Transforming Higher Education in Asia and Africa: Strategic Planning and Policy

Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Critical Role of High-Quality Higher Education for National Development
	Change in Higher Education in Underdeveloped and Developing Areas
	Challenges for Higher Education in Developing and Underdeveloped Countries
		Effective Governance
		Financial Support
		Recruitment and Retention of Top Faculty Members
		Academic Freedom
		Autonomy
		Access
		Infrastructure Expansion and Upgrading
		Technology
		Other Issues
	Forces for Stability and Change
		Forces for Stability
		The Critical Role of Strategic Planning for Change
Chapter 2 Prelude to Planning in Higher Education
	Overview of Case Studies
	The Context for Strategic Planning in Higher Education in Much of the Developing World
Chapter 3 Leading Change in Pakistani Higher Education
	The Context for Higher Education Change in Pakistan
	A Request for Action on Higher Education
	Leading the Planning Process for a Change Agenda
	The Role of National Leadership in Fostering and Facilitating the National Strategic Plan Was Critical
	Opposition to the Plan
	Financing the Pakistan National Strategic Plan
	An Assessment of Risks to Realization of the Budget and the Change Plans
	A Model Budget-Making Process
	An Early Assessment of the Change Efforts
	Understanding the Importance of Breadth in Leadership to Help Make the Planning Process a Success
	Successes of Higher Education Change beyond 2010
Chapter 4 Afghan Higher Education: Change in a War Environment
	The Context for Higher Education Change in Afghanistan
	Success Requires Broad Leadership at Multiple Levels
	Opposition to Some Proposed Changes
	Understanding How Support for Major Change Was Built: The Challenges of Gender Equity and Private Higher Education
	Leaders’ Ability to Gain Support Facilitated by “Moral Imperatives”
	Funding Higher Education
	Private Higher Education
	Institutionalization and Sustainability of Higher Education Change in Afghanistan: 2009–2016
	A Breakdown in the Institutionalization of Strategic Planning in the Ministry
	Continuity Is a Key to Successful Long-Term Planning Success
	Lessons Learned about Higher Education Change
Chapter 5 Bringing Higher Education Transformation to South Africa
	The Context
	The Policymaking Process
	Development of a Framework for the New Order
	The Consultation Process for a National Plan
	Outcomes of the South African Transformation Efforts Nationally
	Understanding the Success of the Change Process
	Collective Leadership of the Process was a Key to Its Success
	Implementation: Successes and Failures
	It Is Important to Think about Leadership as not Just the Province of One Person, but of Many
	Failures of the Change Process: The Issues of Redress
	An Assessment of South African Higher Education Transformation and Reform
Chapter 6 Three Cases of Institutional Transformation in South Africa
	Transformation at Fort Hare
		Background of the University of Fort Hare
		Planning for Major Transformation at the University of Fort Hare
		A Renewed Effort to Prepare for Major Changes at Fort Hare
		Understanding the Conflicts over Goals at Fort Hare
		Fort Hare and the Merger
		Conclusions and Lessons Learned at the University of Fort Hare
	Higher Education Transformation at the University of the North—Creating a Shared Understanding
		The Context of Higher Education Change at the University of the North
		The Change Process Begins at the University of the North Starting in 1993
		Creating a “Shared Understanding”
		Starting a New Institutional Change Planning Process
		A Period of Negotiation
		Shared Understanding Undone
			The Strategic Planning Process for the University of the North
	Building Change at Peninsula Technikon
		Context of Peninsula Technikon
		Planning for Change at Peninsula Technikon
		Publicizing the Goals of the Strategic Plan Widely Is Important to Successful Implementation
		A Strategic Planning Unit
		Implementation of the Change Strategy
		An Implementation Process Is Only as Good as Its Goals for Change
			Student Success and Development
			Research
			Quality Improvement
			Science and Technology
			Staff Development
			Other Achievements
		A Successful Implementation Plan Will Be One That Is Carefully Monitored
		Incentive Funding Can Play an Important Role in Plan Success
		A Plan That Actively Involves the Whole Campus Is Especially Likely to Succeed
		Upgrading, Beautifying, and Keeping the Grounds Clean at an Institution Can Create an Important Sense of Pride That Helps Foster
		Strong Support from the Institution’s Leader from the Outset Is Essential to Successful Agreement on Goals and Plan Implementati
