Turbomachinery: Design and Theory (Dekker Mechanical Engineering)

COVER
......Page 1
TITLE
......Page 2
COPYRIGHT
......Page 3
PREFACE......Page 11
CONTENTS......Page 13
1.2 TYPES OF TURBOMACHINES......Page 18
1.3 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS......Page 23
1.6 HYDRAULIC MACHINES......Page 24
1.7 THE REYNOLDS NUMBER......Page 27
1.9 GEOMETRIC SIMILARITY......Page 29
1.12 PROTOTYPE AND MODEL EFFICIENCY......Page 30
1.13.4 VISCOSITY (U)......Page 31
1.14 COMPRESSIBLE FLOW MACHINES......Page 32
1.17 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS......Page 35
1.17.1 THE STEADY FLOW ENERGY EQUATION......Page 36
1.18 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION......Page 37
1.19 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: ENTROPY......Page 38
1.20 EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES......Page 39
1.21 STEAM AND GAS TURBINES......Page 40
1.22 EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSORS......Page 41
1.23 POLYTROPIC OR SMALL-STAGE EFFICIENCY......Page 42
1.24 NOZZLE EFFICIENCY......Page 45
1.25 DIFFUSER EFFICIENCY......Page 46
1.27 THE EULER TURBINE EQUATION......Page 47
1.28 COMPONENTS OF ENERGY TRANSFER......Page 50
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.1:......Page 52
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.2:......Page 53
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.4:......Page 54
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.5:......Page 55
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.6:......Page 56
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.8:......Page 57
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.10:......Page 58
PROBLEMS......Page 59
NOTATION......Page 60
SUFFIXES......Page 62
2.2 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS......Page 63
2.2.1 IMPELLER......Page 64
2.3 SLIP FACTOR......Page 65
2.4 PUMP LOSSES......Page 67
2.5 THE EFFECT OF IMPELLER BLADE SHAPE ON PERFORMANCE......Page 69
2.6 VOLUTE OR SCROLL COLLECTOR......Page 70
2.7 VANELESS DIFFUSER......Page 71
2.9 CAVITATION IN PUMPS......Page 73
2.12 PUMPING SYSTEM DESIGN......Page 75
2.12.1 METHODS FOR ANALYZING EXISTING PUMPING SYSTEMS......Page 77
2.13 LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS......Page 78
2.15 MULTIPLE PUMP OPERATION......Page 81
2.15.1 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD......Page 82
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.2:......Page 84
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.3:......Page 85
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.4:......Page 86
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.6:......Page 87
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.7:......Page 89
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.8:......Page 90
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.9:......Page 91
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.10:......Page 92
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.11:......Page 93
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.12:......Page 94
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.14:......Page 95
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.15:......Page 96
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.16:......Page 97
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.17:......Page 99
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.18:......Page 100
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.19:......Page 101
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2.20:......Page 102
PROBLEMS......Page 104
SUFFIXES......Page 106
3.2 PELTON WHEEL......Page 107
3.3 VELOCITY TRIANGLES......Page 108
3.4 PELTON WHEEL (LOSSES AND EFFICIENCIES)......Page 110
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.1:......Page 112
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.2:......Page 114
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.3:......Page 115
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.4:......Page 116
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.5:......Page 117
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.6:......Page 118
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.7:......Page 119
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.8:......Page 121
3.5 REACTION TURBINE......Page 123
3.6 TURBINE LOSSES......Page 126
3.7 TURBINE CHARACTERISTICS......Page 127
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.9:......Page 129
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.10:......Page 132
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.12:......Page 135
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.13:......Page 136
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.14:......Page 138
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.15:......Page 139
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.16:......Page 140
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.18:......Page 141
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.19:......Page 143
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3.20:......Page 144
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.21:......Page 146
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.22:......Page 149
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.23:......Page 150
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.24:......Page 151
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.25:......Page 153
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3.26:......Page 154
PROBLEMS......Page 155
NOTATION......Page 157
4.2 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR......Page 158
