Tuco-Tucos: An Evolutionary Approach to the Diversity of a Neotropical Subterranean Rodent

Foreword
Introduction
Literature Cited
Contents
Contributors
About the Editors
Part I: Evolution of Ctenomys
	Chapter 1: The History of Ctenomys in the Fossil Record: A Young Radiation of an Ancient Family
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Stem Ctenomyids and the Understanding of Ctenomyid Origin
		1.3 The Genus Ctenomys
		1.4 Final Considerations
		Literature Cited
	Chapter 2: A Short Overview of the Systematics of Ctenomys: Species Limits and Phylogenetic Relationships
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Taxonomy
			2.2.1 Currently Considered Distinct Species
			2.2.2 Candidate Species
			2.2.3 Unavailable Names
			2.2.4 Synonyms
			2.2.5 Final Remarks of the Taxonomy Section
		2.3 Phylogenetic Relationships
			2.3.1 Early Phylogenetic Analyses
			2.3.2 DNA Sequence-Based Studies
			2.3.3 Species Relationships and Species Groups
			2.3.4 Subgenera of Ctenomys
			2.3.5 Dating
			2.3.6 Trait Evolution
			2.3.7 Final Remarks on Phylogenetic Relationships
		References
	Chapter 3: Speciation Within the Genus Ctenomys: An Attempt to Find Models
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Allopatric Speciation Model
			3.2.1 C. flamarioni and C. australis
			3.2.2 C. minutus and C. lami
		3.3 Sympatric Speciation Model
			3.3.1 C. minutus
		3.4 Chromosomal Speciation Model
			3.4.1 C. lami
		3.5 Hybrid Zones
		3.6 Intraspecific Hybrid Zones
		3.7 Interspecific Hybrid Zones
		3.8 Other Processes
		3.9 Final Comments
		Literature Cited
Part II: Geographic Patterns
	Chapter 4: Geographical and Macroecological Patterns of Tuco-Tucos
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Patterns of Species Distribution
		4.3 Patterns of Geographic Range Size Distribution
		4.4 Patterns of Body Size Distribution
		4.5 Concluding Remarks
		Literature Cited
	Chapter 5: Phylogeography and Landscape Genetics in the Subterranean Rodents of the Genus Ctenomys
		5.1 An Overview of Phylogeography and Landscape Genetics
		5.2 Why Study Underground Rodents as Models from Population Genetic Approaches?
		5.3 Patterns of Isolation by Distance
		5.4 Phylogeographic Patterns
		5.5 Spatial Scales of Population Genetic Structure
		5.6 Landscape Genetics: Which Factors Structure the Genetic Variation?
		5.7 What About Conservation Genetics?
		Literature Cited
Part III: Organismal Biology
	Chapter 6: Skull Shape and Size Diversification in the Genus Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae)
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Sample and Data Collections
		6.3 Geometric Morphometric Analysis
		6.4 Shape and Size Analysis
		6.5 Geographical Structure of Skull Shape
		6.6 Variation in Cranium and Mandible Size
		6.7 Variation in Cranium and Mandible Shape
		6.8 Geographical Structure of Cranial Shape
		6.9 Morphological Variation in Ctenomys: An Overview
		6.10 Congruence Between Morphological and Molecular Data
		6.11 Size Versus Shape
		6.12 Morphological Diversification
		Supporting Information
			Dorsal View of the Cranium
			Ventral View of the Cranium
			Lateral View of the Cranium
			Lateral View of the Mandible
		Literature Cited
	Chapter 7: Biomechanics and Strategies of Digging
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 A Biomechanical Approach to Digging Behavior
		7.3 The Burrow System in Tuco-Tucos
		7.4 Functional Morphology of Digging Strategies
			7.4.1 Scratch-Digging
			7.4.2 Tooth-Digging
		7.5 Structural Strength of Bones
		7.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8: Adaptive Pelage Coloration in Ctenomys
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Pelage Variation: From Genotype to Phenotype
		8.3 Quantifying Hair, Pelage, and Soil Coloration
		8.4 Phenotypic Variation: Pigment Distribution and Density
		8.5 Cryptic Coloration in Ctenomys
		8.6 Convergent Evolution
		8.7 Final Remarks
		Appendix
		Literature Cited
Part IV: Environmental Relationships
	Chapter 9: Environmental and Ecological Features of the Genus Ctenomys
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Spatial Utilization and Species Interactions
		9.3 Social Structure
		9.4 The Influence of Tuco-Tucos on the Environment
		9.5 Species Conservation
		Literature Cited
	Chapter 10: The Diet of Ctenomyids
		10.1 An Overview
		10.2 Methods for Diet Analysis
		10.3 What Do Ctenomyids Eat?
		Literature Cited
	Chapter 11: Ecological Physiology and Behavior in the Genus Ctenomys
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Sensory Biology
			11.2.1 Spatial Cognition
		11.3 Stress Response and Individual Condition
		11.4 Energetics, Water Balance, and Thermoregulation
			11.4.1 Energy Intake
			11.4.2 Basal Energy Expenditure
			11.4.3 Thermoregulation and Water Balance
			11.4.4 Non-basal Energy Expenditure
		11.5 Intraspecific Interactions: Physiology and Behavior of Territory Defense and Reproduction
			11.5.1 Social Behavior and Territoriality
			11.5.2 Seasonality and Regulation of Reproduction
			11.5.3 Ovulation and Receptivity
			11.5.4 Courtship and Mating
			11.5.5 Mating Preferences
			11.5.6 Mating System and Parental Care
		11.6 Interspecific Interactions: Physiology and Behavior of Predator Avoidance and Defense Against Parasites and Pathogens
			11.6.1 Predator Avoidance
			11.6.2 Defense Against Parasites and Pathogens
		11.7 Conclusions and Prospects
		Literature Cited
Chapter 12: Effects of Environmental Pollution on the Conservation of Ctenomys
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Biomarkers and Bioindicators
	12.3 The Role of Environmental Pollution in Ctenomys Adaptation
	12.4 Future
	12.5 Conclusions
	References
Index