Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Chemokines – Part A (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1231)

Preface
Contents
Contributors
1: CX3CL1 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
	1.1	 The CX3CL1:CX3CR1 Axis
	1.2	 Pro- and Anti-Tumor Immune Roles of CX3CL1
	1.3	 CX3CL1 Exerts Direct Biological Effects on Tumor Progression
	1.4	 CX3CL1 in the Metastatic Niche
	1.5	 CX3CL1 in Inflammation-Driven and Obesity-Associated Cancer
	1.6	 Challenges of Therapeutically Targeting the CX3CL1:CX3CR1 Pathway
	References
2: CCL3 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 CCL3 Basic Concepts
	2.3	 CCL3 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
		2.3.1	 Antitumor Activity of CCL3
		2.3.2	 Pro-tumorigenic Effect of CCL3
	2.4	 Future Trends
	References
3: CCL4 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
	3.1	 Introduction
	3.2	 Biochemistry of CCL4
	3.3	 Physiology of CCL4 and Its Receptor
	3.4	 CCL4 in the Tumor Microenvironments
	3.5	 Conclusion and Perspective
	References
4: CCL7 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
	4.1	 Physiological Roles of CCL7
	4.2	 Opposite Role of CCL7 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
		4.2.1	 Pro-tumor Effect of CCL7
			4.2.1.1	 Signaling Induced by Tumor-Derived CCL7
			4.2.1.2	 Signaling Induced by Immune Cells-Derived CCL7
			4.2.1.3	 Signaling Induced by CAF-Derived CCL7
			4.2.1.4	 Signaling Induced by CAAs-Derived CCL7
			4.2.1.5	 Signaling Induced by Other Cells-Derived CCL7
		4.2.2	 Antitumor Effect of CCL7
	4.3	 Immunotherapy Landscape and Future Direction
	References
5: The Multifaceted Roles of CXCL9 Within the Tumor Microenvironment
	5.1	 Introduction
	5.2	 Antitumoral Role of the CXCL9-CXCR3 Pathway
	5.3	 CXCL9 as a Negative Regulator of Cancer Angiogenesis
	5.4	 CXCL9 Promotes the Invasiveness of Cancer
	5.5	 CXCL9 as Biomarker in Immunotherapy
	5.6	 Modulating Chemokine Signalling in Cancer Immunotherapy
	5.7	 Conclusion
	References
6: CCL20 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
	6.1	 Introduction
	6.2	 CCL20 Signaling
	6.3	 Roles of CCL20 in Multiple Cancers
		6.3.1	 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
		6.3.2	 Breast Cancer
	6.4	 Tumor Microenvironment Alteration Mediated by CCL20 Signaling
		6.4.1	 Dendritic Cells (DCs)
		6.4.2	 Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
		6.4.3	 T Helper 17 Cells (Th17 Cells)
	6.5	 Synergistic Tumor Regulation of CCL20 with Other Cytokines in Tumor Microenvironment
	6.6	 Input and Output of CCL20 Signaling
	6.7	 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
7: CCL21 Programs Immune Activity in Tumor Microenvironment
	7.1	 Introduction
	7.2	 Requirements for Effective Antitumor Immune Activity
	7.3	 Rationale for CCL21 Chemokine in Cancer Therapy
	7.4	 CCL21 Induction of Antitumor Immune Responses
	7.5	 CCL21 Gene-Modified DC Therapy for Lung Cancer
	7.6	 Clinical Translation of DC-AdCCL21 Therapy to Lung Cancer Patients
	7.7	 Polymer-Based CCL21 Delivery
	7.8	 Diagnostics and Prognostic Monitoring of CCL21 and Effects
	7.9	 Therapeutics
	7.10	 Future Prospects
	References
8: CCL22 Signaling in the Tumor Environment
	8.1	 Introduction
	8.2	 The Chemokine CCL22 in Homeostasis and Immune Activation
	8.3	 The Tumor Immune Environment
		8.3.1	 Antitumor Immunity and Immune Escape
		8.3.2	 Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Immune Environment
	8.4	 The Role of CCL22 in Cancer
		8.4.1	 Cancer-Associated CCL22 Expression in Tumors
		8.4.2	 Mechanisms of CCL22 Induction in Solid Tumors
		8.4.3	 CCL22 Expression in Peripheral Lymph Nodes and Its Implications in Cancer
	8.5	 Targeting the CCL22-CCR4-Regulatory T Cell Axis for Cancer Immunotherapy
		8.5.1	 Direct Targeting of the CCL22-CCR4 Axis
		8.5.2	 Indirect Targeting of the CCL22-CCR4 Axis
			8.5.2.1	 IL-1(Receptor) Antagonism
			8.5.2.2	 Toll-Like Receptor Agonists
	8.6	 Conclusion
	References
Index