Treatment Resource Manual for Speech-Language Pathology, Sixth Edition

Case Examples by Disorder
List of Tables
List of Forms and Figures
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part One: Preparing for Effective Intervention
	Chapter 1. The Essential Ingredients of Good Therapy: Basic Skills
		Philosophy
		Universal Design Principles for Learning: An Overarching Framework
			General Principles of Intervention
		Programming
			Selection of Therapy Targets
			Sequencing of Therapy Targets
			Generalization/Carryover
			Termination of Therapy
			Formulation of Behavioral Objectives
		Theories of Learning
			Innateness Theory/Biological Model
			Behavioral Model
			Constructivism/Interactionist/Integrative Model
		Behavior Modification
			Types of Reinforcement
			Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
			Schedules of Reinforcement
		Key Teaching/Scaffolding Strategies
			Homework
		Session Design
			Basic Training Protocol
			Task Order
			Dynamics of Therapy
			Group Therapy
		Data Collection
			Recording Session Data
			Probes
		Collaborative Service Delivery Models
		Multitiered Systems of Support/Response to Intervention
			Current Challenges of RTI
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
			Treatment Intensity and Dosage
		Setting-Specific Professional Terminology
		Troubleshooting Tips for Therapy Sessions
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 1–A: Therapy Observation Checklist
		Appendix 1–B: Worksheet for Identifying Behavioral Objectives
		Appendix 1–C: Worksheet for Formulating and Writing Behavioral Objectives
		Appendix 1–D: Sample Daily Therapy Plan
		Appendix 1–E: Daily Therapy Plan
		Appendix 1–F: Report of Observation Hours
		Appendix 1–G: Instructions for Using Data Recording Forms
		Appendix 1–H: Sample Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support Plan
	Chapter 2. Information Reporting Systems and Techniques
		Philosophy
		Technical Writing Style
		Report Formats
			Initial Therapy Plan
			Session Notes
			Progress and Final Reports
		Tips for Proofreading Clinical Reports
		Individualized Education Program
			Due Process
		Individualized Family Service Plan
			504 Plan
		Professional Correspondence
		Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 2–A: Sample Initial Therapy Plan
		Appendix 2–B: Sample Progress Report
		Appendix 2–C: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Part Two: Providing Treatment for Communication Disorders
	Chapter 3. Intervention for Articulation and Phonology in Children
		Treatment Approaches
			Traditional
			Motor-Kinesthetic
			Distinctive Features
			Paired Oppositions — Minimal and Maximal
			Phonological Processes
			Cycles Approach
			Core Vocabulary
			Metaphon
		Oral-Motor Considerations
		Treatment Efficacy and Evidence-Based Practice
		Target Selection for Intervention Programming
			Developmental
			Nondevelopmental
			Helpful Hints (Functional Articulation Disorders)
			Helpful Hints (Phonological Disorders)
		Organic Articulation Disorders
			Cleft Palate
			Helpful Hints
			Hearing Impairment
			Helpful Hints
			Childhood Apraxia of Speech
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
			Articulation and Phonology
			Oral-Motor Dysfunction
		Additional Resources
			Articulation
			Phonology
		Appendix 3–A: Phonetic Placement Instructions for Difficult-to-Teach Sounds
		Appendix 3–B: Diadochokinetic Rates for Children
	Introduction to Chapters 4 and 5
		Introduction to Language Intervention for Children and Adolescents
			Classification of Language Disorders
			Relationship Between Oral Language and Literacy
				Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Literacy
			Theoretical Models of Intervention
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
	Chapter 4. Intervention for Language in Infants and Preschool Children
		Intervention With Infants (Birth to 3 Years)
			ASHA Early Intervention Guidelines
			Prelinguistic and Early Language Therapy Targets
			Helpful Hints
		Intervention With Children (3 to 5 Years)
		Treatment Approaches for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers
		Emergent Literacy Intervention (Birth Through Preschool Years)
		Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 4–A: Developmental Language Milestones: Birth to 5 Years
		Appendix 4–B: Gross and Fine Motor Developmental Milestones
		Appendix 4–C: Stages of Cognitive Development
		Appendix 4–D: Gesture Developmental Milestones: 9 to 16 Months
		Appendix 4–E: Development of Vision
		Appendix 4–F: Feeding Developmental Milestones
		Appendix 4–G: Stages of Play Development
		Appendix 4–H: Developmental Toy List
		Appendix 4–I: Examples of Lessons from “Promoting Awareness of Speech Sounds” (PASS)
