Traffic analysis and design of wireless IP networks

Traffic Analysis and Design of
 Wireless IP Networks......Page 2
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 16
1.1 Evolution Process......Page 18
1.2 Why Wireless IP Networks?......Page 19
1.3 Traffic Issues......Page 21
1.4 Design Issues......Page 22
2.1 Introduction......Page 26
2.2 Evolution of Wireless Communication......Page 28
2.3 Second Generation Mobile Networks......Page 29
2.3.1 GSM ¡ª State of the Art......Page 32
2.4 Evolution from 2G to 3G......Page 33
2.4.2 GPRS ¡ª Tracing the Way to Mobile Internet......Page 34
2.4.3 EDGE......Page 36
2.5.1 Standardization......Page 37
2.5.2 UMTS......Page 39
2.5.3 WCDMA......Page 45
2.5.4 TD- CDMA......Page 48
2.5.5 cdma2000......Page 49
2.6 Third Generation Mobile Applications and Services......Page 52
2.6.1 New Killer Applications......Page 55
2.6.2 Real- Time Services......Page 58
2.6.3 Nonreal- Time Services......Page 60
2.7 Future Wireless Communication Networks Beyond 3G......Page 61
2.7.1 All- IP Mobile Network......Page 64
References......Page 66
3.1 Introduction......Page 70
3.2.1 IPv4......Page 71
3.2.2 IP Version 6......Page 73
3.3 Transport Control of IP Packets......Page 74
3.3.1 TCP Mechanisms......Page 75
3.3.2 TCP Implementations......Page 78
3.3.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol......Page 79
3.4 QoS Provisioning in the Internet......Page 80
3.4.1 MPLS......Page 81
3.4.2 Integrated Services......Page 83
3.4.3 Differentiated Services......Page 86
3.5 Introduction of Mobility to the Internet......Page 90
3.5.1 Mobile IP Protocol......Page 91
3.5.2 Micromobility......Page 93
3.6.2 Mobility......Page 100
3.6.3 BER in the Wireless Link......Page 102
3.7 Discussion......Page 103
References......Page 104
4.1 Introduction......Page 108
4.2 Some Important Random Processes......Page 109
4.3 Discrete Markov Chains......Page 113
4.4 The Birth- Death Process......Page 117
4.4.1 Stationary System......Page 121
4.5 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Full Accessibility......Page 123
4.6 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Multiple Traffic Types......Page 128
4.6.1 Loss Systems with Integrated Traffic......Page 129
4.6.2 Phase- Type Distributions......Page 131
4.6.3 Multidimensional Erlang Formula......Page 134
4.6.4 Priority Queuing......Page 137
4.6.5 Error Control Impact on Traffic......Page 140
4.7 Teletraffic Modeling of Wireless Networks......Page 143
4.8 Principles of Dimensioning......Page 146
4.9 Discussion......Page 149
References......Page 150
5.1 Introduction......Page 152
5.2.1 Aggregate Internet Traffic......Page 153
5.2.2 Internet Traffic Components......Page 154
5.3 QoS Classification of IP Traffic......Page 156
5.4 Statistical Characteristics......Page 160
5.4.1 Nature of IP Traffic......Page 161
5.4.2 Self- Similar Processes......Page 166
5.4.3 Statistical Analysis of Nonreal- Time Traffic......Page 169
5.4.4 Statistical Analysis of Real- Time Services......Page 172
5.4.5 Genesis of IP- Traffic Self- Similarity......Page 175
References......Page 181
6.1 Introduction......Page 184
6.2 Architecture of Wireless IP Networks with Integrated Services......Page 185
6.2.1 Network Architecture......Page 186
6.2.2 Integrated Simulation Architecture......Page 187
6.3 Conceptual Model of Network Nodes......Page 188
6.3.1 Scheduling Schemes......Page 190
6.4 Simulation Architecture for Performance Analysis......Page 193
6.5 Wireless Link Model......Page 194
6.6.1 Call- Level Traffic Modeling......Page 196
6.6.2 Packet- Level Traffic Modeling......Page 197
6.7 Mobility Modeling......Page 203
6.7.1 Macromobility Model......Page 204
6.8.1 QoS Parameters on Call- Level......Page 207
6.8.2 QoS Parameters on Packet- Level......Page 209
6.8.3 Capacity......Page 210
6.9 Discussion......Page 212
References......Page 213
7.1 Introduction......Page 216
7.2.1 Analytical Modeling......Page 217
Resource Reservation......Page 221
Admission Control......Page 225
7.4.1 Efficiency of the Mobile Network......Page 228
7.4.2 Optimization of Mobile Networks......Page 232
7.5.1 Application of Multidimensional Erlang- B Formula in Mobile Networks......Page 234
7.5.2 Multirate Traffic Analysis......Page 237
7.6 Traffic Analysis of CDMA Networks......Page 243
7.6.1 Capacity Analysis of CDMA Network......Page 244
7.6.2 Calculation of the Soft Capacity......Page 250
7.6.3 Numerical Analysis......Page 251
7.7 Discussion......Page 253
References......Page 254
8.1 Introduction......Page 256
8.2 System Model......Page 257
8.3.1 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm......Page 259
8.4 Analytical Frame of HAC......Page 261
8.5 Optimal Thresholds in HAC Algorithm......Page 270
8.6 Analysis of the Admission Control in Wireless Networks......Page 272
8.7 Admission Control in Wireless CDMA Networks......Page 277
8.7.1 SIR- Based Admission Control......Page 278
8.7.2 Load- Based Admission Control......Page 279
8.7.3 Power- Based Admission Control......Page 280
8.7.5 Performance Measures for CDMA Systems......Page 282
8.7.7 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm for Multiclass CDMA Networks......Page 283
8.8 Discussion......Page 284
References......Page 285
9.1 Introduction......Page 288
9.2 Service Differentiation in Cellular Packet Networks......Page 289
9.3.1 Handover in Cellular Packet Networks......Page 291
9.3.2 Handover Mechanisms......Page 292
9.3.3 Analysis of Packet Losses at Handover......Page 294
9.4 Network Model......Page 296
9.5.1 Handover Loss Analysis for CBR Flows......Page 297
9.5.2 Handover Loss Analysis for VBR Flows......Page 301
9.5.3 Handover Loss Analysis for Best- Effort Flows......Page 307
9.5.4 Performance Analysis of Different Traffic Types Under Location- Dependent Bit Errors......Page 310
9.6 Discussion......Page 312
References......Page 313
10.1 Introduction......Page 316
10.2.1 Who May Initiate a Handover?......Page 317
10.2.2 Handover Types on a Link Layer......Page 318
10.2.3 Handover Agents......Page 319
10.3 Routing in the Wireless Access Network......Page 322
10.4 Location Control and Paging......Page 327
10.5.1 Crossover Node Discovery for B Flows......Page 329
10.5.2 Crossover Node Discovery for A Flows......Page 330
10.6 Performance Analysis of the Handover Agent Scheme......Page 331
10.7 Discussion......Page 336
References......Page 337
11.1 Introduction......Page 340
11.2 Wireless Network and Channel Model......Page 342
11.3.1 Wireline and Wireless Fluid Fair Queuing......Page 343
11.3.2 WFQ Algorithms......Page 345
11.3.3 Service Differentiation Applied to Existing Systems......Page 348
11.4.1 Class Differentiation......Page 351
11.4.2 Scheduling in an Error State......Page 355
11.4.3 Characteristics of WCBFQ......Page 359
11.5 Simulation Analysis......Page 360
11.6 Discussion......Page 364
References......Page 365
Conclusions......Page 368
About the Author......Page 372
Index......Page 374