Trace elements in soil-plant-animal systems

Front Cover
......Page 1
Trace Elements in Soil-Plant-Animal Systems......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 12
The Waite Institute Jubilee......Page 14
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM
......Page 16
INTRODUCTION......Page 22
THE FIRST FIELD RESPONSES......Page 23
AUSTRALIAN SOILS AND THEIR TRACE ELEMENT DEFICIENCIES......Page 29
TRACE ELEMENT RESPONSES IN CROPPING AND FORESTRY......Page 35
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN LAND DEVELOPMENT......Page 38
MOLYBDENUM IN AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE......Page 45
THE FUTURE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 49
COPPER......Page 54
COBALT......Page 57
MOLYBDENUM......Page 61
MANGANESE......Page 62
FLUORINE......Page 63
SELENIUM......Page 64
OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS AND INTERACTIONS......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 67
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
FLUORINE......Page 74
VANADIUM......Page 75
MANGANESE......Page 76
IRON......Page 79
COBALT......Page 82
COPPER......Page 85
ARSENIC......Page 86
SELENIUM......Page 88
MOLYBDENUM......Page 89
IODINE......Page 90
BARIUM......Page 91
LEAD......Page 92
CONCLUSIONS......Page 93
REFERENCES......Page 94
INTRODUCTION......Page 98
ANALYTICAL DATA......Page 99
ADSORPTION STUDIES......Page 101
ELECTRON MICROPROBE STUDIES......Page 106
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 108
INTRODUCTION......Page 110
ADSORPTION MODEL......Page 111
SPECIFIC ADSORPTION OF METAL IONS......Page 114
INFLUENCE OF PROTONS ON Zn(II) DIFFUSION......Page 118
ROOT SOIL INTERFACE......Page 119
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
ABSORPTION FROM SOILS......Page 124
ABSORPTION IN RELATION TO PLANT CONCENTRATIONS AND GROWTH......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 145
INTRODUCTION......Page 150
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 152
RESULTS......Page 154
DISCUSSION......Page 160
REFERENCES......Page 163
INTRODUCTION......Page 166
MOBILITY OF MICRONUTRIENTS......Page 168
EFFECTS OF TOPSOIL DRYING......Page 172
MICRONUTRIENT TRANSFER TO ROOTS......Page 175
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 177
INTRODUCTION......Page 180
SELENIUM IN ROCKS AND SOILS......Page 181
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES......Page 186
PLANT SPECIES DIFFERENCES......Page 187
FORMS OF SELENIUM APPLIED TO SOILS......Page 189
VOLATILE SELENIUM......Page 190
SELENIUM AS A PLANT NUTRIENT......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 193
INTRODUCTION......Page 196
CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION METALS......Page 197
IRON......Page 198
MOLYBDENUM......Page 200
COBALT......Page 204
ZINC......Page 206
MANGANESE......Page 208
SODIUM......Page 209
CONCLUSIONS......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 211
INTRODUCTION......Page 214
TRACE ELEMENT COMPLEXES......Page 215
ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT......Page 218
POSSIBLE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN DARK PHASE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS......Page 223
SUMMARY......Page 224
REFERENCES......Page 225
INTRODUCTION......Page 228
NUCLEIC ACID PRECURSOR STUDIES......Page 230
SPECIFICITY OF THE EFFECT......Page 233
NATURE OF RNA WITH INCREASED LABEL......Page 235
CONCLUSIONS......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 239
THE ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS......Page 242
THE COMPLEXITY OF TRACE ELEMENT FUNCTIONS......Page 244
IODINE AND COBALT......Page 248
CHROMIUM......Page 249
SILICON......Page 251
FLUORINE......Page 252
TIN, NICKEL AND VANADIUM......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
INTRODUCTION......Page 258
ZINC......Page 259
MANGANESE......Page 261
COPPER......Page 263
COBALT......Page 265
REFERENCES......Page 269
THE RECOGNITION OF SELENIUM REQUIREMENTS......Page 274
FIELD STUDIES......Page 276
THE PROBLEM OF SELENIUM ADMINISTRATION......Page 277
FEEDING LOW-SELENIUM FODDER UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS......Page 278
BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF WHITE MUSCLE DISEASE......Page 279
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES USING 45Ca
......Page 280
INCORPORATION OF 75Se INTO PROTEIN......Page 282
THE SELENO-ENZYME - GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284
ANATOMY OF A TRACE ELEMENT INTERACTION......Page 286
A Cu x Mo x S INTERACTION IN RUMINANTS......Page 288
Cu:Mo ANTAGONISMS IN NON-RUMINANTS......Page 292
PRINCIPAL MECHANISMS FOR TRACE ELEMENT INTERACTIONS......Page 293
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF DIFFERENT INTERACTIONS......Page 299
TECHNIQUES FOR INVESTIGATING NUTRITIONAL INTERACTIONS......Page 300
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 301
REFERENCES......Page 302
THE RECOGNITION OF TRACE ELEMENT DEFICIENCIES......Page 306
CORRECTION OF TRACE ELEMENT DEFICIENCIES......Page 317
SUMMARY......Page 329
REFERENCES......Page 331
INTRODUCTION......Page 340
AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS......Page 341
RECOMMENDED SAMPLING PROCEDURE......Page 343
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS......Page 346
EXISTING DATA AVAILABLE IN AUSTRALIA......Page 349
CONCLUSIONS......Page 351
REFERENCES......Page 352
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND TECHNIQUES......Page 354
EFFECT OF SOILS AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON YIELD......Page 358
RELATION OF DEFICIENCIES TO SOIL TYPE......Page 361
PLANT AND SOIL ANALYSES......Page 362
CONCLUSIONS AND EXTRAPOLATION OF THE RESULTS......Page 365
REFERENCES......Page 366
INTRODUCTION......Page 368
PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE TRACE ELEMENT DISORDERS......Page 369
TRACE ELEMENT LEVELS IN PINUS FOLIAGE......Page 371
EFFECT OF AGE OF FOLIAGE AND POSITION IN THE CROWN......Page 373
RANGES OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN P. RADIATA IN AUSTRALIA......Page 376
RESULTS FROM A PLANTATION OF P. RADIATA UNDER TRACE ELEMENT STRESS......Page 377
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AND FOLIAR ASSESSMENT......Page 381
CORRECTION OF TRACE ELEMENT DISORDERS IN FORESTS......Page 382
REFERENCES......Page 383
INTRODUCTION......Page 386
THE NATURE OF TRACE ELEMENT DEFICIENCIES IN THE FIELD......Page 387
THE EXISTENCE OF RESPONSIVE CONDITIONS IN ABSENCE OF CLINICAL SIGNS......Page 388
DELINEATING AREAS WHERE TRACE ELEMENT-RESPONSIVE SITUATIONS MAY OCCUR......Page 389
ANIMAL TISSUE SAMPLING AND CLINICAL TESTS......Page 391
ZINC......Page 394
MANGANESE......Page 395
CONCLUSION......Page 397
REFERENCES......Page 398
INTRODUCTION......Page 400
SELENIUM INADEQUACY ON A REGIONAL BASIS......Page 401
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELENIUM-RESPONSIVE DISORDERS......Page 402
CLINICAL ASPECTS AND PATHOLOGY OF NUTRITIONAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY......Page 406
CLINICAL ASPECTS AND PATHOLOGY OF OTHER SELENIUM-RESPONSIVE CONDITIONS......Page 408
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SELENIUM INADEQUACY......Page 412
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 415
REFERENCES......Page 416
CHAPTER 24. EPILOGUE
......Page 422
Subject Index......Page 428