	Chapter 5. Intervention for Language in School-Age Children Through Adolescence
		Characteristics of Students Ages 5 to 10 Years
		Characteristics of Adolescents 10 to 18 Years
		Intervention Considerations for School-Age Children and Adolescents
			The Common Core State Standards
		Treatment Approaches for School-Age Children and Adolescents
			Instructional Strategies for Writing
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 5–A: Types of Cohesion
	Chapter 6. Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
		Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder
			Incidence
			Etiology
		Characteristics of Children With ASD
			Social Communication
			Repetitive/Restricted Behaviors, Interests, and Activities
			Language
			Emergent Literacy and Literacy
			Medications
			Outcomes
		Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
		Treatment for Autism
			Theoretical Models
			Treatment Approaches
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
	Chapter 7. Intervention for Adult Aphasia With Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury
		Aphasia
			Classification of Aphasia Syndromes
		Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
		Treatment for Aphasia
			Neuroplasticity
			Theoretical Orientations to Aphasia Treatment
			Guidelines for Programming and Implementing Therapy
			Specific Intervention Procedures
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Traumatic Brain Injury
			Communication
			Executive Functioning
			Attention and Memory
			Behavior
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
			Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 7–A: Suggestions for Enhancing Verbal Interaction With a Family Member With Aphasia
		Appendix 7–B: Guidelines for Conversational Coaching
	Chapter 8. Intervention for Motor-Speech Disorders: The Dysarthrias, Apraxia of Speech, and Dysphagia
		Treatment for Motor-Speech Disorders
			The Dysarthrias
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
			Treatment for the Dysarthrias
			Helpful Hints
			Apraxia of Speech
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
			Treatment for Apraxia of Speech
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Dysphagia
			Treatment for Dysphagia
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
	Chapter 9. Intervention for Fluency
		Categories of Stuttering Behaviors
			Core Behaviors
			Secondary Behaviors
			Developmental Disfluencies Versus Stuttering
		Treatment for Fluency Disorders
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
			Intervention Techniques
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 9–A: Sample Phrases, Questions, and Monologues
	Chapter 10. Intervention for Voice and Alaryngeal Speech
		Voice Disorders
			Classification of Voice Disorders
			Treatment Efficacy/Evidence-Based Practice
		Treatment for Voice Disorders
			Intervention Techniques
			Transgender Voice
			Helpful Hints
		Alaryngeal Speech
		Treatment for Alaryngeal Clients
			Mechanical Devices
			Esophageal Speech
			Tracheoesophageal (TEP) Speech
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
		Appendix 10–A: Additional Dialogue Scripts for Voice Therapy Activities
	Chapter 11. Client and Family Counseling
		Five Key Traits of an Effective Counselor
		Stages of Counseling
			Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship
			Implementing Counseling Intervention
			Terminating the Therapeutic Relationship
		Client and Family Emotional Reactions to Communicative Disorders
		Counseling Techniques for Communicative Disorders
			Group Counseling
			Family Systems Counseling
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
	Chapter 12. Multicultural Issues in Intervention
		Cultural Competence
			Cultural/Ethnic Background
			Socioeconomic Status (SES)
			Linguistic Differences
		Clinical Considerations for Children
			Terminology
			Patterns of Second Language Acquisition
			Educational Models
		Clinical Considerations for Adult Populations
		Clinical Considerations for Multilingual Populations With Language Disorders
			Helpful Hints
		Conclusion
		Additional Resources
	Chapter 13. Contemporary Issues
		Critical Thinking
			Components of Critical Thinking
			Strategies/Techniques for Promoting Critical Thinking
		Telepractice
			Privacy and Regulatory Issues
			Basic Clinician Competencies With Technology
			Candidates for Telepractice Services
		Simulation Technologies
			Standardized Patients (SPs)
			Computer-Based Learning Experiences (CBLEs)
			Implementation
		Coding and Reimbursement
			CPT Codes
			ICD-10 Codes
			Documentation
		Conclusion
Appendix A. ASHA Code of Ethics
Appendix B. International Phonetic Alphabet Symbols
Appendix C. Glossary of Selected Medical Terms
Appendix D. Schematic of the Vocal Tract
References
Index