Trends in Cloud-based IoT

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
1 A Blockchain Model for Trustworthiness in the Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Smart-Cities
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Blockchain for IoT: An Overview
		1.2.1 What Is Blockchain?
		1.2.2 How Blockchain Works?
			Types of Blockchain
			Public Blockchain
			Private Blockchain
			Hybrid/Consortium Blockchain
	1.3 Major Blockchain Technologies: Smart Contract and Consensus Mechanisms
		1.3.1 Smart Contract
		1.3.2 Consensus Mechanism
			Proof of Work (PoW)
			Proof of Service (PoS)
			Leased Proof of Stake (LPoS)
			Proof of Burn (PoB)
			Proof of Importance (PoI)
			Proof of Activity (PoA)
			Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
			Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
	1.4 Proposed Blockchain Model for IoT Trustworthiness
	1.5 Conclusions
	References
2 A Review on the Use of Wireless Sensor Networks in Cultural Heritage: Communication Technologies, Requirements,and Challenges
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Related Works
	2.3 WSN Standards and Communication Technologies for CH onitoring
		2.3.1 Bluetooth
		2.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4
		2.3.3 ZigBee
		2.3.4 Wi-Fi
		2.3.5 WirelessHART
		2.3.6 ISA100.11a
	2.4 Network Architecture
		2.4.1 Sensor Layer
		2.4.2 Gateway Layer
		2.4.3 Database Layer
	2.5 Design Factors of the WSN-Based Monitoring of the CH
		2.5.1 Primary Design Factors
			Energy Efficiency (EE)
			QoS
			Coverage and Connectivity (CC)
			Accuracy
		2.5.2 Secondary Design Factors
			Security
			Cost
			Fault Tolerance
			Reliability
	2.6 WSNs Deployment Aspects in CH
		2.6.1 Random Deployment
		2.6.2 Deterministic Deployment
	2.7 Requirements for WSNs-Based Monitoring of CH
	2.8 Open Research Issues
		2.8.1 Security and Privacy
		2.8.2 Coverage and Connectivity
		2.8.3 Power Consumption
		2.8.4 Scalability
		2.8.5 Cost
	2.9 Conclusion
	References
3 Tracking and Analyzing Processes in Smart Production
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Related Work
		3.2.1 BPMN and Balance Score Card
		3.2.2 KPIs and KPI Tracking
		3.2.3 Enabling Technologies for Smart Production
			Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing
			Big Data
			Smart Factory and Cyber-Physical Systems
	3.3 Methodology
		3.3.1 Dimensions, KPIs, and Goals Identification
		3.3.2 Selection of the Use Case
	3.4 Results
		3.4.1 Solution as Standalone Application
			Tracking the KPIs
			Tracking the Cycle Time
		3.4.2 Solution as Part of IoT Infrastructure
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 Trust-Based Chaos Access Control Framework by Neural Network for Cloud Computing Environment
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Related Work
	4.3 Influence of Neural Network in Trust
		4.3.1 Neural Network Classifiers
		4.3.2 Back-Propagation Algorithm
	4.4 Trust-Based Chaos Access Control (TBCAC)
		4.4.1 Trust Manager Work Flow Structure
		4.4.2 Role-Based Trust Access Control
		4.4.3 User Behavior Trust Calculation
		4.4.4 Current Trust (Currtrust)
		4.4.5 Past Trust Value (Pasttrust)
		4.4.6 Consolidated Trust Value (Construst)
		4.4.7 Trust-Level Threshold
		4.4.8 Break the Glass Approach
	4.5 Experimental Evaluation
		4.5.1 Results and Analysis
		4.5.2 Training State
		4.5.3 Validation State
		4.5.4 Testing State
		4.5.5 Overall State
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
5 A Survey on Technologies and Challenges of LPWA for Narrowband IoT
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Incorporate DSP and RISC Processors
	5.2 NB-IoT Architecture
		5.2.1 NB-IoT Deployment Schemes
		5.2.2 NB-IoT Transmission Schemes
	5.3 Physical Features of NB-IoT
		5.3.1 Technical Differences of NB-IoT Factors with Other LWPA Technologies
	5.4 Advantages of NB-IoT
	5.5 Challenges of NB-IoT
		5.5.1 Adaption of Tightly Coupled Memory
		5.5.2 Direct Memory Access
		5.5.3 Privacy and Data Security Challenges of IoT
		5.5.4 Models and Algorithms to Counter Attacks Based on Applications
		5.5.5 Applications of NB-IoT
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 Framework for Realization of Green Smart Cities Through the Internet of Things (IoT)
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 Introduction to Green Computing Technology
			An Instance of Green Technology
		6.1.2 From Digital City and IC to SC
	6.2 Definition of an SC
		6.2.1 Review of Definitions
			Technical Infrastructure
			Application Domain
			System Integration
			Data Processing
	6.3 Literature Review
	6.4 How Green Software Makes a City Smart
		6.4.1 Smart Operating Systems (SOS)
		6.4.2 Inter-Software Interaction
		6.4.3 Utilization of Smart Power Grids
		6.4.4 Feedback Data
		6.4.5 Specialized Green Software
	6.5 Architecture of Multi-level SC
