Transportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration, SI Version

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Transportation and Society......Page 17
Career Opportunities in Transportation......Page 22
Transportation History......Page 26
Problems......Page 36
References......Page 38
Systems and Their Characteristics......Page 39
Physical Elements......Page 40
Operating Rules......Page 41
Traffic Operations Analysis Tools......Page 42
Regression Analysis Techniques......Page 51
Probability Theory......Page 63
Queuing Theory......Page 76
Optimization and Decision-Making Techniques......Page 81
Summary......Page 91
Problems......Page 92
References......Page 100
3 Human, Vehicle, and Travelway Characteristics......Page 101
Visual Reception......Page 103
Passenger Behavior Characteristics in Transportation Terminals......Page 107
Static Characteristic of Automobiles......Page 108
Static Characteristics of Airplanes......Page 111
Static Characteristics of Railroad Locomotives......Page 115
Static Characteristics of Waterborne Vessels......Page 117
Dynamic Characteristics of Transportation Vehicles......Page 119
Rolling Resistance......Page 121
Curve Resistance......Page 123
Power Requirements......Page 125
Braking Distance......Page 127
Roadway Characteristics......Page 133
Railroad Characteristics......Page 141
Airport Characteristics......Page 147
Problems......Page 150
References......Page 153
4 Transportation Capacity Analysis......Page 155
The Level of Service Concept......Page 156
Highway Capacity......Page 158
Traffic Flow Parameters......Page 159
Relationships among Macropscopic Traffic Flow Parameters......Page 160
Traffic Flow Models......Page 163
Hourly Volume, Subhourly Volume, and Rates of Flow......Page 164
The V/C Ratio......Page 166
Capacity Analysis for Signalized Intersections......Page 167
Transit Capacity......Page 184
Transit Capacity Concepts......Page 185
Quality of Service Concepts......Page 187
Bus Capacity Analysis Methodology......Page 188
On-Street Rail Capacity Analysis Procedure......Page 200
Grade-Seperated Rail Systems......Page 206
Trasit Person Capacity......Page 215
Quality of Service Measures......Page 216
Flow-Speed-Density Relationship for Pedestrian Traffic......Page 219
Capacity Analysis and LOS Concepts......Page 221
Analysis Methodology......Page 223
Capacity and LOS Concepts......Page 230
Analysis Methodology......Page 231
Measures of Runway Capacity......Page 238
Factors Affecting the Capacity of a Runway System......Page 240
Models for Calculating Runway Capacity......Page 244
Problems......Page 248
References......Page 258
5 Transportation Planning and Evaluation......Page 259
A Context for Multimodal Transportation Planning......Page 260
Factors in Choosing a Freight or Passenger Mode......Page 262
The Transportation Planning Process......Page 272
Estimating Future Travel Demand......Page 284
Evaluating Transportation Alternatives......Page 294
Problems......Page 300
References......Page 304
Classification of Transportation Travelways......Page 305
Classification System of Highways and Streets......Page 306
Urban Minor Arterial Roads......Page 307
Rural Minor Collector Roads......Page 308
Crosswind Runways......Page 309
Parallel Runways......Page 310
Classification of Airport Taxiways......Page 311
Bypass Taxiways......Page 312
Apron Taxiways and Taxilanes......Page 313
Light Rail Transit Tracks......Page 314
Main Line Tracks......Page 315
Specified Design Volume......Page 316
Design Speed......Page 318
Cross-Sectional Elements......Page 320
Grades......Page 324
Runway and Taxiway Location and Orientation......Page 327
Runway Widths and Runway Shoulder Widths......Page 332
Runway and Taxiway Transverse Slopes......Page 333
Lines of Sight between Intersecting Runways......Page 335
Longitudinal Gradient......Page 336
Minimum Tangent Length between Horizontal Curves......Page 339
Design of Highway Vertical Curves......Page 341
Design of Airport Runway Vertical Curves......Page 348
Design of Railraod Vertical Curves......Page 349
Layout of Vertical Curves......Page 352
Types of Horizontal Curves......Page 357
Design of the Highway Horizontal Alignment......Page 363
Design of Railroad Horizontal Curves......Page 371
Layout of Horizontal Curves for Highways and Railroads......Page 379
Determination of the Orientation and Length of an Airport Runway......Page 388
Runway Orientation......Page 389
Runway Length......Page 392
Problems......Page 404
References......Page 408
7 Structural Design of Travelways......Page 409
Structural Components of Travelways......Page 410
General Principles of Structural Design of Travelways......Page 413
Step 1 Determine Input Load......Page 414
Step 2 Select Materials for Each Structural Component......Page 425
Step 3 Determine Minimum Size and/or Minimum Thickness for Each Structural Component......Page 455
Summary......Page 531
Problems......Page 532
References......Page 537
8 Transportation Safety......Page 539
Are they Crashes or Accidents?......Page 540
What Are the Causes f Transportation Crashes?......Page 541
What Are the Major Factors Involved in Transportation Crashes?......Page 542
What Are the Ways to Improve Transportation Safety?......Page 546
Collection and Analysis of Crash Data......Page 548
High-Priority Safety Improvements......Page 572
The AASHTO Comprehensive Approach to Safety......Page 577
Highway Safety: Who Is at Risk and What Can be Done?......Page 583
Commercial Transportation Safety: A Team Approach......Page 586
Summary......Page 594
Problems......Page 595
References......Page 597
9 Intelligent Transportation and Information Technology......Page 599
Freeway and Incident Management Systems......Page 600
FIMS Objectives and Functions......Page 601
Real-World Examples of Freeway and Incident Management Systems and Their Benefits......Page 641
Actuated Traffic Signals......Page 642
Signal Coordination......Page 643
Adaptive Traffic Control Systems......Page 651
Signal Preemption and Priority......Page 654
Advanced Arterial Traffic Control Systems Benefits......Page 655
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) Systems......Page 656
Transit Operations Software......Page 657
Electronic Fare Payment Systems......Page 658
Multimodal Traveler Information Systems......Page 659
Challenges Facing Multimodal Traveler Information Systems......Page 660
Summary......Page 661
Problems......Page 662
References......Page 668
Appendix A......Page 669
Index......Page 673