Trenchless technology piping: installation and inspection

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 16
New Developments......Page 20
Acknowledgments......Page 24
1.1 Buried Pipe History......Page 26
1.1.1 The Pipe-Soil Interaction......Page 27
1.2 Open-Cut Method of Pipe Installation......Page 28
1.4 Trenchless Technology Methods......Page 30
1.5 Three Main Divisions of Trenchless Technology Methods......Page 33
1.6.1 Conventional Pipe Jacking......Page 34
1.6.2 Utility Tunneling......Page 38
1.6.3 Horizontal Earth Boring......Page 40
1.7 Characteristics and Applications of Trenchless Construction Methods......Page 56
1.8.1 Conventional Pipe Jacking and Utility Tunneling......Page 58
1.8.2 Horizontal Auger Boring......Page 61
1.8.3 Horizontal Directional Drilling......Page 62
1.8.6 Pipe Ramming......Page 63
1.9 Planning and Safety Considerations......Page 64
1.10 Cost Estimating and Bidding......Page 68
1.11 Summary......Page 69
2.1.1 Existing Pipe Underperformance......Page 70
2.2 Planning Trenchless Renewal/Replacement Project......Page 71
2.2.1 Planning Activities......Page 73
2.2.2 Design Process......Page 74
2.3 Applicability of Trenchless Renewal and Replacement Methods......Page 76
2.3.2 Sliplining......Page 78
2.3.3 Modified Sliplining......Page 82
2.3.4 Coatings and Linings......Page 83
2.3.6 Thermoformed Pipe......Page 85
2.3.7 Lateral Renewal......Page 86
2.3.8 Point Source Repair or Localized Repairs......Page 87
2.3.9 Trenchless Replacement Methods......Page 88
2.4 Sample Decision Support Systems for Gravity and Pressure Pipes......Page 89
2.5.1 Long-Term Testing......Page 92
2.6 Summary......Page 93
2.7 Sample Design Calculations for CIPP......Page 94
2.8 Sample Specifications for CIPP......Page 108
3.1 Introduction......Page 118
3.2 Water Distribution Pipe Applications......Page 120
3.3 Selecting a Water Pipe Renewal Method......Page 121
3.4 Installation Phases of Coatings and Linings......Page 122
3.6 Pipe Inspection......Page 123
3.7 Pipe Cleaning Methods......Page 124
3.9.3 Slug Method......Page 126
3.11 Quality Control......Page 127
3.12 Safety......Page 128
3.14 Surface Restoration and Site Clearing......Page 130
3.16.1 Cement-Mortar Linings......Page 131
3.16.2 Epoxy Linings......Page 133
3.16.3 Polyurea......Page 134
3.16.4 Polyurethane......Page 136
3.17 Installation Procedures......Page 139
3.18 Comparison of Coating and Lining Methods......Page 140
3.19 Ongoing Research on Liner and Pipe Interactions......Page 141
3.20 Summary......Page 142
4.2 Pipeline Construction Using Open-Cut Method......Page 144
4.3 The Pipe-Soil System......Page 145
4.3.1 Rigid Pipes and Flexible Pipes......Page 147
4.3.2 Soils......Page 149
4.3.3 Pipe-Soil Interaction......Page 151
4.3.4 Behavior of Rigid Pipes......Page 154
4.3.5 Behavior of Flexible Pipes......Page 155
4.4 Common Modes of Pipeline Failures......Page 156
4.4.1 Failure Modes in Rigid Pipes......Page 158
4.4.2 Failure Modes in Flexible Pipe......Page 162
4.5 Pipe Selection Considerations......Page 165
4.6.1 Cement-Based Pipes......Page 166
4.6.2 Vitrified Clay Pipe......Page 174
4.7 Plastics Pipes......Page 178
4.7.1 Properties of Viscoelastic Pipe Materials......Page 179
4.7.2 Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe......Page 180
4.7.3 Polyethylene Pipe......Page 186
4.7.4 Glass-Reinforced Pipe (Fiberglass Pipe)......Page 192
4.7.5 Metallic Pipes......Page 196
4.8 Summary......Page 207
5.1 Introduction......Page 208
5.2 Method Description......Page 209
5.3.1 Site Investigation Requirements......Page 211
5.3.2 Drilling Operations......Page 213
5.3.3 Drilled Path Design......Page 216
5.3.4 Drilling Fluids......Page 218
5.3.5 Product Pipe Specifications......Page 221
5.3.6 Specifications and Drawings......Page 224
5.3.7 Contractual Considerations......Page 225
5.3.8 Inspection and Construction Monitoring......Page 226
5.4 Mini-HDD Considerations......Page 228
5.4.1 Mini-HDD Planning......Page 230
5.4.2 Bore Path Layout and Design—Vertical Trajectory......Page 233
5.4.3 Overall Bore Path Layout and Design......Page 238
5.5 Pipe Load Calculations......Page 241
5.5.1 Pipe Load Calculations......Page 242
5.5.2 Simplifications for Mini-HDD Applications......Page 244
5.5.3 Applications......Page 249
