U.S. vs EU, An Examination of the Trade Issues Surrounding Genetically Modified Food 3rd Edition (Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology)

U.S. vs. EU: An Examination of the Trade IssuesSurrounding Genetically Modified Food......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 3
I. INTRODUCTION & SUMMARY......Page 5
II. BACKGROUND: U.S. – EU TRADE......Page 7
A. European Attitudes toward GM Crops and Foods......Page 10
B. Food Safety Crises......Page 11
C. Cultural attitudes and other issues......Page 12
D. European Regulation of GM Crops and Foods Prior to 1998......Page 13
B. The U.S. Responds with a WTO trade complaint......Page 14
A. New EU Legislation......Page 17
B. Experience under the new EU system......Page 18
C. U.S. Reaction to new EU regulations on GMOs......Page 21
SOURCES......Page 22
The International Regulation of Biotechnology and Its Trade......Page 23
Details on U.S. Agricultural Trade with the EU 1998–2004......Page 25
The WTO Trade Dispute Process......Page 27
SOURCES FOR APPENDIX C......Page 28
Timeline of events relevant to U.S.–EU agricultural biotechnology trade issues......Page 29
SOURCES FOR APPENDIX D......Page 38
Backgrounder on the EU......Page 39
SOURCES FOR APPENDIX E......Page 43
Status of GM Crops and Food in the EU......Page 44
GM Plants Approved Prior to 1998 under Directive 90/220/EEC......Page 46
Notifications of “Substantially Equivalent” Foods Pursuant to Article 5 of Novel Food Regulation (EC) 258/97......Page 48
Pending Applications for Approval under Directive 2001/18/EC......Page 54
GM crops Banned by Member State Governments......Page 56
SOURCES FOR APPENDIX F......Page 61