Treatment Dilemmas for Vulnerable Patients in Oral Health: Clinical and Ethical Issues

Foreword
Foreword
Contents
About the Authors
Oral Health: Ethical and Clinical Concerns
	1	 Introduction
	2	 The Demographic Dimension
	3	 Socio-Economics Factors
		3.1	 Barriers to Treatment
			3.1.1	 The Time Factor
			3.1.2	 Mental or Psychological Evaluation
				Dental Anxiety
				Depression
				Organic Diseases
			3.1.3	 Medical Conditions and Risks Factors
				Basic “Normal” Aging Changes by Organs
			3.1.4	 Medical Advises
			3.1.5	 The Economic Background
			3.1.6	 The Distance and the Accessibility of the Clinics
			3.1.7	 The Lack of Adequate Equipment
			3.1.8	 Insufficient Working Force
			3.1.9	 Inadequate Training and Skill of the Dental Team
			3.1.10	 A Little Motivation from the Professional Organizations
			3.1.11	 An In-Depth Look at Oral Health and Healthy Aging
			3.1.12	 Continuing Education; Variable Collaboration with the Faculties and the Universities
	4	 Evaluation and Evolution in Continuing Education
	5	 Ethical Concerns for Oral Health
		5.1	 Code of Ethics for Dentists in the European Union. 2007. President
	6	 Approaches for Clinical Solutions
		6.1	 The Dogmas Obstacle
		6.2	 The New Trends
			6.2.1	 Complete Dentures
			6.2.2	 Jaw Relations Records: Occlusion for Edentulous Patients
			6.2.3	 Limits of the Conventional Systems
		6.3	 Neutral Zone and Phonetic Impressions
		6.4	 Establishment of the Plan of Occlusion
		6.5	 Face-Bow
		6.6	 Balanced Occlusion
			6.6.1	 The Lingualized Occlusion
	7	 Removable Partial Denture: RPD
	8	 Immediate or Transitional Interim Dentures
	9	 Relining and Rebasing
		9.1	 Conservative Dentistry
	10	 Main Obstacles for a Successful Treatment
	11	 Responsibility
		11.1	 New Socioeconomic Impacts
	12	 Fixed Prosthodontics: Crowns and Bridges
		12.1	 The Conventional Approach
		12.2	 CAD/CAM
	13	 Discussion
		13.1	 Neglected Patients vs. Ethics
		13.2	 Dental Associations vs. Gerodontology
	14	 The COVID-19 Crisis: The Consequences in Dentistry
	15	 Conclusion
	References
Prevention for Vulnerable Patients: Atraumatic Carious Treatment and Mild-to-Moderate Periodontal Therapy
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Anatomopathology of the Carious Dentin: The Basis of ART Therapy
		2.1	 Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) and/or Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART)
		2.2	 ART Failures
		2.3	 Conclusions: What ART Provide to Vulnerable Patients?
	3	 Etiopathology and Treatment of Gingival and Periodontal Tissues: From Gingivitis to Periodontitis
		3.1	 Non-keratinocyte Cells Present in the Gingiva and in the Skin
		3.2	 Periodontal Diseases: Gingivitis and Periodontitis
		3.3	 How to Prevent Periodontal Diseases for Vulnerable Patients?
		3.4	 Periodontal Therapies
	4	 Conclusions
	References
Dental Neglect
	1	 Concluding Remarks
	2	 The Main Problems Concerning Dental Neglect and How to Resolve Them
		2.1	 Case 1
		2.2	 Case 2
	3	 Conclusion
	References
The Vulnerable Patients Group: The Global Oral Health Concept
	1	 Introduction
		1.1	 Conclusion
	2	 Overview of Dentistry in an African Country: Nigeria
		2.1	 Retirement
		2.2	 Social Isolation
		2.3	 Policy for Older Adult
		2.4	 Policy Making and Implementation for Older Population
		2.5	 Conclusion
	References
The TMJ Troubles and Their Nutritional Consequences
	1	 Impact of Painful TMD on Eating and Nutritional Status
	2	 Role of Diet and Nutrition in the TMD Management
	3	 Dietary Guidance for Patients with TMD
		3.1	 Instructions and Advice for the Patient
	References
Prevention Strategy: A Practical Protocol for Elderly Patients
	1	 Sub-Chapter A: The Challenge
		1.1	 Prevention Strategy for the Not to Be Neglected Elderly Patients, a Practical Approach
		1.2	 The First Foundation in Establishing a Good Protocol Should Be Starting in the Treatment Plane
		1.3	 The Second Foundation of the Treatment Is the Follow-Up Protocol
			1.3.1	 Follow-Up Protocol Should Contain
	2	 The Third Foundation Is Documentation
	3	 The Fourth and Last Is the Clinicians Point of View Judgment and State of Mind
		3.1	 Conclusion
	4	 Sub-Chapter B: The Challenge
		4.1	 Education
		4.2	 Aims and Means of Continuing Education
	5	 Discussion
		5.1	 Results
			5.1.1	 Satisfaction
		5.2	 Guidelines for the Speakers
			5.2.1	 In Educating the Educators [17]
		5.3	 Looking for the Future
		5.4	 Conclusion
	References