		Financing the Strategic Plan
		Lessons Learned from Peninsula Technikon
			Strategic Planning
		Merger and Its Consequences
Chapter 7 Challenges for Higher Education Change in Sierra Leone
	The Context
	Planning for Change in Higher Education
	Background of the Project
	Deterioration of Higher Education
	Efforts to Upgrade and Change Higher Education in Sierra Leone
	Liberalization of Politics in Sierra Leone
	Disasters Strike Sierra Leone
	Further Deterioration in Sierra Leone
	Strategic Plans and Processes Have to Survive Any Changes in Government or Leadership
		No Nation without a High-Quality Higher Education System Moves into the Realm of Developing Nations
Chapter 8 Fostering Higher Education Change in Uganda
	The Context for Change in Higher Education in Uganda
	Starting the Change Process: The Uganda Strategic Plan for Higher Education 2003–2015
		Enhancing Quality and Relevance
		Increasing Equity and Access
		Achieving Efficiency and Effectiveness
		Improving Governance
		Preventing HIV/AIDS
	Financing the Strategic Plan
	Problems for Implementation of the Strategic Plan
	Oversight of Tertiary Education Change Needs to Come with the Ability to Prioritize Its Focus, Giving Its Leaders the Ability to
	Lessons Learned
Chapter 9 Madagascar: Higher Education Change Efforts Thwarted
	Background to Higher Education in Madagascar
	Catastrophe Strikes Madagascar
	Institutionalization of the Plan
	Lessons Learned
Chapter 10 Ghana: Building Transformational Change at the University for Development Studies
	Background to Change at the University for Development Studies
	Building the Change Agenda at UDS
	An Innovative, Far-Reaching Plan, Requiring Radical Changes, Can Be Put in Place if Its Leadership Can Mobilize Strong Support f
	Understanding Opposition to the Changes Proposed
	Implementing the Change Strategy
	A Shared Vision for the University for Development Studies
	Characteristics of Successful Change in Higher Education
Chapter 11 The University of Malawi: Coalition and Team Building for Effective Change
	Keeping All Players in the Project Is a Key to Success and May Require Special Efforts by the Leadership
	The Context for Change at the University of Malawi
	Understanding the Background to Strategic Planning in Malawi
	The Threats of Secession
	Working on an Accommodation
	Agreement and Moving Forward on a Change Agenda
	Lessons about Team Building, Coalitions, and Consensus
	Implementing the Change Agenda
Chapter 12 Strategic Planning Challenges at Kabul Polytechnic University
	The Context of Kabul Polytechnic University (KPU)
	Organizing for Major Education Change at Kabul Polytechnic University
	Beginning to Write the Plan for KPU
	Writing and Rewriting the Plan
	Major Weakness of the Introduction to the Plan and the Lack of a Clear Budget
		A High-Quality Plan Is Poetry to the Ear
	Conclusions
Chapter 13 Implications for Leadership and Leading Transformational Change in Developing Countries
	Introduction
	Critical Skills of Higher Education Leaders
		A Clear Vision for Higher Education
		Self-Confidence with Modesty
		Relations-Oriented Behavior
		Personal Integrity and Ethical Behavior
		Ability to Adjust to Change; Flexibility
		Determination, Drive, Commitment
		Reflective Leadership and Strategic Thinking
		Organizational and Mobilization Skills
		Communications Skills
	Strategies for Higher Education Change
		Transformational Strategies
		Democratic Strategies
		Directive or Top-Down
		Collaborative Strategy
	Conclusions
Chapter 14 The Nature of Change and Transformation in Higher Education in Developing Countries
	Human Development and Higher Education Change
	Freedom and Higher Education
	Democracy and Higher Education
	Competition and Catching Up
	Political Involvement in Higher Education
	Recognition of the Role of Higher Education in Development
	Higher Education in War and Conflict Situations
	Careful Strategic Planning with Consensus on Goals and Objectives for Change
	Lessons about Financing Change
	Institutionalizing the Change Process
Conclusion What Does This Study Suggest for Higher Education in Underdeveloped and Developing Countries in the Future?
	The Critical Need to Increase Funding for Higher Education in Underdeveloped and Developing Countries
	Educators Must Do a Better Job Making the Case for More Financial Support for Higher Education in Underdeveloped and Developing
	The Need for Professional Higher Education Leadership Training
	Attacking the Growing Divide between Rich and Poor and Its Consequences for the Future of Higher Education Is Critical
	Final Thoughts about Higher Education Change and Transformation
Notes
Works Cited
Index