_headers --
mod_include --
mod_info and mod_log_config --
mod_mime and mod_mime_magic --
mod_negotiation --
mod_proxy --
mod_rewrite --
mod_setenvif --
mod_speling --
mod_status --
mod_ssl --
mod_unique_id --
mod_userdir --
mod_usertrack --
mod_vhost_alias --
Virtual Hosting --
Address-Based Virtual Hosts --
Name-Based Virtual Hosts --
Logging --
HTTPS --
References --
26. Nginx Web Server Management --
About the Nginx Web Server --
Installing the Nginx Server --
Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories --
Building the Source Yourself --
Configuring the Nginx Server --
Virtual Hosting --
Setting Up PHP --
Adding and Configuring Modules --
HTTPS --
Reference --
27. Other HTTP Servers --
lighttpd --
Yaws --
Cherokee --
Jetty --
thttpd --
Apache Tomcat --
WildFly --
References --
28 .Administering Relational Database Services --
A Brief Review of Database Basics --
How Relational Databases Work --
Understanding SQL Basics --
Creating Tables --
Inserting Data into Tables --
Retrieving Data from a Database --
Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL --
Speed --
Data Locking --
ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity --
SQL Subqueries --
Procedural Languages and Triggers --
Configuring MySQL --
Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User --
Creating a Database in MySQL --
Configuring PostgreSQL --
Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL --
Creating a Database in PostgreSQL --
Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL --
Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL --
Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL --
Database Clients --
SSH Access to a Database --
Local GUI Client Access to a Database --
Web Access to a Database --
The MySQL Command-Line Client --
The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client --
Graphical Clients --
References --
29. NoSQL Databases --
Key/Value Stores --
Berkeley DB --
Cassandra --
etcd --
Memcached and MemcacheDB --
Redis --
Riak --
Scylla --
Document Stores --
CouchDB --
MongoDB --
BaseX --
Wide Column Stores --
BigTable --
HBase --
Graph Stores --
Neo4j --
OrientDB --
HyperGraphDB --
FlockDB --
References --
30. Virtualization on Ubuntu --
KVM --
VirtualBox --
VMware --
Xen --
References --
31. Ubuntu in the Cloud --
Why a Cloud? --
Software as a Service (SaaS) --
Platform as a Service (PaaS) --
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) --
Metal as a Service (MaaS) --
Things to Consider Before You Make any Decisions --
Deploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid? --
Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack --
Compute Infrastructure: Nova --
Storage Infrastructure: Swift --
Networking Service: Neutron --
Identity Service: Keystone --
Imaging Service: Glance --
Dashboard: Horizon --
Learning More --
Juju --
Mojo: Continuous Delivery for Juju --
Ubuntu Core --
Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS) --
Landscape --
References --
32. Containers and Ubuntu --
LXC and LXD --
Docker --
Kubernetes --
CoreOS and Canonical --
References --
33. Managing Sets of Servers --
Juju --
Puppet --
Chef --
CFEngine --
Ansible --
Landscape --
References --
34. Remote File Serving with FTP --
Choosing an FTP Server --
Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server --
Ubuntu FTP Server Packages --
Installing FTP Software --
The FTP User --
Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server --
Controlling Anonymous Access --
Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files --
Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection --
References --
35. Handling Email --
How Email Is Sent and Received --
The Mail Transport Agent --
Choosing an MTA --
The Mail Delivery Agent --
The Mail User Agent --
Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation --
Configuring Masquerading --
Using Smart Hosts --
Setting Message Delivery Intervals --
Mail Relaying --
Forwarding Email with Aliases --
Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail --
Installing Fetchmail --
Configuring Fetchmail --
Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent --
Procmail --
Spamassassin --
Squirrelmail --
Virus Scanners --
Autoresponders --
References --
36. Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) --
What Is a Proxy Server? --
Installing Squid --
Configuring Clients --
Access Control Lists --
Specifying Client IP Addresses --
Sample Configurations --
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) --
Setting Up a VPN Client --
Setting Up a VPN Server --
References --
37. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) --
Configuring the Server --
Creating Your Schema --
Populating Your Directory --
Configuring Clients --
LDAP Administration --
References --
38. Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) --
LTSP Requirements --
LTSP Installation --
Using LTSP --
References --
39. Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS) --
Understanding Domain Names --
DNS Servers --
DNS Records --
Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND --
References --
40. Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu --
Programming in C with Linux --
Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu --
Building Programs with make --
Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code --
Debugging Tools --
Using the GNU C Compiler --
Graphical Development Tools --
Using the KDevelop Client --
The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME --
IDES and SDKs --
References --
41. Using Ubuntu for Opportunistic Software Development --
Version Control Systems --
Managing Software Projects with Git --
Managing Software Projects with Bazaar --
Managing Software Projects with Subversion --
Managing Software Projects with Mercurial --
Introduction to Opportunistic Development --
Launchpad --
Ubuntu Make --
Creating Snap Packages --
Bikeshed and Other Tools --
References --
42. Helping with Ubuntu Development --
Introduction to Ubuntu Development --
Setting Up Your Development System --
Install Basic Packages and Configure --
Creating a Launchpad Account --
Setting Up Your Environment to Work with Launchpad --
Fixing Bugs and Packaging --
Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest --
Masters of the Universe --
References --
43. Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA --
Community Teams --
Ubuntu Testing Team --
Ubuntu QA Team --
Bug Squad --
References --
44. Using Popular Programming Languages --
Ada --
Clojure --
COBOL --
D --
Dart --
Elixir --
Erlang --
Forth --
Fortran --
Go --
Groovy --
Haskell --
Java --
JavaScript --
Lisp --
Lua --
Mono --
OCaml --
Perl --
PHP --
Python --
Ruby --
Rust --
Scala --
Scratch --
Vala --
References --
45. Beginning Mobile Development for Android --
Introduction to Android --
Hardware --
Linux Kernel --
Libraries --
Android Runtime --
Application Framework --
Applications --
Installing Android Studio --
Installing Android Studio --
Installing SDK Packages --
Creating Your First Application --
References.