Toxicological profiles - Used mineral-based crankcase oil

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR USED MINERAL-BASED CRANKCASE OIL......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 13
1.1 WHAT IS USED MINERAL-BASED CRANKCASE OIL?......Page 14
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO USED MINERAL-BASED CRANKCASE OIL WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 15
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO USED MINERAL-BASED CRANKCASE OIL?......Page 16
1.4 HOW CAN USED MINERAL-BASED CRANKCASE OIL ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 17
1.5 HOW CAN USED MINERAL-BASED CRANKCASE OIL AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 18
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO USED MINERAL- BASED CRANKCASE OIL?......Page 19
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 20
2.1INTRODUCTION......Page 21
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 23
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 24
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 30
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 31
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 32
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 36
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 37
2.2.3.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 44
2.2.3.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 45
 2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 47
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 48
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 49
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 50
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 51
2.4 MECHANISMS OF ACTION......Page 52
2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 55
Minimal Risk Levels for Used Mineral-based CrankcaseOil......Page 57
Systemic Effects......Page 58
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 68
2.6.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Used Mineral-based CrankcaseOil......Page 69
2.6.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Used Mineral-based CrankcaseOil......Page 70
2.8 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 71
2.9.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 73
2.9.2 Reducing Body Burden......Page 74
2.9.3 Interfering with the Mechanism ofAction for Toxic Effects......Page 75
2.10.1 Existing Informationon HealthEffects of Used Mineral-basedCrankcase Oil......Page 76
2.10.2 0Identification of Data Needs......Page 79
2.10.3 On-goingStudies......Page 85
3.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY......Page 86
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 87
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 90
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 91
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 93
5.2.1 Air......Page 96
5.2.2 Water......Page 98
5.2.3 Soil......Page 99
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 100
5.3.2.1 lAir......Page 104
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 105
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 106
5.4.1 Air......Page 107
5.4.2 Water......Page 109
5.4.3 SedimentandSoil......Page 110
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 111
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 113
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 114
5.7.2On-goingStudies......Page 118
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 119
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 124
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 137
Methods for Determining Biomarkers of Exposureand Effect......Page 138
6.3.2 On-going Studies......Page 139
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 140
8.  REFERENCES......Page 153
Intermediate Exposure......Page 179
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)......Page 180
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 181
ATSDRMINIMALRISKLEVEL......Page 182
USER'S GUIDE......Page 185
ACRONYMS,ABBREVIATIONS,ANDSYMBOLS......Page 192