Traffic & Highway Engineering , Fouth Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
About the Authors......Page 16
PART 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 20
Importance of Transportation......Page 22
Transportation History......Page 25
Transportation Employment......Page 35
Summary......Page 42
Problems......Page 43
References......Page 44
Developing a Transportation System......Page 46
Modes of Transportation......Page 53
Transportation Organizations......Page 66
Summary......Page 70
Problems......Page 71
References......Page 73
PART 2 TRAFFIC OPERATIONS......Page 74
3 Characteristics of the Driver, the Pedestrian, the Vehicle, and the Road......Page 76
Driver Characteristics......Page 77
Perception-Reaction Process......Page 79
Older Drivers' Characteristics......Page 80
Bicyclists and Bicycles Characteristics......Page 81
Vehicle Characteristics......Page 82
Road Characteristics......Page 107
Summary......Page 112
Problems......Page 114
References......Page 117
4 Traffic Engineering Studies......Page 118
Spot Speed Studies......Page 119
Volume Studies......Page 134
Travel Time and Delay Studies......Page 152
Parking Studies......Page 158
Summary......Page 165
Problems......Page 166
References......Page 169
5 Highway Safety......Page 170
Issues Involved in Transportation Safety......Page 171
Strategic Highway Safety Plans......Page 173
Effectiveness of Safety Design Features......Page 209
Problems......Page 227
References......Page 231
Traffic Flow Elements......Page 232
Flow-Density Relationships......Page 237
Shock Waves in Traffic Streams......Page 249
Gap and Gap Acceptance......Page 262
Introduction to Queuing Theory......Page 268
Problems......Page 277
7 Intersection Design......Page 284
Types of At-Grade Intersections......Page 285
Design Principles for At-Grade Intersections......Page 295
Design of Railroad Grade Crossings......Page 333
Summary......Page 339
Problems......Page 341
References......Page 344
General Concepts of Traffic Control......Page 346
Conflict Points at Intersections......Page 350
Types of Intersection Control......Page 351
Signal Timing for Different Color Indications......Page 361
Freeway Ramps......Page 392
Problems......Page 397
References......Page 399
9 Capacity and Level of Service for Highway Segments......Page 400
Two-Lane Highways......Page 401
Freeways......Page 425
Multilane Highways......Page 443
Summary......Page 449
Problems......Page 450
Appendix: Tables......Page 453
Definitions of Some Common Terms......Page 476
Level of Service at Signalized Intersections......Page 479
Problems......Page 547
References......Page 552
Appendix: Tables......Page 553
PART 3 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING......Page 568
11 The Transportation Planning Process......Page 570
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning......Page 571
Transportation Planning Institutions......Page 581
Urban Transportation Planning......Page 585
Forecasting Travel......Page 593
Summary......Page 605
Problems......Page 606
References......Page 607
Demand Forecasting Approaches......Page 610
Trip Generation......Page 612
Trip Distribution......Page 622
Mode Choice......Page 632
Traffic Assignment......Page 644
Other Methods for Forecasting Demand......Page 652
Estimating Freight Demand......Page 656
Traffic Impact Studies......Page 657
Summary......Page 663
Problems......Page 664
References......Page 671
Basic Issues in Evaluation......Page 672
Evaluation Based on Economic Criteria......Page 676
Evaluation Based on Multiple Criteria......Page 688
Problems......Page 703
References......Page 708
PART 4 LOCATION, GEOMETRICS, AND DRAINAGE......Page 710
Principles of Highway Location......Page 712
Highway Survey Methods......Page 720
Highway Earthwork and Final Plans......Page 742
Summary......Page 750
Problems......Page 752
References......Page 753
15 Geometric Design of Highway Facilities......Page 756
Factors Influencing Highway Design......Page 757
Design of the Alignment......Page 773
Special Facilities for Heavy Vehicles on Steep Grades......Page 809
Bicycle Facilities......Page 810
Parking Facilities......Page 815
Computer Use in Geometric Design......Page 820
Problems......Page 821
References......Page 824
Surface Drainage......Page 826
Highway Drainage Structures......Page 828
Sediment and Erosion Control......Page 830
Hydrologic Considerations......Page 832
Unit Hydrographs......Page 845
Hydraulic Design of Highway Drainage Structures......Page 846
Subsurface Drainage......Page 889
Problems......Page 908
References......Page 910
Additional Reading......Page 911
PART 5 MATERIALS AND PAVEMENTS......Page 912
Soil Characteristics......Page 914
Basic Engineering Properties of Soils......Page 918
Classification of Soils for Highway Use......Page 926
Soil Surveys for Highway Construction......Page 936
Soil Compaction......Page 941
Special Soil Tests for Pavement Design......Page 951
Frost Action in Soils......Page 955
Problems......Page 956
References......Page 960
Sources of Asphalt......Page 962
Description and Uses of Bituminous Binders......Page 965
Properties of Asphalt Materials......Page 968
Tests for Asphalt Materials......Page 972
Asphalt Mixtures......Page 988
Superpave Systems......Page 1011
Problems......Page 1038
References......Page 1041
Structural Components of a Flexible Pavement......Page 1044
Soil Stabilization......Page 1046
General Principles of Flexible Pavement Design......Page 1051
Problems......Page 1089
References......Page 1092
20 Design of Rigid Pavements......Page 1094
Materials Used in Rigid Pavements......Page 1095
Joints in Concrete Pavements......Page 1100
Types of Rigid Highway Pavements......Page 1102
Pumping of Rigid Pavements......Page 1103
Stresses in Rigid Pavements......Page 1104
Thickness Design of Rigid Pavements......Page 1112
Problems......Page 1148
References......Page 1150
Problems of Highway Rehabilitation......Page 1152
Methods for Determining Roadway Condition......Page 1155
Pavement Condition Prediction......Page 1170
Pavement Rehabilitation......Page 1179
Pavement Rehabilitation Programming......Page 1181
GIS and Pavement Management......Page 1191
Problems......Page 1193
References......Page 1195
Appendix A: Critical Values for the Student's t Distribution......Page 1196
Appendix B: Developing Equations for Computing Regression Coefficients......Page 1200
Appendix C: Fitting Speed and Density Data for Example 6.2 to the Greenshields Model Using Excel......Page 1202
Appendix D: Determine Level of Service for Example 10.1 using HCS+......Page 1210
Appendix E: Metric Conversion Factors for Highway Geometric Design......Page 1220
Index......Page 1226