4.3 THE EFFECT OF BLADE SHAPE ON PERFORMANCE......Page 160
4.4 VELOCITY DIAGRAMS......Page 161
4.5 SLIP FACTOR......Page 163
4.6 WORK DONE......Page 164
4.7 DIFFUSER......Page 165
4.8 COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS......Page 166
4.9 MACH NUMBER IN THE DIFFUSER......Page 167
4.11 STALL......Page 168
4.12 SURGING......Page 169
4.13 CHOKING......Page 170
4.13.2 IMPELLER......Page 171
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4.1:......Page 172
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4.2:......Page 173
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4.3:......Page 174
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4.4:......Page 175
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4.6:......Page 176
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4.7:......Page 177
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.8:......Page 178
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.10:......Page 179
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.11:......Page 181
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.12:......Page 182
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.13:......Page 184
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.14:......Page 186
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.15:......Page 187
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.16:......Page 191
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4.17:......Page 193
PROBLEMS......Page 198
SUFFIXES......Page 200
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 201
5.2 VELOCITY DIAGRAM......Page 204
5.3 DEGREE OF REACTION......Page 206
5.5 LIFT-AND-DRAG COEFFICIENTS......Page 208
5.6 CASCADE NOMENCLATURE AND TERMINOLOGY......Page 209
5.7 3-D CONSIDERATION......Page 213
5.8 MULTI-STAGE PERFORMANCE......Page 216
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5.1:......Page 217
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5.3:......Page 219
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5.4:......Page 222
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5.6:......Page 226
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.7:......Page 228
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5.8:......Page 230
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.9:......Page 231
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5.10:......Page 232
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.11:......Page 233
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.12:......Page 236
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.13:......Page 240
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.14:......Page 242
DESIGN EXAMPLE 5.15:......Page 244
PROBLEMS......Page 246
SUFFIXES......Page 249
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 250
6.2 STEAM NOZZLES......Page 251
6.4 THE REHEAT FACTOR......Page 253
6.5 METASTABLE EQUILIBRIUM......Page 254
EXAMPLE......Page 255
6.6 STAGE DESIGN......Page 260
6.8 THE IMPULSE STEAM TURBINE......Page 261
6.10 VELOCITY COMPOUNDING (THE CURTIS TURBINE)......Page 266
6.11 AXIAL FLOW STEAM TURBINES......Page 267
6.12 DEGREE OF REACTION......Page 269
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6.6:......Page 274
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.7:......Page 276
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6.8:......Page 278
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.9:......Page 279
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.10:......Page 281
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.11:......Page 282
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6.12:......Page 283
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6.13:......Page 285
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.14:......Page 286
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.15:......Page 288
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.16:......Page 290
DESIGN EXAMPLE 6.17:......Page 291
PROBLEMS......Page 292
NOTATION......Page 294
SUFFIXES......Page 295
7.1 INTRODUCTION TO AXIAL FLOW TURBINES......Page 296
7.2 VELOCITY TRIANGLES AND WORK OUTPUT......Page 298
7.3 DEGREE OF REACTION (A)......Page 300
7.4 BLADE-LOADING COEFFICIENT......Page 301
7.5 STATOR (NOZZLE) AND ROTOR LOSSES......Page 303
7.6 FREE VORTEX DESIGN......Page 305
EXAMPLE......Page 306
7.8 RADIAL FLOW TURBINE......Page 320
7.9 VELOCITY DIAGRAMS AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS......Page 322
7.11 TURBINE EFFICIENCY......Page 324
7.12 APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC SPEED......Page 326
DESIGN EXAMPLE 7.11......Page 327
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 7.12......Page 329
PROBLEMS......Page 331
NOTATION......Page 332
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 334
8.2.2 CAVITATION WITHOUT MAJOR FLOW—VIBRATORY CAVITATION......Page 335
8.4 CAVITATION PARAMETER FOR DYNAMIC SIMILARITY......Page 336
8.5 PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND USES OF THE CAVITATION PARAMETER......Page 339
8.6 THE RAYLEIGH ANALYSIS OF A SPHERICAL CAVITY IN AN INVISCID INCOMPRESSIBLE LIQUID AT REST AT INFINITY......Page 340
8.8.1 THOMA’S SIGMA......Page 346
8.8.2 SIGMA TESTS......Page 351
8.8.3 INTERPRETATION OF SIGMA TESTS......Page 354
8.8.4 SUCTION SPECIFIC SPEED......Page 355
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI)......Page 359
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WATER......Page 364
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS......Page 387
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AIR......Page 394
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 399