Toxicological profiles - Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (hccpd)

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE (HCCPD)......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 13
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 5
QUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS......Page 7
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9
PEER REVIEW......Page 11
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 17
LIST OF TABLES......Page 19
1.1 WHAT IS HCCPD?......Page 21
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO HCCPD WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 22
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO HCCPD?......Page 23
1.4 HOW CAN HCCPD ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 24
1.5 HOW CAN HCCPD AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 25
1.8 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN......Page 27
1.9 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO......Page 28
1.10 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 29
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 31
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 33
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 35
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 67
2.2.1.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 68
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 69
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 71
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 80
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 81
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 82
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 83
2.2.3.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 90
2.3.1 Absorption......Page 91
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 92
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 93
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 94
2.3.2.4 Other Effects......Page 95
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 96
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 98
2.3.4.4 Other Exposure......Page 99
2.3.5 Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/Pharmacodynamic (PD) Models......Page 100
2.4 MECHANISMS OF ACTION......Page 101
Overview.......Page 105
Minimal Risk Levels for HCCPD......Page 106
Systemic Effects.......Page 109
2.6 CHILDREN’S SUSCEPTIBILITY......Page 119
2.7 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 121
2.7.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by HCCPD......Page 122
2.9 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 123
2.10.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 124
2.11 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 125
2.11.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of HCCPD......Page 126
2.11.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 128
Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect.......Page 131
2.11.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 134
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 136
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 140
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 142
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 144
5.2.1 Air......Page 145
5.2.2 Water......Page 148
5.2.3 Soil......Page 149
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 150
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 153
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 154
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 158
5.4.1 Air......Page 159
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 160
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 161
5.6 EXPOSURES OF CHILDREN......Page 162
5.7 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 163
5.8.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 164
5.8.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 167
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 169
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 171
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 175
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 176
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 178
8. REFERENCES......Page 184
Case Report......Page 201
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)......Page 202
Modifying Factor (MF)......Page 203
Pharmacokinetic Model......Page 204
Reproductive Toxicity......Page 205
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 206
Xenobiotic......Page 207
ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVELS AND WORKSHEETS......Page 209
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL (MRL) WORKSHEET......Page 211
USER'S GUIDE......Page 219
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 227