Tunable Materials With Applications in Antennas and Microwaves

List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Ferrites and Ferroelectrics
	Tunable Electromagnetic Materials
	Overview of the Evolution of Ferrites
	Ferroelectrics
		Bulk Ferroelectrics
		Thin Film Ferroelectrics
	Ferrite–Ferroelectric Films
	Tunable Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs)
	References
Tunable Materials–Characteristics and Constitutive Parameters
	Introduction
	Microwave Ferrites
		Historical Evolution
		Unique Ferrite Features
		Integration of Microwave Magnetic
		Basic Properties of Magnetic Materials
		Electron Magnetic Moment—Bohr Magneton
		Properties and Types of Magnetic Materials
	Ferrimagnetics: Ferrite Materials and Magnetic Garnets
		Spinnel Ferrites
		Hexagonal Ferrites or Hexaferrites–Permanent Magnetic Ferrites
		Magnetic Garnets
	Ferrite Films
		Garnet Monocrystallized Films
		Polycrystalline Ferrite Films
	Ferrite Films and MMIC Combatibility
	Ferrite Constitutive Relations
		Magnetization Equations
		Permeability Tensor
		Axial Magnetization in Cylindrical Coordinates
		Circumferential Magnetization in Cylindrical Coordinates
		Magnetization at an Arbitrary Direction in Cartesian Coordinates
		Permeability Tensor: Taking Losses into Account
	Dielectric Properties of Ferrites
		Electronic Polarizability (_e)
		Ionic or Atomic Polarizability (_i)
		Permanent Dipole Polarizility (_d)
		Space Charge Polarizability (_s)
		Dielectric Losses
		Conduction Mechanism in Ferrites and Garnets
		Magnetic Losses
	Ferroelctric Properties
		Electric Polarization–Permittivity
	Ferroelectricity
	Hysteresis Loop
	Ferroelectric Materials—Perovskites
	The Perovskite Crystal Structure
	Ferroelectricity as a Result of Crystallic Asymmetry
	Paraelectric Phase
	Quantum or Incipient Ferroelectric
	Perovskite Superlattices
	Conventional Ferroelectrics—Temperature and DC Bias Dependence
	Superconductor Perovskites
	Ferroelectric Layers and Electrode Interfaces
	Hysteresis Loop of Ferroelectrics
	Theory of the Ferroelectric Dielectric Response
	Ferroelectric Tunability
	Ferroelectric Microwave Losses
		Intrinsic Losses
		Extrinsic Losses
		Losses Due to Charged Defects
		Losses of Local Polar Regions
	References
Finite Ferrite Samples
	Demagnitization Factors and Ferrite Samples
	Spin Waves and Magnetostatic Waves
	Low– vs. High–Order Spin Waves
	Magnetostatic Modes
	Spin–Wave Spectrum Manifold
	Exchange–Field Interaction
	Anisotropy Energy
	Magnetization Equation for Spin Waves
	Spin Waves as Magnons
	Spin Waves in an Infinite Medium
	Spin Waves Including Dipolar Interactions
	Spin–Waves Accounting for Dipole–Dipole Interaction
	Spin–Wave Manifold
	Preliminaries to Spin–Wave Excitation
	Spin Waves in a Finite Sample
	Magnetostatic Waves
	Susceptibility and Characteristic Equation–Uniform Mode
	The Magnetostatic Equation of a Uniformly Biased Specimen
	Magnetostatic Modes in an Infinite Medium
	Magnetostatic Manifold
	Magnetostatic Modes of an Infinitely Extending Thin Slab Film
		Phase and Group Velocities of MSFVW
	Longitudinally Magnetized Infinitely Extending Thin Slabs
		Magnetostatic Volume Modes (1+X)<0
	Magnetostatic Surface Waves (1+X)> 0
		MSSW Propagating in the y–Direction (k_z=0)
		Non–Reciprocal Surface–Wave Modes
		Polarization of Magnetostatic Waves
		Polarization of MSSW Modes
		Graphic Representation of Magnetostatic Waves
		Magnetostatic Modes in an Infinite Circular Disk-Perpendicular Magnetization
		Finite Ferrite Disks
		Finite Cylindrically Symmetric Samples–Rods
		Faraday Rotation–Circular Polarization (CP)
	Magnetostatic Waves on Multilayer and Grounded Structures
		Grounded Ferrite Slab
		Magnetostatic Volume Modes: (1+X) < 0
		Surface Wave Modes: (1+X) > 0
		Surface Waves Propagating Only in the –Direction (k_z=0)
		Grounded Dielectric–Ferrite Layers
		Magnetostatic Volume Modes (1+X) < 0
		Volume Modes Propagating Only in the z–Direction (k_y=0)
		Magnetostatic Surface Modes (1+X)>0
		Surface Waves Propagating Only in the –Direction (k_z=0)
		Magnetostatic Modes of a Finite Width Slab
		Surface Modes of Finite Width Slab (-w/2 z w/2)
		Volume Modes of a Slab Finite in the z–Dimension
		Volume Modes of a Slab Finite in y–Dimension
	Transversely Biased Grounded Dielectric–Ferrite Layers
	Shielded Dielectric–Ferrite Layers
		Transversely Magnetized Shielded Dielectric–Ferrite Layers (MSFVW)
	Longitudinally Magnetized Shielded Dielectric Ferrite Layers
		Magnetostatic Volume Modes
		Magnetostatic Surface Modes (1+X) > 0
	Magnetized and Spin Waves in Ferrite Slab with Losses
	Magnetostatic Wave Spectrum in the Presence of Losses
	References
Multiferroics: Ferrite–Ferroelectric Composites
	Introduction
	Multiferroic Properties
	Topologies—Connectivity at Two–Phase Composites
	Multiferroics Constitutive Relations
	References
Planar Transmission Lines
	Introduction
	Multilayer Microstrip Lines
	Three–Layers Microstrip Line
	Multiple Dielectric Layer Microstrip Line
	Frequency Dispersion of Multilayer Microstrip Lines
	Equivalent Single–Layer Microstrip (SLR)
	Characteristic Impedance vs. Frequency, Z_0(f)
	Dielectric Losses
	Coplanar Transmission Lines
	Multilayer Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)
		Quasi–Static Approximation
	Symmetric Multilayer Coplanar Waveguides (w_1 = w_2 = w)
		Single–Layer CPW
	Multilayer CPW with Finite Ground Planes
		Characteristic Impedance
	Multilayer Coplanar Strips
	Microstrip Line on a Single Magnetic Substrate
	Microstrip on a Single Anisotropic Dielectric Substrate
	Microstrip Printed on a Weakly Magnetized Ferrite–Dielectric Substrate
	Microstrip Lines on Gyrotropic Substrate
	TEM Duality Principle in Gyrotropic Media
	References
Authors' Biographies
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