Toxicological profiles - Dinitrophenols

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE  FOR  DINITROPHENOLS......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 13
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO DINITROPHENOLS WHEN THEY ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN DINITROPHENOLS AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 16
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 17
2.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 18
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 19
2.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 21
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 22
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 25
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 81
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 82
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 83
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 84
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 85
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 86
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 88
2.3.1 Absorption......Page 89
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 90
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 91
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 92
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 93
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 97
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 98
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 100
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Dinitrophenols......Page 137
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Dinitrophenols......Page 138
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES......Page 139
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 140
2.8 METHODS FOR REDUCING TOXIC EFFECTS......Page 142
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 143
2.9 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 144
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Dinitrophenols......Page 145
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 147
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 155
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 156
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 164
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 166
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 167
5.2.2 Water......Page 168
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 172
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 174
5.4.1 Air......Page 176
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 177
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 178
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 179
6. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 181
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 183
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 190
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 191
8. REFERENCES......Page 207
Intermediate Exposure......Page 228
q1*......Page 229
Uncertainty Factor......Page 230
User s Guide......Page 231
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 236