Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks

Traffic Analysis and Design of
 Wireless IP Networks......Page 3
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 17
1.1 Evolution Process......Page 19
1.2 Why Wireless IP Networks?......Page 20
1.3 Traffic Issues......Page 22
1.4 Design Issues......Page 23
2.1 Introduction......Page 27
2.2 Evolution of Wireless Communication......Page 29
2.3 Second Generation Mobile Networks......Page 30
2.3.1 GSM ¡ª State of the Art......Page 33
2.4 Evolution from 2G to 3G......Page 34
2.4.2 GPRS ¡ª Tracing the Way to Mobile Internet......Page 35
2.4.3 EDGE......Page 37
2.5.1 Standardization......Page 38
2.5.2 UMTS......Page 40
2.5.3 WCDMA......Page 46
2.5.4 TD- CDMA......Page 49
2.5.5 cdma2000......Page 50
2.6 Third Generation Mobile Applications and Services......Page 53
2.6.1 New Killer Applications......Page 56
2.6.2 Real- Time Services......Page 59
2.6.3 Nonreal- Time Services......Page 61
2.7 Future Wireless Communication Networks Beyond 3G......Page 62
2.7.1 All- IP Mobile Network......Page 65
References......Page 67
3.1 Introduction......Page 71
3.2.1 IPv4......Page 72
3.2.2 IP Version 6......Page 74
3.3 Transport Control of IP Packets......Page 75
3.3.1 TCP Mechanisms......Page 76
3.3.2 TCP Implementations......Page 79
3.3.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol......Page 80
3.4 QoS Provisioning in the Internet......Page 81
3.4.1 MPLS......Page 82
3.4.2 Integrated Services......Page 84
3.4.3 Differentiated Services......Page 87
3.5 Introduction of Mobility to the Internet......Page 91
3.5.1 Mobile IP Protocol......Page 92
3.5.2 Micromobility......Page 94
3.6.2 Mobility......Page 101
3.6.3 BER in the Wireless Link......Page 103
3.7 Discussion......Page 104
References......Page 105
4.1 Introduction......Page 109
4.2 Some Important Random Processes......Page 110
4.3 Discrete Markov Chains......Page 114
4.4 The Birth- Death Process......Page 118
4.4.1 Stationary System......Page 122
4.5 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Full Accessibility......Page 124
4.6 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Multiple Traffic Types......Page 129
4.6.1 Loss Systems with Integrated Traffic......Page 130
4.6.2 Phase- Type Distributions......Page 132
4.6.3 Multidimensional Erlang Formula......Page 135
4.6.4 Priority Queuing......Page 138
4.6.5 Error Control Impact on Traffic......Page 141
4.7 Teletraffic Modeling of Wireless Networks......Page 144
4.8 Principles of Dimensioning......Page 147
4.9 Discussion......Page 150
References......Page 151
5.1 Introduction......Page 153
5.2.1 Aggregate Internet Traffic......Page 154
5.2.2 Internet Traffic Components......Page 155
5.3 QoS Classification of IP Traffic......Page 157
5.4 Statistical Characteristics......Page 161
5.4.1 Nature of IP Traffic......Page 162
5.4.2 Self- Similar Processes......Page 167
5.4.3 Statistical Analysis of Nonreal- Time Traffic......Page 170
5.4.4 Statistical Analysis of Real- Time Services......Page 173
5.4.5 Genesis of IP- Traffic Self- Similarity......Page 176
References......Page 182
6.1 Introduction......Page 185
6.2 Architecture of Wireless IP Networks with Integrated Services......Page 186
6.2.1 Network Architecture......Page 187
6.2.2 Integrated Simulation Architecture......Page 188
6.3 Conceptual Model of Network Nodes......Page 189
6.3.1 Scheduling Schemes......Page 191
6.4 Simulation Architecture for Performance Analysis......Page 194
6.5 Wireless Link Model......Page 195
6.6.1 Call- Level Traffic Modeling......Page 197
6.6.2 Packet- Level Traffic Modeling......Page 198
6.7 Mobility Modeling......Page 204
6.7.1 Macromobility Model......Page 205
6.8.1 QoS Parameters on Call- Level......Page 208
6.8.2 QoS Parameters on Packet- Level......Page 210
6.8.3 Capacity......Page 211
6.9 Discussion......Page 213
References......Page 214
7.1 Introduction......Page 217
7.2.1 Analytical Modeling......Page 218
Resource Reservation......Page 222
Admission Control......Page 226
7.4.1 Efficiency of the Mobile Network......Page 229
7.4.2 Optimization of Mobile Networks......Page 233
7.5.1 Application of Multidimensional Erlang- B Formula in Mobile Networks......Page 235
7.5.2 Multirate Traffic Analysis......Page 238
7.6 Traffic Analysis of CDMA Networks......Page 244
7.6.1 Capacity Analysis of CDMA Network......Page 245
7.6.2 Calculation of the Soft Capacity......Page 251
7.6.3 Numerical Analysis......Page 252
7.7 Discussion......Page 254
References......Page 255
8.1 Introduction......Page 257
8.2 System Model......Page 258
8.3.1 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm......Page 260
8.4 Analytical Frame of HAC......Page 262
8.5 Optimal Thresholds in HAC Algorithm......Page 271
8.6 Analysis of the Admission Control in Wireless Networks......Page 273
8.7 Admission Control in Wireless CDMA Networks......Page 278
8.7.1 SIR- Based Admission Control......Page 279
8.7.2 Load- Based Admission Control......Page 280
8.7.3 Power- Based Admission Control......Page 281
8.7.5 Performance Measures for CDMA Systems......Page 283
8.7.7 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm for Multiclass CDMA Networks......Page 284
8.8 Discussion......Page 285
References......Page 286
9.1 Introduction......Page 289
9.2 Service Differentiation in Cellular Packet Networks......Page 290
9.3.1 Handover in Cellular Packet Networks......Page 292
9.3.2 Handover Mechanisms......Page 293
9.3.3 Analysis of Packet Losses at Handover......Page 295
9.4 Network Model......Page 297
9.5.1 Handover Loss Analysis for CBR Flows......Page 298
9.5.2 Handover Loss Analysis for VBR Flows......Page 302
9.5.3 Handover Loss Analysis for Best- Effort Flows......Page 308
9.5.4 Performance Analysis of Different Traffic Types Under Location- Dependent Bit Errors......Page 311
9.6 Discussion......Page 313
References......Page 314
10.1 Introduction......Page 317
10.2.1 Who May Initiate a Handover?......Page 318
10.2.2 Handover Types on a Link Layer......Page 319
10.2.3 Handover Agents......Page 320
10.3 Routing in the Wireless Access Network......Page 323
10.4 Location Control and Paging......Page 328
10.5.1 Crossover Node Discovery for B Flows......Page 330
10.5.2 Crossover Node Discovery for A Flows......Page 331
10.6 Performance Analysis of the Handover Agent Scheme......Page 332
10.7 Discussion......Page 337
References......Page 338
11.1 Introduction......Page 341
11.2 Wireless Network and Channel Model......Page 343
11.3.1 Wireline and Wireless Fluid Fair Queuing......Page 344
11.3.2 WFQ Algorithms......Page 346
11.3.3 Service Differentiation Applied to Existing Systems......Page 349
11.4.1 Class Differentiation......Page 352
11.4.2 Scheduling in an Error State......Page 356
11.4.3 Characteristics of WCBFQ......Page 360
11.5 Simulation Analysis......Page 361
11.6 Discussion......Page 365
References......Page 366
Conclusions......Page 369
About the Author......Page 373
Index......Page 375