		6.5.1 Architecture of Multi-level SC
			Phase 1: Information Collection
			Phase 2: Information Processing
			Phase 3: Information Integration and Reasoning
			Phase 4: Device Control and Warnings
		6.5.2 Communication Services
		6.5.3 Customized Services
		6.5.4 The Smart Urban System (SUS)
			The Smart Network
			The SOS and Smart Assets
			Sensors
			Data Analysis
	6.6 Conclusıon
	References
7 Scheduling of Scientific Workflow in Distributed Cloud Environment Using Hybrid PSO Algorithm
	7.1 Introduction to Cloud Computing
	7.2 Background
	7.3 Hybrid PSO Algorithm
	7.4 Experimental Results
	7.5 Conclusion
	References
8 Model-Based Recommender Systems
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Brief History of the Recommender Systems
		8.1.2 Recommender Systems
		8.1.3 Content-Based Recommender Systems
			Cold Start Problem of the CBF
		8.1.4 Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems
			Memory-Based Filtering Technique
			Model-Based Filtering Technique
		8.1.5 Hybrid Recommender Systems
	8.2 Building Recommender System Using ML.NET
		8.2.1 Data Preparation in ML.NET
		8.2.2 Transformation Text Based Data
	8.3 Building Recommender System on Restaurant Dataset
		8.3.1 Dataset Preparation
		8.3.2 Model Training and Evaluation
		8.3.3 Integration of ML Models in the Cloud Based Applications
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9 A Decade Bibliometric Analysis of Underwater Sensor Network Research on the Internet of Underwater Things: An African Perspective
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Underwater Sensor Networks and the Internet of Underwater Things
		9.2.1 Technical Definitions, Features, Architecture and Communication Capabilities
		9.2.2 Applications and Use Case Scenarios in Africa
		9.2.3 Underwater Sensor Networks in the Cloud
		9.2.4 Design/Implementation Challenges and Solutions
	9.3 Methodology
		9.3.1 Data Extraction and Search Criteria
	9.4 Bibliometric Analysis Results
		9.4.1 Global Perspective
			Research Trend
			Top 20 Most Productive and Cited Authors
			Subject Area Analysis
			Top Document Types and Source Analysis
			Topmost Countries
			Top Research Institutions/Affiliations
			Top Funding Institutions
			Top 20 Keywords
			Top 50 Most Significant Articles/Authors
	9.5 African Perspective
	9.6 Discussion and Analysis
		9.6.1 Implication of Findings and Vital Missing Links
		9.6.2 Research Directions and Recommendations
	9.7 Conclusion
	References
10 Health Informatics as a Service
	10.1 Introduction
		10.1.1 The Relevance of Cloud Computing
		10.1.2 Hypotheses of the Relationship Between Health Informatics and Cloud Computing
	10.2 Literature Review
		10.2.1 The State of Cloud Computing in Healthcare
		10.2.2 Motivators of Cloud Computing in Healthcare
		10.2.3 The Efficiency and Applicability of Cloud Computing in the Handling of Health Care Tasks
	10.3 Cloud Computing Application in Healthcare
		10.3.1 Data Security
			Service Provider
			Data Insurance
			Shared Liability
		10.3.2 Ease of Access
			Mobile Applications
			Desktop Management
			Access Control
		10.3.3 Practitioner Collaboration
			Shared Information
			Peer-to-Peer Decision-Making
			Patient and User Satisfaction
	10.4 Methodology
		10.4.1 Instrument Development
		10.4.2 Data Collection Procedure
		10.4.3 Sample Demography
	10.5 Data Analysis and Discussions
		10.5.1 Measurement Model Analysis
		10.5.2 Structural Model Analysis
		10.5.3 Implications for Research and TheoreticalDevelopment
		10.5.4 Limitations and Further Research
		10.5.5 Implications for Practice
	10.6 Conclusion
	A.1 Appendix: Definition of Technical Terms
	References
11 Cloud-Based Smart IoT Architecture and Various Application Domains
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Literature Review
	11.3 CBIT Architecture and Design Implementation
		11.3.1 Network Architecture of the CBIT
		11.3.2 Security and Privacy Authentication for the CBIT
		11.3.3 Privacy-Preserving Testimonials in CBIT
	11.4 CBIT Applications
		11.4.1 Smart Cities
		11.4.2 Smart Home
		11.4.3 Smart Grids
		11.4.4 Smart Energy
		11.4.5 Smart Logistics
		11.4.6 Video Surveillance
		11.4.7 Environment Monitoring
		11.4.8 Smart Mobility
		11.4.9 Smart Communities
		11.4.10 Healthcare
	11.5 Analysis and Discussion
		11.5.1 Challenges Faced in the CBIT Integration
			Security and Privacy
			Heterogeneity
			Big Data
			Performance
			Legal Aspects
			Monitoring
			Large Scale
		11.5.2 Issues to Integrate the CBIT
			Standardization
			Fog Computing
			Cloud Capabilities
			SLA Enforcement
			Big Data
			Energy Efficiency
			Security and Privacy
		11.5.3 Benefits of the CBIT
			Communication
			Storage
			Processing Capabilities
			Scope
			New Abilities
			New Models
		11.5.4 Importance of the CBIT to the UAV
	11.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Index