5.5.4 Design Example......Page 250
5.6 Summary......Page 251
6.2 Pipe Bursting......Page 254
6.2.2 Hydraulic Bursting Systems......Page 256
6.2.3 Static Bursting Systems......Page 257
6.3 Pipe Removal Systems......Page 258
6.3.1 Pipe Reaming......Page 259
6.3.3 Pipe Ejection, Extraction, or Insertion......Page 260
6.4 Existing Pipe Materials......Page 261
6.5 Replacement (New) Pipe Material......Page 262
6.6 When Is Pipe Bursting a Preferred Solution?......Page 263
6.7.1 Pipe Bursting Applicability and Limitations......Page 265
6.8.1 Utility Survey......Page 266
6.8.3 Insertion and Pulling Shaft Requirements......Page 267
6.8.4 Geotechnical Investigation Requirements......Page 268
6.8.6 Risk Assessment Plan......Page 270
6.8.7 Ground Movements......Page 272
6.8.8 Drawings and Specifications......Page 273
6.8.10 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Issues......Page 274
6.8.11 Dispute Resolution Mechanisms......Page 275
6.8.13 Cost Estimating......Page 276
6.9 Construction Considerations......Page 277
6.9.1 Typical Pipe-Bursting Operation Layout......Page 278
6.9.2 Shoring the Entry and Pulling Shafts......Page 279
6.9.4 Nearby Utilities......Page 280
6.9.7 Ground Movement Monitoring......Page 281
6.9.8 Manhole Connections......Page 282
6.9.10 Pipe Bursting Water Mains......Page 285
6.9.11 Service Connections......Page 286
6.9.12 Grooves on the Outside Surface of the Pipe......Page 287
6.9.14 Contingency Plan......Page 289
6.9.16 Potential Problems......Page 290
6.10.2 Pulling Loads—Theoretical Considerations......Page 292
6.10.3 Pulling Loads—Planning Guide......Page 296
6.10.4 Pipe Collapse Conditions......Page 297
6.11 Summary......Page 300
7.1.1 Background......Page 302
7.2 Site Compatibility and Applications......Page 303
7.2.1 Effects of Pipe Defects......Page 304
7.3 Main CIPP Characteristics......Page 308
7.3.1 Tube Wet-Out......Page 313
7.4.2 Inversion Process......Page 315
7.4.4 CIPP Liner Curing......Page 316
7.5 Inspecting CIPP Installation......Page 317
7.6 Pipe Plugging or Bypass Pumping......Page 321
7.7.3 Quality Control Issues......Page 322
7.8 Summary......Page 331
8.1.2 Materials......Page 332
8.1.3 Construction......Page 334
8.2.1 Introduction......Page 337
8.2.2 Pipe Materials......Page 342
8.2.3 Construction......Page 345
8.3.2 Design of the Pipe......Page 348
8.3.3 Construction Considerations......Page 350
8.4.1 Introduction......Page 355
8.4.2 Materials......Page 357
8.4.3 Construction......Page 359
8.5.1 Introduction......Page 360
8.5.3 Construction......Page 363
8.6.1 Introduction......Page 364
8.6.2 Pipe Material Standards......Page 369
8.6.3 Construction......Page 370
8.7.1 Introduction......Page 373
8.7.2 Materials......Page 375
8.7.3 Construction......Page 379
8.8 Access Pits/Driving and Receiving Shafts......Page 382
8.9 Settlement/Heaving Monitoring......Page 383
8.10 Groundwater Control......Page 384
8.14 Work-Site Restoration......Page 385
8.15 Summary......Page 386
9.1 Introduction......Page 388
9.2.1 Surface Survey and Site Visit......Page 390
9.2.2 Subsurface Investigations......Page 391
9.2.3 Geotechnical Investigations......Page 393
9.2.4 Permits......Page 399
9.2.5 Job Site Logistics Requirements......Page 400
9.2.7 Alignment Considerations......Page 401
9.2.8 Accuracy and Tolerances Including Settlement and Heave......Page 402
9.3 Trenchless Safety Considerations......Page 404
9.3.1 Project Safety Planning......Page 406
9.3.2 Hazard Assessment......Page 412
9.3.3 Risk Assessment......Page 413
9.3.4 Utility Mapping......Page 414
9.3.6 Communication......Page 415
9.3.7 Equipment Operator Training......Page 416
9.4 Summary......Page 417
A: References......Page 420
B: Related Documents......Page 424
C: Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 430
B......Page 438
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D......Page 443
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W......Page 462
E: Conversion Table......Page 464
C......Page 466
D......Page 468
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G......Page 470
H......Page 471
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M......Page 473
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R......Page 477
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W......Page 480